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1、五种基本句,讲解与训练,Hedy,S=Subject(主语); V=Verb(谓语动词);P=Predicative(表语); O=Object(宾语);INO=Indirect Object(间接宾语);DO=Direct Object(直接宾语);OC=Object Complement(宾语补足语),英语五种基本句型列式如下：,句型一： （主谓）句型二： （主系表）句型三： （主谓宾）句型四： （主谓间宾直宾）句型五： （主谓宾宾补）,1.SVi,E.g：I went to school at 7：00. 主 谓 状这一结构中的动词为不及物动词，其后没有宾语,后面可以跟副词、介词短语做状
2、语。go, live, die, talk, swim, stay, 用以上词语造句（肯定，否定，疑问） 特点是:谓语动词是不及物动词,本身能表达完整的意思,后面不需跟宾语,但有时可跟副词、介词短语等作状语。,Examples: go, live, die, talk, swim, stay,We go to school everyday.Im living in Chang Ping District now.My love for you will never die.I want to talk with a foreigner.Jerry can swim well.Mr. Gree
3、n will stay in China for a year.,2.SV系P,E.g.：The food smells delicious. 主 系 表句子谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。look, sound, become, turn, keep，get 特点是:谓语动词是连系动词
4、,不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语特征、身份、状态的表语。常见的系动词look, sound, become, turn, grow, get,每个人看起来都不一样。（look）那听起来很好。（sound）我现在成了一名教师。（become）她脸红了。（turn）他现在成长得又高又壮。（grow）天色渐渐黑了。（get）,3.SVtO,E.g.：He hopes to fly to the moon. 主 谓 宾1)只能用不定式作宾语的常见动词：want，hope，wish，would like，decide，agree，ask，cant，wait等；2)只能用动名词作宾语的常见动词：
5、mind，enjoy，keep，finish，cant help等；3)既能用不定式又能用动名词作宾语，且有区别的常见动词：remember, forget, stop, go on, try4)既能用不定式又能用动名词作宾语，且无区别的常见动词：begin，start，like，love，hate等。特点是:谓语动词是及物动词,不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语。,记住在你离开之前把窗子关上。 (还未做)我记得关了啊。(已做过)哦，你忘了关灯了。(还未做)我忘了已经写完作业了。(已做过),Remember _the window before you leave.,But I rememb
6、er_ it.,I see. You forgot_ the lights.,I forgot_ my homework already.,to close,closing,to turn off,finishing,Mary停下来去散步。（stop）他停止唱歌了。然后，他接下来去玩足球了。（go on）Tom继续玩电脑游戏。我们尽量完成任务。（try）我试着修理自行车。(看有无结果),Mary stopped_ a walk.,He stopped_.,Then he went on_ football.,Tom went on_ computer games.,We try_ the ta
7、sk.,I tried_ the bike.,to take,singing,to play,playing,to finish,mending,4.SVtOiOd,E.g. He gave me a pen. 主 谓 间宾 直宾1)这种结构也可将间宾放到直宾之后，但间宾前需加介词to(对象)或for(目的)；E.g They lent the bike to the boy. 主 谓 直宾 间宾,2)在间宾前加to的：,昨天爸爸给我一个礼物。（ give ）My father gave a present to me yesterday.Li Hua给我看他的照片。（ show ）Li Hu
8、a showed his pictures to me.我的朋友给我一封信。（ send ）My friend sent a letter to me.姐姐给我带来一件漂亮的裙子。（ bring ）My sister brought a beautiful dress to me.,请把盐递给我。（ pass ）Pass the salt to me please.他把自行车借给那个女孩了。（ lend ）He lent his bike to that girl.以前，奶奶常给我讲故事。（ tell ）My grandma told stories to me in the past.Tom
9、昨天教我一首英文歌曲。（ teach ）Tom taught a english song to me yesterday.,3) 在间宾前加for的：,他给我亲手做了一个生日礼物。（ make ）His made a birthday present for me.她的丈夫给她买了一个漂亮的项链。（ buy ）Her husband bought a beautiful necklace for her.我们应该为残疾人做点什么。（ do ）We should do something for the disabled people.我们给老人们唱歌。（ sing ）We are singi
10、ng songs for the old people.,4)最好用SVtOdOi结构的情况：,例如：Ill send it to you. 直宾 间宾 Well sing some songs for the friend 直宾 间宾from a foreign country.,a.当直接宾语是人称代词时：b.当直宾比间宾短时：,特点:谓语动词跟有两个宾语,这两个宾语都是动作的对象或承受者,其中指人的是间接宾语,指物的是直接宾语。当间接宾语放在直接宾语之后时,通常需要加介词for或to。可跟双宾语的动词,4.SVtOiOd,5.SVtOC,例如：The boy wished his fat
11、her to buy a bike for him. 主 谓 宾 宾补1)带to的不定式作宾补； 例如：She asked me to call him again.很多动词后面都可以有这种宾补，这类动词有：ask，tell，want，wish，would，like，like，hate等。,2)不带to的不定式作宾补；,例如：We often hear the girl sing the song.能带这种复合宾语的动词为感官动词、短语动词和使役动词如let，feel，notice，help，make，have，listen to，hear，see，watch，look at，observe.
12、注：如果这种结构变为被动语态，不定式就必然带to.help后的不定式可以带to也可不带to.,3)分词作宾补；,例如：He heard somebody knocking on the window.现在分词作宾补表示主动，且动作正在进行，过去分词作宾补表示被动，或动作已完成，也可以表示请别人做某事。能带分词作宾补的常见动词为感官动词：see，hear，notice，watch，feel及find，get，have(这三个动词为使役动词)等。,4)名词作宾补；,例如：We must keep it a secret.这类复合宾语只有在有限的一些动词后使用，常见的动词有：name，call，ma
13、ke，elect，think，find，leave等What he have done made him a successful man.,5)形容词作宾补。,例如：You should keep the room clean.常见的能跟这种复合宾语的动词有：make，keep，find，want，wish，like，see，think，believe，leave等。The interesting story made me happy.leave me aloneWe saw him out.,SVtOC,特点:谓语动词虽然跟有一个宾语,但意思还不完整,必须加上另外一个成分(宾语补足语)对
14、宾语进行补充说明。可以用作宾语补足语的有:名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等,同义句转换,1.It seems that he will give us a talk tomorrow. He _ _ be giving us a talk tomorrow.2.I thought I hadnt covered the basket. I had _ _ _ the basket.3.If the rain stops，well have a picnic. If it _ _，well have a picnic.4.The teacher was listened to by
15、 them singing a song. They listened _ the teacher _ a song.5.Ill ask somebody to cut my hair. Ill _ my hair _ .,同义句转换,1.It seems that he will give us a talk tomorrow. He seems to be giving us a talk tomorrow.2.I thought I hadnt covered the basket. I had forgotten to cover the basket.3.If the rain stops，well have a picnic. If it stops raining，well have a picnic.4.The teacher was listened to by them singing a song. They listened to the teacher sing a song.5.Ill ask somebody to cut my hair. Ill have my hair cut .,
