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1、,定语从句与名词性从句的辨析 结合已做的练习来比较,Structures,定语从句,名词性从句,n+定从n/n.phr/Ss , +定从,主从：主从+V+其他 It作形式主语,宾从：Vt/prep/adj.+宾从,表从：V系(be)+表从,同位从：n+同位从,引导词,关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as关系副词：when, where, why,连接词：that, whether/if连接代词：what, which, who, whom, whose, -ever关系副词：when, where, why, how, as if/though, bec
2、ause,定语从句,名词性从句,两种从句中都有的两个引导词的比较,定从(限): 关系代词，作成分，指人/物,名从: 连接词，不作成分，无含义,eg. She also claimed that she was hated by other women in the work place that were jealous of her beauty. (45-1),eg. I cant forget the happy time that Ive spent with my classmates and teachers. (华普四),eg. Jack is not the man that
3、he was.,定从, that,在从句中作主语,作宾语,作表语,eg. That the earth is round is true.,eg. What kids should keep in mind is that in most cases, your parents can relate to what youre going through because they were teens once. (45-18),eg. Im pleased to learn that you are learning Chinese. (江南十校),eg. There is no doubt
4、 that we benefit much from the Internet. (华普五),名从,在从句中不作成分, which,定从(限): 关系代词，作成分，指物 (单独),eg. This was my thanks to her and I handed her an inspiring smile card which mentioned to spread the kindness. (华普三),eg. Now, I learn that small mistake as it is, it can destroy the whole plan which we work on.
5、 (分科综合卷二),两种从句中都有的两个引导词的比较,作主语,作宾语,eg. A team can also score via free throws, which are worth one point. (华普四),eg. We can cook for ourselves, which is very exciting. (周报第二期),eg. Do you still remember those books which I bought last week? You can choose which (one/book) you like best., which,定从(限): 关
6、系代词，作成分，指物 (单独),名从: 连接代词，作成分(定语) (+n),(非限):关系代词，作成分，指物/句子,两种从句中都有的两个引导词的比较, as,限: 关系代词，作成分，指人/物,非限: 指代的先行词为整个句子,eg. He is such a lazy man as nobody wants to work with. (总复习书P210) eg. He is such a lazy man that nobody wants to work with him.,两种从句中各自特有的引导词,定从,状从,作宾语,不作成分,非限,as,which,eg. The living sta
7、ndard of the people in China, as is shown in the report, has improved over the past decades. (总复习书P210),eg. The living standard of the people in China has improved over the past decades , as is shown in the report.,eg. As is shown in the report, the living standard of the people in China has improve
8、d over the past decades.,位置，先行词，意义,whether,连接词，不作成分，“是否”,eg. It doesnt matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store. (总复习书P216),两种从句中各自特有的引导词,主从, how,连接副词，作状语,eg. Mom often phones me, asking how I am getting along with my studies. (总复习书216),两种从句中各自特有的引导词, as if/though,引导表语从句，用陈述或虚拟语气,
9、eg. You look as if youve had a good time.eg. He looks as if he were from the Mars.,两种从句中各自特有的引导词,as if/though 引导的表从常跟在特定的动词后，如 seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel等,what,连接代词，作成分, “什么,什么事情/东西”,eg. What is acceptable in one country may be considered extremely rude in another. (45-10),两种从句中各自特有的引导词,
10、eg. After realizing what he had done, the driver didnt stop his car but drove away quickly. (华普三),eg. I also found that success is what satisfied me. (华普二) .,eg. I have no idea what I should do next.,作主语,作宾语,作主语,作宾语,名词性从句中几组易混引导词的辨析,what,that,what,which,why,because,that,what,that,eg. What kids shoul
11、d keep in mind is that in most cases, your parents can relate to what youre going through because they were teens once. (45-18),连接代词，作成分, “什么,什么事情/东西”,连接词，不作成分, 无含义,作主语,不做成分,what,which,eg. Youll know what side effect the medicine will bring about. (周报31)eg. You can choose which one you like best fro
12、m these books.,连接代词，作定语, +n 无范围,连接代词，作定语, +n 有明确范围,why,because,eg. I was late for class this morning. Thats because I hadnt caught the earliest bus.,引导表语从句表原因,连接副词，不作成分, “为什么”，+结果,that,连接副词，不作成分, “因为”，+原因,Reason作主句主语，表语从句引导词只能用that,eg. I hadnt caught the earliest bus. Thats why I was late for class
13、this morning.,eg. The reason why I was late for class this morning is that I didnt caught the earliest bus.,原因,结果,结构相同，从句类型与引导词的选择,_ (s) + V1+其他+V2+其他 _ + V1+其他 , S+V2+其他,As,eg. Therefore, what we need to do is recognize and revise our mistakes and learn from them. (分科综合卷二),eg. What he did was (to)
14、wave at everyone who passed by. (分科综合卷三),eg. What is important is that as the earth cooled down water began to appear on its surface. (总复习P216),eg. As is known to us all, Mo Yan is a great writer.,非限,主从,2. V+ _(从句),Vt+宾从 / It +Vi+主从,eg. Now, do you know who invented the potato chip? (45-9),eg. Word
15、came that Mr. Obama would make a visit to China.,Vi+同位从,宾从,同位从,eg. It seems that she cant control herself well, just clicking constantly with the mouse. (45-15),3. prep+ _(从句),eg. Thank you for what youve said. (歙州学校10月月考),eg. Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from whom you received gif
16、ts? (2012上海),定从,宾从,(,),(,),4. n+ _(从句),eg. There is no doubt that we benefit much from the Internet. (华普五),eg. So they looked around for a soccer club that/which would be able to do this for them. (45-8),定从,同位从,定从与同位从的区别,被修饰词,性质上,引导词,定从: 名词,代词,主句的一 部分或整个句子,同位从: idea, fact, news等有一定内涵的名词,定从: 相当于adj，修
17、饰限定先行词,同位从:相当于n, 说明或解释前面的抽象性名词,定从:which 代替先行词(单独),同位从:有how, whether, what,5. It,形主,eg. It was 4 oclock when the front doorbell rang. (45-7),eg. It was at 4 oclock that the front doorbell rang.,代词 定从,强调句型,eg. It was obvious that the elephant could, at anytime, break away from their bounds but for some reason, they did not. (45-11),强调,定从,主从,Conclusion, 引导词比较（共有与特有） 结构相同，从句类型的判断,
