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1、Welcome to our class,Grammar and usage -Noun Clauses 名词性从句,名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句 、宾语从句和同位语从句。,1.When we will start is not clear.2. She wont believe that her son has become a thief.3. My idea is that we should do it right now.4. I had no idea that you were her friend.,主语
2、从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,I 名词性从句的种类,主语从句一般有三种结构：,1. 主语从句+谓语,That she will win the match is certain.,2.It+be+形容词（名词词组、过去分词）+that从句,It is important that we teens should learn English.,It is good news that he will attend the meeting on behalf of our school.,It is said that our school will hold a sports meeti
3、ng,3. It +seem (happen，appear等不及物动词)+that从句,It seems that Katy is not coming to this party.,宾语从句的结构,主句 + 连接词(引导词) + 宾语从句,在句子中起宾语作用的句子叫宾语从句，宾语从句放在及物动词或介词之后作宾语。,I dont know why he is always late for school.,We all agree with what you said at the meeting.,宾语从句,表语从句 表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用as if引导。其基本结构为:主语 + 系动
4、词 + that从句。1. be, look, remain, 等系动词后均可跟表语从句：My suggestion is that we should go shopping.2. as if 也可引导表语从句。 It looks as if its going to rain.,3.the reason why is that 和It is because 等结构。,It was because I got up late.,同位语从句 同位语从句在句中作同位语，它一般要放在主句中某些名词的后面，说明这些名词的含义。可跟同位语从句的名词主要有：fact, news, promise, re
5、ason, idea, hope, word, belief等。Beijing ,the capital of China, is my hometown.We heard the news that our team had won. We were happy to hear the news that was announced by our boss.,定语从句,同位语从句,同位语短语,1. (2008山东)_ was most important to her was her family. A. it B. this C. What D. as2. (2009北京，31）At fi
6、rst he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see _it got any better. A.When B. how C. why D. if3. (2006全国I,23）See the flags on top of the building?That was _ we did this morning. A. When B. which C. where D. what4. (2009浙江，12）Is there any possibility _ you could pick me up at
7、 the airport?-No problem.A. When B. that C. whether D. what,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,I. 名词性从句的引导词：,连接词 ：that、if、whether,无意义,2. 连接代词 ：who、 whom 、whose、 what、 which,3. 连接副词： when、 where、why、how,“是否”,作主/宾/表,注意: 区别if 与whether,1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow. 2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorro
8、w. 3. The question is _ this book is worth writing.,whether / if,whether,whether,5. It depends on _ we will have enough money. 6. _ they can do it matters little to us. 7. _ you are not free tomorrow, Ill go without you.,whether,Whether,If,请你归纳,a. 主语从句并在句首b. 表语从句c. 同位语从句e. 介词后的宾语从句f. 直接加动词不定式只能用whet
9、her （to do）g whether or not 直接连用时不用if,只能使用whether 的情况：,请你归纳,If 表-是否-常用于动词后的宾语从句,1. _ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. A. Whenever B. If C.Whether D. That 2. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where,高考题选萃,that 表肯定意义whether表疑问
10、,There is no doubt_ he will win the first place .,that,that 与 what 的区别,What he said makes me happy.That a new teacher will come is true .,that 只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不充当任 何成分, 且在宾语从句中有时可省（动词后）。 what 既起连接作用, 又在从句中作 主语, 宾语, 表 语 (且在名词性从句中只有what可作表语）,3,1. _ he said so made us angry . _ he said at the meeting ma
11、de us angry.2. A computer can only do_ you have instructed it to do. （01全国） 3. 中国不再是过去的样子了。4. A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago. （04天津） A. what B. which C. that D. where,That,What,China is no longer _ it used to be .,what,what,1. That he will succeed is certain .2. Whe
12、ther he will go there is not known .3. What he said is not true .4. Where he hid the money is to be found out .5. Whoever comes is welcome.,Subject Clause,主语从句,请思考？,注意点,1).主语从句一律用陈述句语序,即主语在前,谓语在后. 例: 误: When will he come is not known.,2).连接词that在从句中无实际意义,但不能省略. 例: 误: He will not come to the meeting
13、this evening is true.,正: When he will come is not known.,正: That he will not come to the meeting this evening is true.,除了动词后的宾从,3).whoever, whatever, whichever等词可以引导主语从句, 但no matter who, no matter what 等不能.,Whoever breaks the school rules must be punished.,试比较：Whoever breaks the schools rules, he mu
14、st be punished. No matter who breaks the school rules, he must be punished.,让步状语从句,主语从句,1._ was said here must be kept secret. 2._ we need is more time. 3._ has taken away my bag is unknown. 4._ breaks the law will be punished.,Whatever,What,Who,Whoever,Anyone who,1.他犯了那样一个错误真是遗憾。_ is a pity .2.他来不来
15、不重要。_doesnt matter.,It doesnt matter whether,That he made such a mistake,It is a pity that,考点 ：it作形式主语(主从) , 形式宾语（宾从）,it 作形式主语,Whether he will come or not,It is reported/ thought/said/predicted that It is clear/necessary/certain that It is a pity/a shame/an honor that It doesnt matter whether It see
16、ms/appears that It happens that,Can you understand them?,1._ he wants is a book.2. _ he wants to go there is obvious.3.The result is _ we won the game.4.This is _ we want to know.5.Is _ he told us true ?6.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.7. I have no doubt _ he will come.8. I have
17、no idea _ he did that afternoon.,What,That,that,what,what,what,that,what,1)（2008浙江) _ want to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. A). anyone B). the one C). whoever D). who2) _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. ( 93) A).what B). that C). the fact D). the matter3)（2006浙江） _is
18、 our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger,more prosperous economy. A). As B). That C). this D). It,挑战高考,1. I wondered _ you were so angry.2. It all depends on _ they will support us .3. I cant imagine _made him act like that.4 . Im delighted _I have passed the exam.5. I fi
19、nd it necessary _ we should do the homework.,用适当的连接词填空,why,whether,what,that,that,宾语从句,请思考？,二.宾语从句,1.宾语从句的引导词: 宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词相同.,2.注意点,1) 宾语从句一律用陈述句的语序.2) 引导宾语从句的连词that也无实际意义,多数 情况下可以省略.3) whether和if都可以引导宾语从句 但: (1) 当whether后紧跟or not时, 不用if 例: I dont know _I will stay or not. (2) 介词后面的宾语从句不能用if
20、 例: I worry about _ I hurt her feeling.,whether,whether,4) that在宾语从句中的省略与保留 (1).在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句 (真正宾语) 的句型中不省略. 例: We must make it clear that we mean what we say. (2).由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语 从句中, that 不省略. 例: He told me that he would come and that he would come on time.,it 指代后面从句所叙述的内容,常用 like
21、/dislike/love/hate/appreciate/make+it + if 或when从句,5）it 作形式宾语,make /find/ feel / consider / think it + adj / n + that / to do,I hate it when people laugh at the disabled .,1. Ive got to make clear that he told a lie.I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (2004 ) A. this B. that
22、 C. it D. one3. 他发现很难使别人理解他. He found _.,it,it difficult to make himself understood,it,1)（2005山东，26)The shopkeeper didnt want to sell for _ he thought was not enough.A). where B). How C). what D). which2) (2006全国I，16) -what did your parents think about your decision?-They always let me do _I think I
23、 should.A). when B). that C). how D). what,挑战高考,Translation,问题是我们是否可以信任他。我建议买台大电脑。她看起来要哭了。,The question is,My suggestion is,He looked,表语从句,whether we can rely on him.,as if he was going to cry.,that we( should)buy a big computer.,请思考？,2.注意点,1) 表语从句一律用陈述句的语序.2) 表语从句的引导词that无实际意义,但不能省略.3) 表语从句只能用wheth
24、er,而不能用if 引导.4) 不要使用 The reason is because that 句型, 应使用 The reason is that 或 This / it /that/ is because等句型.例如: 今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多. 误: The reason why he was late this morning is because that there was a lot of traffic on the road.,正: The reason why he was late this morning is that there was a lot o
25、f traffic on the road. 或:He was late this morning. That was because there was a lot of traffic on the road.,1. (2009江西，33）The fact has worried many scientists_ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. A). what B). which C). though D). that 2. (2009辽宁，29）Do you have any idea _ is actually
26、 going on in the classroom? A). that B). what C).as D). which,真题荟萃,同位语从句,1）The fact that he was killed made us surprised.2）I have no idea when he will be back.3）We heard the news that our team had won. 4）Can you find the answer to the question what was wrong with the computer?5）He made a suggestion
27、that we (should) read some original English literature works.,1.同位语从句的引导词: that ,whether, how , when, where, why等引导。that引导的同位语从句前面的名词常见的有: idea, fact, news, belief, thought, doubt, suggestion; proof, message, order, conclusion, desire, theory, truth, word 等.2.同位语从句和定语从句的区别: 如果that作从句中的某一成分, 则是定语从句,
28、如果that不作从句中的任何成分, 则是同位语从句. 例: (1) I had no idea that it was so late. (主系表 结构, that 不作从句中的成分, 同位语从句) (2) I still remember the place that we visited last year. (主谓宾结构, that作从句中的宾 语,定语从句),同位语从句的简易判断方法： 我们可以在名词和从句之间加be,使之构成一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，则是同位语从句，定语从句是不能用系表结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。 eg: The belief that the earth
29、 is flat is still held in some countries.,The belief is that the earth is flat.,1.The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries is still unknown to many.,判断：定语从句(AT) , 同位语从句(AP),2.The news that is spreading around the airport is coming.,3.The suggestion that students should learn somethi
30、ng practical is worth considering.,4.We expressed the hope that they had expressed.5. We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.,AP,AT,AP,AT,AP,注意问题:语序,1. The photographs will show you _（MET89） A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village
31、look like D. how our village looks like,从句一定用陈述语序,1.(09四川8 ). News came from the school office _ Xiao Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.A. which B. what C. that D. where2.(09天津9 ). It is obvious to the students _ they should get well prepared for their future.A. as B. which C. whether D. t
32、hat3.(06上海)One advantage of playing the guitar is _ it can give you a great deal of pleasure. A. how B. why C. that D. when,高考链接,同位语从句,主语从句,表语从句,4.(上海01年春季）What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon A. when B. how C whether D. why 5.(2006江苏) We havent set
33、tled the question of_ it is necessary for him to study abroad A if B where C whether D that 6.(96 NMET ) _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where,表语从句,宾语从句,主语从句,7.(2000NMET) _she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lesso
34、ns. A. that; what B. what; why C. what; because D. why; that8.(09湖南) She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do it takes to save her life.A.whichever B.however C whatever D.whoever9.(09海南) Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales please?A. who B. what C. whoever D. whatever,主语从句
35、,宾语从句,宾语从句,10.(96 NMET) _ we cant get seems better than _ we have. A. what; what B. what; that C. that; that D. that; what11.(07 全国卷II) _ matters most in learning English is enough practice. A. what B. why C. where D. which12.(08天津卷） The last time we had great fun was _we were visiting the Water Par
36、k. A. where B. how C. when D. why,主语从句,主语从句,表语从句,考点,名词性从句在句中要用_语序,从句的引导词必须始终置于_,考点1语序问题,1.No one can be sure _ in a million years.what will man look likeB. what man will look likeC. man will look like what D. what look will man like,陈述,总结归纳：,2.You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christm
37、as presents.A. how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited were they D. they were how excited,句首,考点2 时态问题,2. Our physics teacher once told us that light _ （ travel ） faster than sound.,travels,总结归纳：,3)主句的动词用一般现在时，从句谓语可根据需要选用各种时态,1. He said that he will go to the station.,3. Tom says
38、 that Mary _ (go) abroad last year and _ (be) there for nearly 5 months.,1）主句的动词用过去时，从句谓语动词用过去的某种时态,2）主句的动词用过去时，从句表示客观事实，格言，谚语等 ，从句谓语动词用一般现在时,went,has been,would,考点3 主谓一致问题,何时开会还没有决定。,When the meeting will begin _ (have) not been decided yet .,他们何时出发和他们去哪里还没有决定。,When the person was murdered and why
39、he was murdered_(is/are)still unknown.,单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用_形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用_形式。由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用_形式。,总结归纳：,单数,复数,has,When they will start and where they will go_(have)still unknown.,何时何地开会还没有决定。,When and where the meeting will begin _ (have) not been decided yet .,have,has,单数,基本句型：
40、It is +形容词、名词、过去分词+ that . + (should) do a. It is important (necessary, natural, strange, advisable etc)+that b. It is a pity( a shame, no wonder etc)+that c. It is suggested (ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted etc)+that,1. It is ordered that he _ the examination? A. takesB.
41、has to take C. must take D. take2. It is strange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has told,考点4虚拟语气 a)主语从句中的虚拟语气,总结归纳：,We suggested that the meeting _A.should put off B.be put off C. was put off D.putting off,总结归纳：,表示建议、要求、命令,坚持等动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、i
42、nsist request、command、order后的从句谓语动词用 _,注意suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist 表示“坚持认为”之意时，从句按需要来选择时态,(should) + do/be done,The smile on his face suggested that he _(was/be/is)satisfied with our work.,was,考点4虚拟语气 b)宾语从句中的虚拟语气,a. IwishI_(know)theanswer now.,b. Iwishhe _(pass)theexam yesterday.,c. IwishI_ (fly)
43、tothemooninafewyears.,对现在虚拟时，that从句中谓语用过去时,对过去虚拟时，用had过去分词,对将来虚拟时，用would(might等)动词原形,knew,hadpassed,wouldfly,总结归纳：,考点4虚拟语气 b)宾语从句中的虚拟语气,在 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice 等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即_,His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. c
44、an try2. The order given by the commander was that they _ until the commander allowed they to. A. stopped B. didnt stop C. stop D. not stop,考点4虚拟语气 c)表语和同位语从句中的虚拟语气,总结归纳：,(should) + do/be done,1. I think that worthwhile that we spent so much money on these books.2. That is hard to decide when and wh
45、ere we will held our sports meeting.3. (09天津）It is obvious to the students whether they should get well prepared for their future. 4. It doesnt matter that you will come or not.,it,It,that,whether,找出下列句子中的错误,总结归纳：,当主语从句较长，而谓语较短时，常常将从句_，而用it作为形式主语置于句首。it 也可作形式宾语。,后置,考点5 it作形式主语和形式宾语,1. _ is known to
46、us all that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing. (福建 2008) A. It B. What C. As D. Which2. He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held.（07年天津卷） A. this B. that C. it D. these,Exercises,_ is known to us all, the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.,what 表什么（无
47、选择范围）which表选择, 哪一个（有选择范围）,1. -Do you know_Miss Zhus address is ? -She may live at No. 3 or No. 4 of Xianxing road. Im not sure of _. 2. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _ it was? （01北京春季）,what,which,which,考点6 连接词 a) what / which,考点6 连接词,总结归纳：,_等同类词既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，而 _等只能引导
48、让步状语从句。,whatever,No matter what,_ you go and _you do, Ill be right here waiting for you.,wherever,whatever,No matter where,no matter what,离开房间的任何人应该把灯关掉。_ought to turn off the light.他所有的任何东西都被日本士兵站占领了。_was seized by the Japanese soldiers.,Whoever leaves the room last,Whatever he had,b) whatever /who
49、ever/无论,不管however/whomever/whichever/ ,1. （09湖南）2She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to doit takes to save her life.A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever2. _,mother will wait for him to have dinner together. A. However late he is B. However he is late C. No matter how late he is D
50、. No matter how he is late3_wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. (浙江 2008)A. Anyone B. The one C. Whoever D. Who,Exercises,That he wants to go there is obvious.I am sure that he will come tomorrow.The news that our team won the match inspired us.The result is that we won the game.,无,无,
