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1、Company name,辅音连缀 (Consonant Clusters),在一个音节中，两个或三个以上相邻的辅音连在一起发音的情况，叫辅音连缀。辅音连缀中间不能停顿，它们在拼读时不能分开。连缀中的第一个辅音读得轻而短促，一带而过，之间不能加元音/。辅音连缀可以出现在词首、词中和词尾，也出现在短语中间(其实不完全爆破等也是一种辅音连缀)。掌握好辅音连缀是通向地道口语大门的重点之一。,1.首辅音连缀,(1) 摩擦音/s/后加爆破音/p/t/k/中的任何一个所构成的辅音连缀，即/sp/st/sk/中的/p/t/k/不送气，连缀之间不加任何元音。/s/发音时轻而短促; /p/t/k/发音时长而响亮
2、。,a) /s/+/p/: /s/发音时轻而短促，/P/发音时长而响亮。,例如: speak; special,l) Will you speak up? I cant hear you?,2) My mother is a special person in my life.,b) /s/+/t/: /s/发音时轻而短促，/t/发音时长而响亮。,例如: stop; story,1) Stop talking and listen to me!,2 ) Its a long story.说来话长/一言难尽。,c) /s/+/k/: /s/发音时轻而短促，/k/发音时长而响亮。,例如: skat
3、e; ski; sky,1) A: Lets go skating.,B: I cant skate at all.,2) A: Mike, can you ski?,B: Yes, I can. But not very well.,3) The sky is getting very cloudy.,(2) 在摩擦音/s/后加鼻辅音/m/n/、舌侧音/l/、半元音/w/j/时，/m/n/l/w/j/要失去部分浊音。/s/发音时轻而短促，/m/n/l/w/j/发音时长而响亮。,a) /s/+/m/: /s/发音时轻而短促，/m/ 发音时长而响亮。,例如: smart; small,l) He
4、s a smart buisinessman.,2) Its a small world.,b) /s/+/n/: /s/发音时轻而短促，/n/发音 时长而响亮。,例如: snow; snap; snake,1) His shirt is as white as snow.,2) There is no snap left in him.,3) His behavior showed him to be a snake.,c) /s/+/w/: /s/发音时轻而短促，/w/发 音时长而响亮。,例如: sweet; sweat; swear,l) No sweet without sweat.没
5、有勤劳的劳动就没有甜蜜的收获。,2) I swear Ill never tell anyone.,d) /s/+/l/: /s/发音时轻而短促，/i/发音时长而响亮。,例如: sleep; slight; slim; slow,1) Did you sleep well last night?,2) I have a slight fever.,3) He slighted my efforts.,(3) 爆破音/p/t/k/b/d/g/与/l/r/w/j/构成的辅音连缀发音时，爆破音必须十分轻而短促。当爆破音发音时，第二个辅音的发音已经做好了准备，即爆破音的爆破音与第二个辅音的发音同时进行
6、。这是掌握好这一类辅音连缀的关键。,(4) 词首三个辅音连缀在口语中的读音技巧 /sp/st/sk/中的一个加/l/r/w/j/中的一个，发音时应注意，第一个摩擦音/s/读得短而轻，第二个摩擦音/p/t/k/不送气或少送气并与第三个辅音同事进行完成发音，/l/r/w/j/失去部分浊音。三个辅音之间不能加元音/。例如：,a) /spl-/: split, splash,l) My trousers split when I sat down.,2) Dont splash me; I dont want to get wet.,b) /spr-/: spring; spread,1) When
7、people say unkind thing about her husband, she springs to his defense.,2) The rumor quickly spread through the village.,c) /str-/: strict; stream,l) Our teacher is strict; we have to do what she says.,2) Tears streamed down her cheeks.,d) /stj-/: stupid,1) How stupid of him to ask such a question.,2
8、) This book is so stupid. I dont want to finish it.,3) The students streamed into the stadium.,e) /skw-/: square,1) The fighters squared off against each other.,2) They gave us a square deal.,f) /skr-/: screech; scrub; screw,l) “Leave me alone!” he screeched.,2) Dont forget to scrub behind your ears
9、.,3) He screwed the facts to suit his own purposes.,2. 尾辅音连缀 英语的尾辅音连缀包含两个辅音，有少数包含三个辅音 (例如:next ,against )。包含两个辅音的尾辅音连缀有如下三种情况:,1) /l/加/p/t/k/b/d/t/d/ /m/n/f/v/s/。,b) /n/加/t/d/s/t/d/。,3) /s/加/p/r/k/中的一个。,/-sp/ grasp; /-st/ west; /-sk/ ask,此外，常见的尾辅音连缀还有/-pt/-kt/-ks/-mp/-mf/-k/-ps/,3.词尾辅音连缀在口语中的读音技巧,1)
10、 名词复数的读音技巧。英语规则名词的复数是名词后面字母加s或es，词尾-s，-es的发音规则为,a) -s，-es在清辅音后发/s/,b) -s，-es在元音和浊辅音后发/z/,c) -es在/s/z/t/d/后发/iz/,2) 词尾/t/除外的清辅音+/s/的辅音连缀在口语中发音时，词尾清辅音在口语中读得轻而短，/s/读得稍重稍长;即:s在清辅音后读作/s/。,a) I borrowed two books from the library.,b) Do you usually judge people by their looks?,c) He likes to gamble.,3) 词尾
11、/d/除外的浊辅音+/s/读辅音连缀在口语中发音,词尾/d/除外的浊辅音+/s/的辅音连缀在口语中发音时，词尾清辅音在口语中读得轻而短，/s/读得稍重稍长;即:s在浊辅音后读作/z/。,a) I finally got the job of my dreams.,b) Tell me all about your troubles.,c) Congratulations on your new job.,bend+s=bends 潜函病ask+ed=asked 请bronze+d=bronzed 褐色，古铜色,4.词尾三个辅音连缀在口语中的发音技巧,有些单词的词尾已有辅音连缀/-ft/-st/
12、-ld/-nd/-nz/-ks/-ps/-sk/等，如再加/s/z/t/d/，则形成三个辅音的连缀。,英语首辅音连缀,发音方法:,/tr/,/dr/,发首辅音连缀/tr/时，软腭抬起，舌尖抵上齿龈后部以形成阻碍，发音时舌尖以发/r/音的动作解除阻碍，使爆破清辅音/t/与/r/几乎同时发出，形成/tr/。发辅音连缀/dr/时，软腭抬起，舌尖抵上齿龈后部以形成阻碍，发音时，使爆破浊辅音/d/与/r/几乎同时发出，形成/dr/。,/tr/,a tree,a train,a trip,/dr/,a dress,a dream,a drink,a driver,drunk,对话演练 (dialogues
13、),1) A: What can I do for you?,B: Well，Ill join a make-up party，so I want to dress my hair strangely.,A: No problem. The hairdresser is coming. But your hair is very dry, lets have a try to,B: No, thanks. I just want to dress my hairstyle at once.,2) A: Its too dreadful that so many people are crowd
14、ing the train.,B: Yes. And the traffic is too bad.,A: My clothes are creased badly.,B: But why not dress yourself casually?,脱口而出(Speak out),1) Why dont you give it a try, climb the tree to get your ball?,2) This dress is very fashionable. Wont you have a try!,3) There are several hundred people on t
15、he train.,4) I saw a lot of treasure in my dream.,英语尾辅音连缀,发音方法:,/ts/,/dz/,发尾辅音连缀/ts/时，舌尖贴住上齿龈，堵住气流，然后略微下降，气流随之泄出口腔，产生/ts/。发辅音/dz/时，舌尖先贴住上齿龈，堵住气流，然后略微下降，气流随之泄出口腔，产生/dz/。这两个辅音主要出现在以t/d结尾的单词加字母s时。,/ts/,coats,jets,pets,seats,/dz/,beds,ads,goods,hands,对话演练 (dialogues),1) A: What ads do you prefer?,B: Som
16、e humorous ads.,A: Well, this magazine could meet your needs.,B: Oh, really. It has lots of humorous ads. Thanks.,2) A: Do you like keeping pets?,B: Yes, I have two cats and one of them will have several kids next week.,A: In that case, youll have another several new cats.,B: Yes. There might be thr
17、ee or four.,B: Well, Ill make a list for you.,A: I would like to have one of your new cats.,B: No problem.,A: Oh, I must prepare some pets things.,脱口而出(Speak out),1) Some people like keeping pets.,2) Its raining cats and dogs.下着倾盆大雨。,3) I bought a pair of boots.,4) Im going to visit my parents on th
18、e holidays.,5) Words are the key to beautiful English.,9) False friends are worse than open enemies.,6) They had words but were reconciled later.,7) Between friends all is shared.朋友之间不分彼此。,8) Old friends and old wine are best.,Tongue Twisters,Just think, that Sphinx has a sphincter that stinks!,John, where Molly had had “had”, had had “had had”. “Had had” had had the teachers appoval.,知识回顾Knowledge Review,祝您成功！,
