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1、The attributive clause,这是我的杯子这是装满茶的杯子。 这是我喝茶用的杯子。,Tips:当你用一个词不能尽情表达你想说的意思时， 就用短语； 如果短语还不能满足，就用从句。,为什么用定语从句,This is my cup.,This is the cup full of tea.,This is the cup which I drink tea with.,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后,被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词。,定语从句,先行词,关系词,定语从句的三个概念,关系词,关系代词,关系副词,that
2、, which, who, whom, whose, as,When, where, why,引导定语从句,代替先行词,在定语从句中担当一个成分,The man who is shaking handswith my father is a policeman.,A,B,C,Tomorrow I will bring here the magazine which/that you asked for.,关系词的三个功能,Step 1 判定主从句部分Step 2 判定先行词Step 3 把从句还原， 看先行词在从句中充当何成分。,选择关系词的三个步骤,1.The number of peopl
3、e _come to visit this city each year reaches one million.,2.Where is the man _ I saw this morning?,3.The book _ you introduced to me this morning is very kind.,5. Do you want to borrow the book _cover is blue?,come to visit,this city each year,I saw this morning,you introduced,to me this morning,who
4、/ that,who/ whom,which/ that/略,whose,4.I visited a scientist_ name is known all over the country.,name is known,all over the country.,whose,cover,is blue,that,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why,思考一：关系代词和关系副词如何选择？,1.The reason _he missed the speech is that he forgot the time.2.The reason_he gave us
5、sounded reasonable.3.Ill never forget the day _we spent together in Paris.4.Ill remember the day_we stayed together at that time.5.This is the factory_we visited last year.6.This is the house _Lincoln once lived.,引导词用关系代词还是用关系副词关键要看 _,即把先行词还原 到从句中看是作主语、宾语还是状语。,why,that/which,that/which,when,that/whi
6、ch,where,结论：,他们在从句中作什么成份,7.(1) He still lives in the room _window faces to the south. (2) He still lives in the room _is in the north of the city.,whose,which,8.(1)I will never forget the days _we studied together. (2)I will never forget the days _we spent together.,when,that,9.(1) The reason _he di
7、dnt come was that he was ill. (2) The reason _he explained is not true.,why,that,(1) The school _ he once studied in is very famous. The school _ he once studied is very famous.(2) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine _ you asked for. Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine _ you asked.(3) Well go to
8、 hear the famous singer _we have often talked about. Well go to hear the famous singer _ we have often talked.,that/which,in which,that/which,for which,whom/that/who,about whom,思考二：介词+关系代词中,介词如何选择?,关系代词前介词(介词which)的确定1. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms _which Im not sure. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯
9、搭配1949 was the year _which the P.R.C. was founded. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯2. Is that the newspaper _which you often write articles? 根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系,for,about,in,the newspaper,how to use these,the year,idioms,1.This is the car _which I bought last year. 2.This is the car _which I paid 100$.3.This is the car _
10、which I spent 100$.4.This is the car _which I go to work every day.5.This is the car _ which I cant go to work.6.This is the car _which the old man was knocked down.7.This is the car _which a boy threw a stone.8.This is the car _which we talked .9.This is the car _which the window was broken.,/,for,
11、on,in,without,by,at,about,of,= the window of which,= whose window,11. He loved his parents deeply, _ whom are very kind to him.(父母俩都)12. In the basket there are quite many apples, _which have gone bad.13.There are forty students in our class in all, _whom are from big cities.,both of,some of,（其中有些）,
12、most of,(他们中的大部分),启示：,1.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用_不可用who, that；关系代词指物时只可用_,不可用that.关系代词是所有格时用_。2.当先行词是表示时间，地点，原因的名词时，on / in / at / for which =_,when/ where / why,whom,which,whose,思考三：as/which有何特殊性?,This is the same pen _I bought yesterday。2. He is the same person _ gave me help yesterday.3.I want to ha
13、ve such a dictionary _he has. 4. This was so interesting a book as I cant put down.5. This was so interesting a book that I couldnt put it down.,as,as,1.先行词被 _修饰了的时候用as但 the sameas the samethat有区别,总结：,the same, such, so,that,This is the same pen _I bought yesterday。2. He is the same person _ gave me
14、 help yesterday.I want to have such a dictionary _he has.,3. _we expect, we won the game. 4._ is known to all, he is the best student in our class.2.as引导的定语从句可放在_3.as译为_。4.as 用于固定用法中,As,As,句首，句中，句末,正如，好像,5.He married her, _was natural.,as / which,6.Tom was late for school again and again, _made his
15、teacher very angry.7.Tom suddenly fell ill, _made us sad.,which,which,1.which 引导的定语从句只能放在_2.当主句和从句之间存在逻辑上的_时， 关系词往往只用which.,因果关系,结论：,句末,2.定语从句和并列句 1. I saw some trees, and the leaves of the trees were black with disease. I saw some trees, the leaves of _were black with disease.2. The professor is an
16、 ordinary-looking little man, but on his nose there is a pair of golden glasses.The professor is an ordinary-looking little man, on the nose of _there is a pair of golden glasses.,结论：是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的一个关键,which,whom,3.定语从句和状语从句 (1)This is such a big stone _no one can lift it. This is such a big ston
17、e _no one can lift. (2)Please put the letter in the drawer _ _he can easily find it. Please put the letter_he can easily find it.,结论：定语从句中的关系词在从句中要作一个成分状语从句中的引导词是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分,that,as,in which,where,(=where),7.定语从句和强调句 (1) It is in this room _I lived last year. It is the room _I lived last year. (2
18、) It was at seven oclock _he went to school this morning. It was seven oclock _he went to school this morning. (3) It was in Beihai Park where they met for the first time that the old couple told us their love story,结论：强调句句型：It is/was +被强调的成份+that/who +其它部分去掉 It is/was.that/who ,句子照样成立。而定语从句的引导词在句中要
19、作一成份。,that,where/ in which,that,when,难点五：分割定语从句,在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语。,There are many thousands of stars in the sky that are like the sun.,在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个定语。,Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace？,先行词与定语从句被谓语分隔开来。,A new master will come tom
20、orrow who will teach you German.,此时，先行词通常是句子的主语，因定语从句较长，主句谓语较短，为使句子平衡，常将定语从句移至谓语之后,many thousands of stars,one afternoon,A new master,难点四：定语从句和其它句型的转换,1.定语从句和非谓语动词： (1)There are lots of good English programmes which are shown on TV in China. There are lots of good English programmes _ on TV in China
21、.(2)At one time there were long queues of people who were waiting outside the CAAC offices. At one time there were long queues of people _ outside the CAAC offices.,结论：定语从句是主动形式，用现在分词作定语; 从句是被动形式，用过去分词。,shown,waiting,1.定语从句只能用that不用which的情况 。 只能用which不能用that的情况（见步步高P134）2.定语从句的谓语动词的单复数由_ 决定。3. the w
22、ay作先行词的引导词_ _ _4.先行词是 situation, point, case 时，关系词多用_,其它常见问题：,先行词,that,in which,省略,where,根据下列句子，完成短文。,众所周知，2008年北京将举办奥运会。英语作为一种国际语言，将会在交流中起着重要作用。作为一名高三学生，我们应抓住现在的学习机会努力学好它。只有这样，才能为奥运贡献自己的力量。,注意：要使用定语从句.,As is known to all, Beijing will host the 2008 Olympic Games . English, which is an international
23、 language , plays an important part in mmunicating with foreigners. We Senior Three students should catch this opportunity to learn it well, by which we can make our contribution to the Olympic Games.,She climbed up to the top of the hill, _she could have a good view of the whole town.,from where,Ch
24、ina is the birthplace of kites, _kiteflying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.,from where,Tom hid himself behind the door, _ he could hear the steps of his mother clearly.,from where,特例:,from where,the top of the hill,8.定语从句和同位语从句(1)The news _our volleyball team won the match made us excite
25、d.(2)The news _he told me yesterday is exciting.(3)The problem _we should answer for the accident is clear to you.(4)The problem _he asked me to solve is hard to solve.,that 引导 同位语从句，在从句中_，并且引导的句子是_，在从句中 (可/不可)省去，也不可用which 替代。That/which 引导定语从句，在从句中充当成份，作宾语时(可/不可)省去，从句起说明主句性质和特征的作用。,that,that/which/略
26、,that,that/which,不充当任成份,说明前一名词的内容,不可,可以,4.定语从句和名词性从句He did all (that) he could to help me .(2) All that can be done has been done. (3) _is known to us all, the earth turns round the sun. It is known to us all _Taiwan belongs to China.(4)_ is known to us all is that the earth is smaller than the sun.,As,that,What,(=what),(=what),结论：定语从句只起修饰作用，在主句中不但当成份名词性从句在主句中担当成分,你自己可以学会的几个问题: 关系词的省略. that 与which的区别,As,that,What,(=what),(=what),结论：定语从句只起修饰作用，在主句中不但当成份名词性从句在主句中担当成分,As 与which 引导的定语从句.特殊的where 与whose.,
