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1、Tradtional Chinese Medicine,Zhai Jianli翟建丽,2.2 The Five elements,2.2.1 Formation and Concepts of the Five Elements The ancient Chinese recognized that wood, fire, earth,metal,water are the five indispensable materials in human life,later, people looked to the properties of these five materials to ex
2、plain the whole physical world.,2.2 The Five elements,2.2.2Major concepts of the Five Elements2.2.2.1Characteristics of Five ElementsPeople categorized things into wood,fire, earth,metal and water acocording to their different natures,actions,shapes or forms.,2.2 The Five elements,Wood-flourishes an
3、d grows freely,anything that possesses this nature is attributed to wood.,Fire-warm, heat and flares up,anything that possesses this nature is attributed to fire.,Earth-holding and producing,anything that possesses this nature is attributed to earth.,Metal-solidity and clarity,anything that possesse
4、s this nature is attributed to metal.,Water-cold moist and flowing in a downward direction,anything that possesses this nature is attributed to water.,2.2. 1 promotion,restriction, invasion and violation of the five element,(1)Promotion and restriction promotion means promoting and improving,wood,ea
5、rth,water,metal,fire,2.2 The Five elements,Each element has two aspects of being promoted andpromoting.The promoting element is the mother,the promoted element is the child,this is mother-child relationship.Example: water -wood-fire,wood promotes fire,Fire promotes earth,earth promotes metal,metal p
6、romotes water,water promotes wood,restriction means checking and bring under control among the five elements.,each element has two aspects of “being restricted” and restricting. the restricting element is the dominator,the restricted element is the subordinate.,earth is restricted by wood,Metal is r
7、estricted by fire,wood is restricted by metal,Table 1.,2.2 The Five elements,(1)Promotion and restrictionExample:metal-wood-earthPromotion and restriction keep a relative balancefor normal generation and development.,2.2 The Five elements,(2)Invasion by another element(abnormal relation) Invasion me
8、ans encroaching on that which is weak.example:-excessive wood-invade earth-make it deficient.,2.2 The Five elements,violation means using ones strength to bully another one,This is called counter restriction.For example:metal-wood,but if wood becomes excessive or metal becomes deficient,Then the woo
9、d will reverse and violate metal.,2.23Application of the five elements in TCM,2.2.3.1 To explain the relationships among the five zang-viscerapromotion:kidney(water)-essence nourishes liver (wood),kidney promotes liver. The liver(wood) stores blood to assist the heart(fire),thus liver promotes heart
10、.,2.2 The Five elements,Heart(fire)-yang warms the spleen (earth),so heart promotes spleen. The Spleen(earth) transforms food and water into essence and nourishes lung(metal),spleen promotes lung. The lung regulates water passage to support the kidney(water), so lung promotes kidney.,2.2 The Five el
11、ements,Restriction:The lung qi(metal)-check the hyperactivity of liver-yang(wood);The kidney yin(water) can prevent the raging of heart fire,thus kidney restricts heart.,liver disease affect the spleen,this is wood subjugating earth. A spleen disease may involve the liver,this is earth violating woo
12、d.A liver disease may also affect the heart,that is a child disease involving the mother.,To explain inter-affection of the viscera physiologically,2.2 The Five elements,2.2.3.3 Application of the five element in Diagnosis and Treatment Because the five zang-viscera have a specific connection to the
13、 five element with color,voice,flavor and corresponding pulse.A diagnosis can be made from a patients complexion,voice,taste,pulse.,2.2 The Five elements,For example:greenish complextion-sour food-wiry pulse-(belong to wood)liver diseasereddish complextion-bitter taste-surging pulse(belong to fire)h
14、eart disease,2.2 The Five elements,A spleen disease with greendish complextion implies that the wood (liver)has subjugated the earth(spleen);heart disease with darkish appearance suggests that water(kidney)has invaded fire(heart).,2.2 The Five elements,for treatment:reinforcing earth(spleen) to stre
15、ngthen metal(lung);replenishing water(kedney) to nourish wood(liver);checking wood(liver) to assist earth(spleen);replenishing water(kedney) to reduce fire(heart).,2.2 The Five elements,2.3 combined application of yin-yang and the five elements Yin-yang and five elements are mutually related,By comb
16、ining these theories in TCM ,one can comprehensively understand the human physiology and pathology.,2.2 The Five elements,Questions:1. What is the four concepts of Yin-yang Theory?2. What is excess or deficiency of yin or yang ?3 .Remember the Table 1.4. What is the order of promotion of five elements?5. What is the order of restriction of five elements?6.Try to explain promotion, restriction, invasion and violation of the five element.,
