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1、句子种类,九上U1,一、陈述句,陈述句是用于说明事实、看法,描述动作、状态,阐明道理、原因的句子。包括肯定结构和否定结构。肯定句如下:This is a beautiful garden.这是一座漂亮的花园。We won the game.我们赢得了比赛。,陈述句,肯定句变否定句的基本方法如下:1be 动词的否定式:在be动词后面加否定词not。如:We arent classmates. 我们不是同学。2情态动词的否定式:在情态动词后面直接加否定词not。如: I cant speak English well. 我英语说得不好。3实义动词的否定式:借助助动词do/ does构成。一般现在时
2、的句子结构为:主语doesnt/dont 动词原形其他。如:He doesnt do exercise every day.他不是每天锻炼。,二、疑问句,疑问句的主要交际功能是提出问题,询问情况。分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。1一般疑问句:用yes和no来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。形式:be+ 主语+其他? 情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他? 助动词+主语+动词原形过去分词+其他? 如:Are you tired? Yes, I am. -Must I finish the work today? -Yes, you must. - Have you been to Be
3、ijing? No, I havent.,2特殊疑问句: 以疑问词开头,对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。如:常见的特殊疑问词有:who, which, what, when, where, why, how manyhow much, how often, how long, how soon, how far 如:What do you like best? When did you go to Beijing last time? How often do you exercise? 3选择疑问句:指提出两个或两个以上可能的答案供对方选择。如:Shall we go home or
4、stay here for the night? 我们回家还是待在这里过夜?,4. 反义疑问句 表示提问人的看法,没有把握,需要对方证实 。反义疑问句由两部分组成:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个一般疑问句,两部分的人称和时态应保持一致。,一、反义疑问句的结构(前肯后否,前否后肯),二、反义疑问句的特殊情况,1、当陈述部分含有little / few / never / hardly / seldom / no / neither / nobody / nothing / none等表示否定意义的词时,疑问部分要用肯定形式。例如: She has few friends, does she
5、? 她朋友很少,不是吗? He has never been there, has she? 他从没到过那里,不是吗?,2、当陈述部分否定意义的词如:unhappy, dislike, careless 等含有否定词缀在派生词时,仍按肯定句对待,疑问部分用否定形式。例如: He looks unhappy today, doesnt he ? 他今天看起来不开心,不是吗? The girl dislikes history, doesnt she? 那个女孩不喜欢历史,不是吗?,3、陈述部分为I think/ believe/ suppose 引导的宾语从句,疑问部分根据从句的情况及整句所表达
6、的肯定或否定意义来完成。例如: I think he is at home, isnt he? 我认为他在家,难道不在吗? I dont believe Tom can succeed, can he ? 我觉得汤姆不会成功的,他会吗?,4、当陈述部分是there be句型时,疑问句部分用be的相应时态提问。例如: There are some apples. arent there? 那里有一些苹果,不是吗? There will be robots in peoples home in the future, wont there? 将来,人们的家里会有机器人,不是吗?,5、省略的感叹句的
7、反意疑问句一律使用否定形式,并用be的一般现在时提问。例如: What a clever boy, isnt he? 多么可爱的男孩啊,不是吗? What beautiful girls, arent they? 多漂亮的女孩儿们啊,不是吗?,6、祈使句的反意疑问句,用将来时提问。例如: Please close the door, wont you? 请关上门,好吗? Dont close the door, will you? 不要关门,好吗?* Let 开头的祈使句 Lets go, shall we? ( Lets 开头,shall 提问) 我们走,好吗? Let us go, wil
8、l you? ( Let 开头,will 提问) 让我们走好吗?,7、陈述部分是I am ,疑问部分要用 arent I。例如: Im as tall as your sister,arent I ? 我和你姐姐一样高,不是吗?,8、陈述部分有have to + V原 (had to + V原 ),疑问部分常用dont + 主语(didnt +主语)。例如: We have to get there at eight, dont we? 我们必须八点到那里,不是吗?,9、陈述部分若为主从复合句,疑问部分的主语通常与主句的主语一致。例如: She said he would come tomor
9、row, didnt she? 她说过她明天回来的,不是吗? He told us how to get to the farm, didnt he? 他告诉过我们怎么去那个农场的,不是吗?,10、陈述部分的主语为不定代词somebody, everybody, everyone或these, those时,疑问句部分的主语用they作代词;陈述部分的主语为不定代词something, nothing, something或this, that时,疑问句部分的主语用it作代词。例如: Everybody is here, arent they? 大家都到齐了,不是吗? Everything i
10、s ready, isnt it? 一切都准备好了,不是吗?,1、永远不可能出现Yes, it isnt. / No, it is.2、永远根据“事实”(陈述句部分)来回答: 事实是肯定用Yes, 事实是否定用No。 例如: It is a fine day, isnt it? 今天天气真好,不是吗? Yes, it is. / No, it isnt. 是的,天气真好。/ 不是的,天气不好。 It isnt a fine day, is it? 今天天气不好,不是吗? Yes, it is . / No, it isnt. 是的,天气不好。 / 不是的,天气好。,三、反意疑问句如何回答,三、
11、祈使句,祈使句的否定句式,祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作,所以回答祈使句时,一般用will或wont。 在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时,要注意两点:一是形式一致,即Yes与will保持一致;No与wont保持一致。二是意思相反,即Yes是“不”的意思;No是“是”的意思。在回答时,要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。例如:,祈使句的回答,- Dont go out, please. Its raining heavily outside. 请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。- Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport. 不行,我得
12、去机场接我弟弟。,表示喜、怒、乐等强烈感情时用感叹句。感叹句分为两种:一种以what引导,一种以how引导。句尾通常用感叹号“ !” 。,四、感叹句,一、 What引导的感叹句!* what 修饰名词或名词短语,有以下两种形式:1. What + a (an) + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语!如: What a fine day it is! 今天天气真好!2. What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数或不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!如: What kind boys they are! 多么善良的男孩啊!,二、 How引导的感叹句!* how 修饰形容词、副词或动词。其结构
13、是: How + 形容词(副词)+ 主语 + 谓语! 如: How clever the girl is! 多聪明的女孩呀! How hard the worker are working! 工人们工作得多努力啊!注意:当how修饰动词时,动词不跟着感叹词提到主语之前。 如: How the runner runs! 那个运动员跑得好快啊!,【温馨提示】(1) What与How引导的感叹句,可以相互转换,转换后意义不变。 如:What an interesting story it is! = How interesting the story is! 多有趣的故事啊!(2) 在口语中,感叹句
14、的主语和谓语常常省略。如: What a nice present!(省略it is) 多好的礼物啊!How disappointed!(省略she is或其它可作本句主、谓的词语) 好失望啊!,【巧学妙记】 感叹句如何选择What和How?后往前,去主谓,主前名词,就用What,主前形容,就用How。,易错易混点【易错点】感叹句 - delicious the ice cream is! Could you give me one more? -Sure. A. What B. How C. What a D. What an【易混点】how 词组辨析- will your father c
15、ome back?-In three weeks. A. How long B. How many C. how soon D. How often,1、 (2012铜仁中考) Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _ advertisements showing happy families.A. will often see B. often see C. are often seeing D. have often seen【解析】选A。祈使句,+ and you will。祈使句相当于条件状语从句。,2、(2011烟台中考)
16、 Stand over there,_ youll be able to see it better.A. or B. while C. but D. and【解析】选D。祈使句,+ and you will。祈使句相当于条件状语从句。,3、(2015 贵州黔西南)_ beautiful skirt it is!A. How B. How a C. What D. What a 【解析】选D。主语it前的skirt为可数名词单数,故选What a 。,4、(2015 山东济宁) Wow! _ beautiful the music is!Yes. Thats my favorite.A. Wh
17、at B. What a C. What an D. How【解析】选D。主语the music前的beautiful为形容词,故选How 。,5、(2015 黑龙江绥化)_ swim in the river alone, Karen. Its too dangerous.A. Not B. Dont C. Doesnt【解析】选B。祈使句前用Dont表否定 。,6、(2015 吉林长春)_ along this street, and you can find the hotel no your right ,next to the market.A. Walk B. To walk C.
18、 Walks D. Walking【解析】选A。祈使句用动词原形开头 。,7、 (2009衡阳中考) Tina is unhappy now, _?A. isnt she B. is she C. is he D. did she【解析】选A。反义疑问句,前肯后否。,8、 (2010怀化中考) Few of them hurt themselves in the accident last night, _ ?A. dont they B. didnt they C. did they D. do they【解析】选A。反义疑问句,前面有few表示否定的词,后面的疑问结构用肯定。,句子种类练习
19、题一、单项选择。(A)1. _ weather! Its raining! Bad luck! We cant go climbing today. A. What badBHow bad CWhat fine DHow fine (B)2.Shes never spoken to a foreigner, _? Yes. Shes active and can speak English freely. Ais she Bhas she Cisnt she Dhasnt she(A)3. _ get off the bus before it stops. ADont BDoesnt CDi
20、dnt DHadnt(D)4. -_sweater is this? -I think its Peters. A. Who B. What C. Which D. Whose (C )5. wonderful concert they are putting on in the city square! A.How B. What C. What a D. What an,(A )6.- do you go shopping with your mother? -I seldom do that. A. How often B. How soon C. How far D. How long
21、( B )7.Please open the door. It is very cold outside. A. not B. dont C. doesnt D. no(C )8. interesting it is to go sailing in Qingdao in summer! A.What B. What an C. How D. How an( C )9.-Are you going to borrow a dictionary or a magazine? -_. A. Yes, a dictionary B. No, a magazine C. A dictionary D. Yes, both( B )10. -_you _TV at the moment? -No ,you can turn it off. A. Did, watch B. Are ,watching C. Do ,watch D. Have , watched,