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1、Survey of the U.S.,2,The U.S.A,3,contents,Part one: GeographyPart two: History,4,Geography,Chapter I: a general introduction Chapter II: populationChapter III: the fifty StatesChapter IV: the development of American EconomyChapter V: the main cities,5,History,Chapter I: colonization of North America
2、Chapter II: the American War of IndependenceChapter III: the growth of the NationChapter IV: the American Civil WarChapter V: the U.S Imperialism & WWI Chapter VI: America Before & During WWIIChapter VII: The postwar America,6,The Names for the country & the people,the United States of America the U
3、SA the United States the U.S. America Uncle Sam Brother Jonathan Yank (Yankee).,7,The National Flag & Anthem,1. National Flag: the Star-Spangled Banner: Meaning: the 50 white stars the 13 stripes 2. National Anthem the star-spangled banner 星条旗永不落,8,The National Emblem,1. the flying white eagle 2. th
4、e crown 3.13 stars 4. olive-branch and arrows5. a yellow ribbon e pluribus Unum6. national flag,9,7. the white eagle / American eagle strength courage freedom immortal “the king among birds”. 8. the Emblem stands for: Independence courage power,10,Part I Physical Geography Chapter I: a general intro
5、duction 1. Three Geographical Divisions2. The three Major River Systems3. Climate4. Natural Resources5. Territory,11,Location,12,Total area: 9.37 m sq.km the 4th largest countryPopulation: 300 millionConsists of: 50 states a federal district - the District of Columbia,13,Topography.,14,Scenic spots
6、in the west.,1. The Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming;2. The Grand Canyon, Arizona; 3. Yosemite National Park, California;4. Redwoods forests along the coastline; 5. The Death Valley, California;,15,2.the Three Major River System & the five Great Lakes.,1) the Gulf system: 2) the Atlantic system: 3
7、) the Pacific system: 4) the Great Lakes,16,The Gulf System: 1. the Mississippi River 2. two main tributaries: Missouri & Ohio,17,The Atlantic System:1) Hudson River2) Dalaware River3) the Potomac River4) St. Lawrence River,18,The Pacific System: 1) Columbia River 2) Colorado River,19,The Great Lake
8、s,Lake SuperiorLake MichiganLake HuronLake Erie Lake Ontario,S,M,E,H,O,20,3.Climate,1) The main feature: varied temperate zone & mild subtropical zone2) From East to West:A. Northeast coast & the Great Lakes areas: temperate B. Southeast & the Gulf plain: subtropic,21,C. The Central plain: continent
9、al climate D. the western plateaus: E. the Pacific coastal areas: F. Alaska: G. Hawaii:,22,3) Disastrous weather 1) Hurricane 2) tornado 3) snowstorm,23,4. Natural resources,rich in deposits: forestry: water power:,24,Rich deposits,1. fuel: coal oil natural gas2. Ferrous & Nonferrous metals: iron or
10、e copper zinc:,25,forestry1. 1/4 of the territory;2. Northwestern pacific coast: 90%3. The North:4. The South:,26,Water resources,Columbia River & Colorado River: the Ohio river The Great Lakes & St Lawrence River:,27,Territory,The expansion of its Territory.,28,Chapter II Population,The composition
11、 of the population:The distribution of population:The characteristics of the population:,29,1.Complex composition: 1) The native American 2) The white: 80% 3) The black: 4) Mexicans: 5) Puerto Ricans 6) Japanese, Philippines, Chinese,30,2.The uneven distribution: 1) Atlantic coastal areas: 2) the fi
12、ve Great Lakes 3) the Pacific coast; 4) the Gulf of Mexico3. The characteristics of the population:1) diversity- cultural pluralism 2) uniformity (assimilation) language habits & ways of living ideas, ideals and objectives - a “Melting Pot”,31,1. The New England Region: 2. The Middle Atlantic Region
13、: 3. The South Region: 4. The Midwest Region 5. the Region of the Great Plain 6. the West Region: 7. Alaska 8. Hawaii 9. Overseas colonies*,Chapter III the Fifty States,32,The New England Region:Six statesMaineNew HampshireVermontMassachusettsConnecticutRhode Island,Maine,N H,Vermont,Massachusetts,C
14、onnecticut,R I,33,The Middle Atlantic Region: 6 states New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Maryland Delaware West Virginia,N,NJ,NY,PA,WV,Delaware,M,34,The South Region: 11states Virginia North & South Carolina Georgia Florida Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Arkansas Mississippi Louisiana,Vir,S C,N C,Geo,Flo
15、,Ala,Mis,Tennes,Kentucky,Louis,Arkan,35,The Midwest Region: 8 states Ohio Michigan Indiana Illinois Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa Missouri,Ohio,Michigan,Indiana,Illinois,Wisconsin,Minnesota,Iowa,Missouri,36,The Region of the Great Plains: 6 states North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas Oklahoma Texas,
16、37,The West Region the mountain states: 4 the great plateau states: 4 the Pacific Coast states: 3,38,the mountain states: 4 Montana Wyoming Colorado New Mexico,Montana,Wyoming,Colorado,New Mexico,39,the great plateau states: 4 Idaho Utah Nevada Arizona,Idaho,Utah,Nevada,Arizona,40,the Pacific Coast
17、states: 3WashingtonOregonCalifornia,Wa,Or,Ca,41,7. Alaska,42,Hawaii,43,9. Overseas Colonies: Guam Eastern Samoa Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands,44,Chapter III American Economy,1.Major factors contribute to the U.S. fast economic growth:2. Agriculture3. Industry4. Main characteristics,45,1. What a
18、re the major factors contribute to the U.S. fast economic growth? geographic: historic: governmental:,46,2. American Agriculture 1) worlds leading exporter of agricultural products2) highly modernized and intensified3) an important sector in national economy 4) major crops,47,3. Industry1) the leadi
19、ng industrial country in the world;2) Major industries: p284. Main features of its economy1) Highly monopolized featuring big corporations p272) Small enterprises are very important and essential p 28,48,Chapter IV the Main Cities,1. Washington D.C. 7. Houston2. New York City 8. San Francisco3. Chic
20、ago 9. Boston4. Los Angeles 10. Pittsburgh5. Philadelphia 11. St. Louis6. Detroit,49,Washington D.C.1.The position the capital the headquarters of all the branches of the American federal system2. location.3. the name: 4. the Capital Hill, the Capitol. & the White House.,50,5. Places of interestThe
21、National Mall.The Washington MonumentThe Library of CongressThe National Air and Space Museum the Lincoln Memorial Jefferson Memorial Potomac River,51,The map of Washington D.C.,n,52,Capitol.,53,The National Mall.,54,The National Air and Space Museum,55,Lincoln Memorial by Potomac River,56,Jefferson
22、 Memorial.,57,Washington Monument by Potomac River,58,Map of New York,59,The Statue of Liberty,60,Wall Street,61,World Trade Center,62,Broadway,63,Time Square:,64,Rockefeller Center,65,Guggenheim Museum,66,Metropolitan Museum of Art,67,Bronx Zoo,68,Greenwich Village,69,Washington Arch in Washington
23、Square:,70,The Fifth Avenue,71,Madison Street,72,Chicago,1. location2. Position3. History,73,Los Angeles,1. location:2. Position: 3rd largest city: - shipping, industry, communication center - aviation center: - electronic center - film center:,74,75,Philadelphia.,1. Location2. Position 1) historic
24、significance - the birthplace of the nation - “the city of brotherly love” - major historical spots: 2) commerce, finance & culture center,76,Detroit,1. Lies on the Detroit river between Lake Huron & Erie 2. “ the motor city”,77,HoustonSpace City of U.S.A,location position -industrial centre of the
25、South West -space city - Agriculture center,78,San Francisco,79,Locationposition- principal gateways to the East- chief port and financial center- birthplace of the UN organization- largest Chinese settlement,80,Boston,1. location 2. position - a major seaport - a city with glorious history - larges
26、t market of wool, shoe & leather industries - famous universities,81,Pittsburgh,Upper part of Ohio RiverSteel city,82,St.Louis,location position - gateway to the West - 2nd largest motor city -with highly modernized & specialized industries - rich in natural resources - inland navigation & transport
27、ation center - international trade & financial center history,83,Part II American History,Chapter I: Colonization of North AmericanChapter II: the American war of IndependenceChapter III: the Growth of the NationChapter IV: the American Civil WarChapter V: the U.S. Imperialism and the WWIChapter VI:
28、 America Before & During the WWIIChapter VII: The Post America,84,Chapter I: Colonization of North America1607-1776,1. Native American2. the discovery of America3. colonization of North America,85,1. Native American,Originated from AsiaNameLived in tribes with kinship as the basis:Good at decorative
29、 art:Lived on hunting and farmingMajor crops:,86,1. two important figures: Christopher Columbus* Amerigo Vespucci*,2. The discover of America,87,3. Colonization of North America1) the early explorations:A. the Spanish exploration,88,B. English exploration:Henry VII (15th C) Elizabeth age - Francis D
30、rake the first successful colony Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607; the eastern shores of the present U.S.,89,C. French exploration St. Lawrence river, the great lakes, the whole Mississippi valley the first permanent colony : Quebec: D. Dutch explorations: Hudson River Manhattan,90,French exploration &
31、English exploration.,91,2) The founding of the Thirteen Colonies: A. Reasons that drew people to America: in search of wealth priests spreading Christianity refuge for political dissenters the thirst for adventure,92,B. Three sections: the southern colonies: the middle colonies: the north colonies:,
32、93,The original 13 colonies,94,Middle colonies.,95,The Puritan,Arose in late 16th C;Purify the corruptions in Roman Catholic Church as well as ones life and name;Simplify Catholic ceremoniesLook upon fun & pleasure as sinfulIntolerant in natureGreat influence on both Britain & the U.S.,96,The Pilgri
33、ms and the Mayflower,Plymouth, Massachusetts, 1620,97,1. The origin: Plymouth, Massachusetts, Nov 21, 1621. A national holiday in 18632. Intention and manner of celebration: - churches open to give thanks for Gods generosity - Thanksgiving dinner: - Thanksgiving parade:3. A day of celebration and fa
34、mily reunion,Thanksgiving,98,3) Colonial Life A. everyday life: shelter: caves, log cabin: clothing: simple and rough: food: plentiful B. Education: - New England - the southern colonies - Harvard in 1636 &Yale in 1701,99,C. Religion - Congregationalists church - Episcopal - various other sectsD. Go
35、vernment: a governor in each colony represents the King * call the legislature: * appoint officers * commander of the colony “militia”.,100,Chapter II The War of Independence,1.The contradiction between Britain& colonies2. The Unity of the colonies3. The fire of Lexington and the Declaration of Inde
36、pendence4. Progress of the war& its Significance5. The Confederation & the Constitution,101,1.The Contradictions:1) growing population & wealth results in less dependence on England2) Britains economic exploitation & strict policies A. the Stamp Act B. the Townshend Acts3) resistance and repealing o
37、f the Acts:4) the Boston Massacre & committees of correspondence5) the Boston “Tea Party”& “Intolerable Act”,102,2. the Unity of the colonies: 1) supplies to Boston people after the “Intolerable Acts” 2) the first Continental Congress,1774 3) preparations for war -collection for arms & ammunition -
38、training militia,103,3. The Fire of Lexington & the Declaration of Independence 1) the first shots, 1775 2) the Second Continental Congress: - continental Amy & Navy under the command of George Washington - assume the function of a national government,104,3) drafting - explain the philosophy behind
39、the revolution: B. significance: - marked the birth of a new nation: the United States,105,* men have a natural right to “life, liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness”* governments can rule only with “the consent of the governed”* any government may be dissolved when it fails to protect the rights of
40、 the people.,106,The Declaration of Independence,We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America, in General congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do , in the Name , and by Authority of the good People of these Coloni
41、es, solemnly publish and declare.,107,That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally disso
42、lved ; and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right,108,独立宣言我们以这些殖民地的善良人民的名义和权力，谨庄严宣告：这些联合殖民地从此成为、而且名正言顺地应当成为自由独立的合众国，它们解除对于英王的一切隶属关系，而它们与大不
43、列颠王国之间的一切政治联系也应从此完全废止。- 摘自独立宣言,109,Later, John Hancock refers to someones signature, so “your John Hancock” means your signature.,“your John Hancock”,110,4. progress of the War: 1775-17831) the War in the north: the battle of Trenton The battle of Monmouth2) The turning point of the War the victory
44、of Saratoga:3) Help from France a great diplomatic and military victory.,111,Saratoga Battle,Time: 1777General Burgoyne v.s General Horatio Gates,112,4) The War in the West5) The War in the South: - Yorktown battle:6) Treaty of Paris Sep, 3rd, 1783.,Canada,Florida,Mississippi,113,Yorktown Battle,Tim
45、e: 1781Cornwallis v.s Washington American-French Alliance,114,5. The significance:p696. The Confederation and the Constitution:1) Confederation period, 1783-17892) the making of the Constitution, 1787 A. the background: B. the structure of the government: the executive the judicial the legislative H
46、ouse of Representative Senate,115,C. The Bill of Rights: Federalists Anti-federalists John Hamilton. Thomas Jefferson The First Ten Amendments - the Bill of Rights.3)The first two politic parties: the Federalists v.s the Republicans .,116,two aspects of American politics: - the need for a strong, ef
47、ficient central authority - the need to ensure individual liberties.,117,Chapter III the growth of the nation,1. Washingtons Administration & the Federalists government 2. John Adams & the overthrow of Federalists 3. Thomas Jeffersons Administration 4. The War with England 1812-14 5. the Administrat
48、ion of James Monroe & John Adams 6. Andrew Jacksons Administration & the U.S. Mexican War,118,1. Washingtons Administration & the Federalists government: 1) the inauguration 2) the establishment of Cabinet & the Supreme Court 3) measures strengthening central government & the conflicts between Feder
49、alists and Republicans2. John Adams & the overthrow of Federalists,119,3. Jeffersons Administration 1) the first president inaugurated in Washington 2) took measures to develop the young nation bought Louisiana from France,120,4. The War with England 1812-14 - the Second War of Independence1) The ba
50、ckground2) Results: Treaty of Ghent3) Significance:,121,5. the Administration of James Monroe & John Adams - three important issues: 1) slavery: 2) Monroe Doctrine 3) the Political Quarrel between E & W,122,6.Andrew Jacksons Administration & the U.S. Mexican War1) Andrew Jacksons Administration: A.
