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1、Insulation Requirement According to IEC60950,安規距離計算-1 直線及沿面,直線距離：Clearance distance = CL定義：任何可能之最短路徑，且CLCR。沿面距離：Creepage distance = CR定義：攀爬物體表面之最短路徑。,安規距離計算-1.1 直線及沿面,如果導體之間利用絕緣作為阻隔，但是在無法確保兩個不同物質間之連結性，故其CL/CR的計算方式如下：利用開槽來延伸CR，則X必須大於1 mm，例：,安規距離計算-2 工作電壓決定距離AC to DC Product, =150Vac,CL：輸入電壓150Vac的產品，
2、例如輸入為100-127Vac，其基準值為：B/I = 1.0mm R/I = 2.0mm；若Peak電壓高於210Vpk，則必須加上其額外值！如右圖：例：Vpk=302，則B/I = 1.0 + 0.2 = 1.2 mmR/I = 2.0 + 0.4 = 2.4 mm,安規距離計算-3 工作電壓決定距離AC to DC Product, =300Vac,CL：輸入電壓150Vac 300Vac的產品，例如輸入為100-127Vac/200-240Vac or 100-240Vac，其基準值為：B/I = 2.0mm R/I = 4.0mm；若Peak電壓高於420Vpk，則必須加上其額外值！
3、 如右圖：例：Vpk=604，則B/I = 2.0 + 0.3 = 2.3 mmR/I = 4.0 + 0.6 = 4.6 mm,安規距離計算-4 工作電壓決定距離DC to DC Product, =210Vdc,CL：輸入210Vdc的DC to DC Converter，例如輸入為36 to 75Vdc，則基準值為：B/I = 1.0mm R/I = 2.0mm；如右圖：例：Vdc=96，則B/I = 1.0 mmR/I = 2.0 mm,安規距離計算-5 操作高度與直線距離之關係,依據研究及IEC60664-1的規範，越高海拔的大氣壓力越小，所以必須加長直線距離，用以符合原始所需之安規
4、要求，如下圖，以海拔10,000英呎(3,048公尺)為例，最終直線距離CL必須乘上海拔係數1.15倍。,安規距離計算-6 工作電壓決定距離Creepage (CR): 沿面距離,沿面距離可使用線性內插法。,！點入試算,安規距離計算-6.1 線性內插法。,內插法通常定義爲根據”二個已知值估計出中間值”。線性內插法在二個已知資料點間畫一條直線，新的資料點就位於這條直線上，具體位置要根據其值與二個端點之一的接近程度確定。,例如: Vrms = 280時,沿面距離為3.0mm.,總結A.CL要依據以下來確定:絕緣類型INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE;WORKING VOLTAGE (Vpeak
5、);Pollution Degree;(Delta select Pollution Degree 3.);Altitude;計算方法:CL=A+B (A: Minimum value from Table 2H, according to the mains voltage; B: Additional value from Table 2J, according to the actual peak working voltage,A,B取值應看大)B.CR 要依據以下來確定:絕緣類型;WORKING VOLTAGE (Vrms);Pollution Degree;(Delta selec
6、t Pollution Degree 2.);Material Group;計算方法:利用Table 2L已知兩點列直線方程求中間點.,Safety Requirements for Transformers,Construction- Materials - Insulation - MarkingsPerformance- Temperature - Abnormal Tests Electric Strength Test,1,Requirements of Construction - Materials,UL/CSA - Appropriate Insulation System s
7、hall be adopted - UL R/C according to UL1446- Depending on temperature performance requirement of different applications (Class B, Class F, etc.)- Materials limited to the Insulation System Other Certifiers No “Insulation System” requirement Classification of insulation materials according to IEC 60
8、085 Material of the lowest temperature rating dominates UL R/C materials accepted, e.g. tapes, bobbins.,Requirements of Construction Materials (cond),Requirements of Construction Insulation,General Based on Working Voltage- Clearance: (based on Vpk) A = Minimum value from Table 2H(page29), according
9、 to the mains voltage B = Additional value from Table 2J(page30), according to the actual peak working voltage Required clearance = A + B Example: 1. Equipment rated 100-240 Vac 2. Measured maximum working voltage 600 VpkA = 4 mm, B = 0.6 mmDetermined clearance = 4.6 mmException: If working environm
10、ent of altitude above 2000 m is specified, Annex G shall be considered.,Requirements of Construction Insulation (cond),Example of Creepage Determination:1. Measured working voltage = 360 Vrms2. Pollution Degree 23. Material Group IIRequired creepage distance = 2X From Table 2L: (400 300)/(2.8-2.2) =
11、 (360 300)/(X-2.2)X = 2.56 2.6 Required creepage = 5.2 mm,Requirements of Construction Insulation (cond),Wound Components Triple-Insulated Wires- Minimum 3 construction layers shall apply for Reinforced Insulation Passes Annex U tests (Insulated Winding Wires for Use Without Interleaved Insulation)
12、Where two wires cross each other at an angle between 45 - 90 , an additional physical separation shall be provided, e.g. by sheet material. 45 - 90,Requirements of Construction Insulation (cond),Core Usually considered as “floating” all surrounding components shall keep Basic/Supplementary Insulatio
13、n from core. Some considered as primary/secondary all components on opposite side shall keep Reinforced Insulation from core.,Requirements of Construction Marking,Company name or trade mark “E115982”Factory Location “DCGM” “DET” “DEIC” “DEIT” “DCWM”System Designation “MP-130B” “MP-130G” “MP-130I” etc.,
