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1、Object clause（revision）,The mid-term exam is coming soon. Are you nervous?,They know the teacher.They know that the teacher is a man .,A sentence which serves as object is called Object Clause.,主语,谓语,宾语,主语,谓语,宾语从句,宾语从句是主从复合句的一种。主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的。 主句是复合句的主体，从句仅仅是主句的一个成分，它从属于主句，不能独立。从句在全句中充当什么
2、成分，就叫什么从句。宾语从句当中的从句在全句中作宾语。,了解宾语从句,一、教学任务 复习宾语从句二、重点和难点 1、由不同引导词引导的宾语从句 2、直接引语和间接引语 3、宾语从句中时态的变化,1.The girl says that the Mid-term exam is coming tomorrow.2. She asks if we are nervous.3.Many classmates ask her how she can study English well.4.The girl tells us to take it easy and work hard for it.,
3、Can you recollect the 4 different types of object clause?,引导词,陈述句(主+v/主+adj.):,特殊疑问句:,一般疑问句:,祈使句:,先_后_,(that),特殊疑问词如what/ where/ when/ who/how much/ how many.,if/whether,tell/ask sb.(not) to do.,主,谓,语序,时态,宾语从句三要素,主句为现在时，从句的时态根据_而定。 主句为过去时，从句的时态用_时态。,实际情况,相应的过去,宾语从句的连接词：,3.从句的时态必须和主句保持一致。,注意：,Each st
4、udent writes 1 sentence.,Students 1: write a declarative sentence.（陈述句） e.g. We are going to have an exam.Students 2: write a wh-question.（特殊疑问句） e.g. What are you talking about?Student3:. write a yes-or-no question.(一般疑问句）e.g. Are you a singer?Student 4: write an imperative sentence.（祈使句）e.g. Stand
5、 up.,25,Write as you like!,Add them to the beginning to your sentence and report to us!,Students 1: I know that. Students 2: Can you tell me wh-. e.g.Can you tell me what you are talking about.Student 3:I want to know if/whether. e.g.I want to know if you are a singer. Student 4: I ask sb. to .,别忘了先
6、主后谓的语序,The teacher asked I was late today.Do you still remember he said in the meeting?Do you know they are waiting for?Can you tell me country you are from, America or England?I really want to know your hometown is.No one knows they opened the box.,what, which, who, whom, when, why, where, how, wha
7、tever, whoever,why,what,whom/who,which,where,how,2.Who/whoever/no matter who,Who引导的名词性从句含有疑问意义Whoever不含有疑问意义=anyone whoNo matter who只能引导让步状语从句Eg. Whoever broke the window should be punished.Whoever/no matter who broke the window, he should be punished.Who broke the window is still a question.,correc
8、t our mistakes,曾老师问他为什么迟到了。Miss Zeng asked why was he late for school.( 集英社）2. 我不知道他昨天做了什么事情。I dont know what did he do yesterday.（Warm Home)3.晏主任问她怎么了。Director Yan asked what the matter was with her.(方嘉燕小组）4. 何老师说过月亮绕着地球转。Miss He said that the moon moved round the earth.(Modesty）,5.她告诉儿子要努力学习。 She
9、tells her son he must study hard.（多拉A梦）6. 我有信心你们明天一定考得好。Im confident that you will do well in the exam tomorrow. (无名小组）7. 他们不确定明天是否转冷。They are uncertain that if it will turn cold or not tomorrow.(农夫小组）,1. Miss Zeng asked why was he late for school.( 集英社） 语序必须先主语后谓语。 主句为过去时，从句的时态用相应的过去时态。2. I dont kn
10、ow what did he do yesterday.（Warm Home),he was,a.宾语从句的助动词要去掉. 主句为现在时，从句出现yesterday的过去时间，因此从句用过去时。,he did,3. Director Yan asked what the matter was with her.(方嘉燕小组）4. Miss He said that the moon went round the earth.(Modesty）,what was the matter with her,goes,从句内容为真理时，从句的时态用一般现在时。,what在这里既做引导词，也做主语。仍用
11、疑问句语序。who., which is同理。,5. She tells her son he should study hard.（多拉A梦）,tell sb. to do sth./tell sb. not to do sth.,to,6. Im confident that you will do well in the exam tomorrow.(无名小组）,whether,b.只能用whether:(1)与 or not连用(2) 不定式前：whether + to do(3) 介词 + whether ,7. They are uncertain that if it will
12、turn cold or not tomorrow.(农夫小组）,主语+形容词，宾语从句用that引导.,a.宾语从句不能同时用两个引导词。,Attention,I asked her _ she had a bike.Were worried about _ he is safe. I dont know _ he has recovered or not.He cant decide to stay.,if / whether,whether,whether,whether,whether or if ?,Let me know _ you can come or not. I wonde
13、r _ I can get some advice from you.I dont know _to accept or refuse.,whether,whether/if,whether,如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时， 过去完成时）,I knew who lived here. I saw she was talking with her mother. He asked whether his father would come back the next day. He said
14、 that he had seen it .,How about this?,Our teacher told us (that) light travels faster than sound in yesterdays class.我小时候妈妈就告诉我太阳从东方升起。上周老师教我们1加1等于2。,3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理 时用_。,The teacher said that the sun travels around the earth . （travel),一般现在时态,1could / would是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。,注意
15、事项,Could you please tell me where we _our tickets ? (show)Would you like to know when he _ back ? (come),show,will come,3.Suggest 后的宾语从句：I suggest (that) he (should) go to see the doctor tomorrow. (go),(4)He taught me how to surf.He taught me how _ _surf.(5)The foreigners want to know how they can l
16、earn Chinese well.The foreigners want to know _ _learn chinese well.,I could,how to,(4)Could you tell me where I should show the tickets. Could you tell me _ _ _the tickets.(5)I wondered whether I could go. I wondered _ _go.,where to show,whether to,2).that在宾语从句中的省略与保留a.在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that 从句(真正宾语
17、) 的句型中不省略. eg: We must make it clear that we mean what we say.b.由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that 不省略.eg: He told me（ that） he would come and that he would come on time.c.当that作介词except, in等宾语时They believe in that she must still be single.I know nothing about him except that he is living in Beijing.,
18、3. 若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。,Eg. I dont think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。 I dont think you are right. 我认为你是错的。I dont believe you will finish the work today. 我认为你今天无法完成工作。,若谓语动词为hope，宾语从句中的否定词不能转移,I hope it
19、doesnt rain. 我希望不要下雨。 I hope you dont mind my saying it. 我希望你别介意我说这些话。,Its not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street. 在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。(anyone 作主语，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。),按英语习惯，anyone只能出现在否定词之后，不能出现在否定词之前。,Dont tell anyone, will you? 你可不要告诉任何人哟。I dont know anyone at
20、 this party. 这晚会上我一个人也不认识。 I dont want to waste anyones time. 我不想浪费任何人的时间。,有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。如： The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。(否定状语),He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. 他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。(否定because状语),risttl,She had not been marr
21、ied many weeks when that mans younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty. 她结婚还不到几个月，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌着了迷。(否定状语many weeks),宾语从句的简化的 六种方法,方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope， decide，wish， choose， agree， promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。,Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. Li Ming hopes to be back
22、very soon. We decided that we would help him. We decided to help him.,方法二：当主句谓语动词是know， learn，remember， forget， tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。,She has forgotten how she can open the window. She has forgotten how to open the window.,注：当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，
23、宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。,Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ Could you tell me how to get to the station？,方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。,The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. The headmaster ordered us to start at once.,方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句
24、，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。,He insisted that he shouldgo with us. He insisted on going with us. The poor boy doesnt knowwhen and where he was born. The poor boy doesnt know the Time and the place of his birth.,方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。,Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the
25、ground. Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.,方法六：动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。,It seemed that the boys were going to win. The boys seemed to win.,除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。,I found that it was difficult to learn English well. I found it difficult to learn English well.,Soon we found tha
26、t the ground was covered with thick snow. Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.,They found that the box was very heavy. They found the box very heavy.,I dont remember that I haveEver seen such a man. I dont remember having ever seen such a man.我记得从未见过这样一个人,注意一: I wish 后的宾语从句:,翻译:1.我多希望我是
27、一只小鸟。2.我希望我昨天能去看那场电影。3.我希望明年我就能大学毕业。(graduate),1. I wish (that) I were a little bird.2. I wish (that) I could have gone to see the movie yesterday.3. I wish (that) I could graduate from college next year.,I wish.1.表示与现在事实相反的愿望,宾语从句中谓语动词形式为 were / did2.表示与过去事实相反的愿望,宾语从句中谓语动词形式为 had done 或 could/would
28、 have done3.表示与将来事实相反的愿望,宾语从句中谓语动词形式为 should/ would/might do,注意二:在动词insist(坚持), order ,command (命令)advise, propose, suggest (建议),demand(要求), request, require (请求)等后面的宾语从句中谓语动词要用(should) do,1.他坚持我们应该在9:00之前完成作业。2.经理要求每人每天要按时上班。3.老师建议我们每天早上听英语。,Answers:1.He insisted that we (should) finish thehomework
29、 before 9:00.2.The manager demands that everyone(should) go to work on time every day.3.The teacher suggests that we (should)listen to English every morning.,当主句的谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect等时，从句的否定要转移到主句中。I dont think she is right.,我认为她不对。,我相信他不会通过考试。,注意三：否定转移,I dont believe he will pass th
30、e exam.,四、否定转移 在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think， believe, guess, suppose等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定式。 eg: (5)I dont think he will come with you. 注意：这种句子在其后接附加问句时，要特别小心。 eg: (6) I dont believe he has finished the work, _? (7) He knew why Jim wasnt at school , _? 解析：例6，当主句的主语为第一人称
31、时，附加问句的主语由宾 语从句的主语充当。 例7，如果主句的主语非第一人称时，则附加问句的主语 由主句的主语充当。,has he,didnt he,中考链接,语言知识运用,A,B,C,D,1. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see_. A. who is he B. who he isC. who is it D. who it is 2. Can you make sure _ the gold ring? A. where Alice had putB. where had Alice put C. where Alice has putD
32、. where has Alice put,即时练习,1. - Can you make sure _? - Sorry, I cant. But I saw her just now. A. where did she go B. where she had gone C. where she has gone D. where will she go 2. I wanted to know _. A. what did she say B. why does she go to bed late C. why she went to bed late D. why she goes to
33、bed late,C,C,3. He is not sure _ to watch TV or go to bed. A. if B. whether C. that D. /4. I dont know _ he will come or not. A. if B. whether C. that D. /,B,B,5. - I dont know if he _ to Kates birthday party. - Hes sure to go if he _. A. goes, knows B. will go, knows C. goes, will know D. go, know6
34、.She asked the doctor _ keep healthy.A. how to B. how could sheC. how she could D. how can she,B,是否,假如,A.C,宾语从句与特殊疑问词+不定式可互换。,how to do it 与 what to do 的区别,D,7. - Could you tell me _ ? - Its next to the post office. A. where the supermarket is B. where is the supermarket C. where was the supermarket
35、 D. where the supermarket was,A,could表示委婉的语气,不是过去时,8. Could you tell me _ it.A. what can I do B. how can I do C. what to do D. how to do,特殊用法5,9. Mike_ bullying others _. thinks, isnt right think, isnt rightdont think, is right.doesnt think, is right,若从句为否定句，主句谓语是 think ,believe , guess ,suppose 等词时
36、,要否定前移,D,高考链接,（09海南） Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales please? A. who B. what C. whoever D. whatever（10四川）How much one enjoys himself traveling depends largely on _ he goes with, whether his friends or relatives. A. what B. who C. how D. why,(10全国) We havent discussed yet _ we are
37、 going to place our new furniture. A. that B. which C. what D. where(10湖南) Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew _ she was so angry. A. where B. whether C. that D. why,(10上海) When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know _
38、. A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is entering C. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering,(11北京) Bob has gone to California. - Oh, can you tell me when he _? A. has left B. left C. is leaving D would leave(11山东) Weve offered her the job, but I dont know_ shell accept it A
39、. where Bwhat C. whether D. which,19. Could you show me _ ? A. how can I get to the station B. where is the station C. how could I get to the station D. how I can reach the station20. Please tell me _. A. what does he like B. what he does like C. what he likes D. what he like21. My sister told him _
40、 . A. what day was it B. when the train arrived C. who she was waiting D. where did you live,C,B,D,Guess: Who is the pretty girl? Where is she in the photo?,Theres an email from my friend Jingjing in the USA to me last week. But I havent read it. Can you report what she said then tell Ms Zeng. Ok?,D
41、ear Ivy,I miss you and all the friends. How is Liu Congs new born baby? Im living a peaceful life with my husband in NewYork. Have great changes taken place in GZ before the Asian Game? I will go back to GZ on Nov,5. Wait for my call,ok?Jing Jing,Miss Zeng,Jing Jing said that _. She asked how_. She told you that _.Jingjing wanted to know if_.She said that_ and asked you to_.,别忘了把I改为she, my改为her注意时态,Homework,1. Review the object clause.2. Go over carefully.3.Report Jingjings email to Ms Zeng in the student sheet.Thank you for listening! Good bye!,
