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1、,状语从句,状语从句按其意义和作用可分为: 1.时间状语从句 2.地点状语从句 3.原因状语从句 4.目的状语从句 5.结果状语从句 6.条件状语从句 7.方式状语从句 8.比较状语从句 9.让步状语从句,引导时间状语从句的从属连有：when, while, as, whenever, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as, once, hardlywhen, no soonerthan等引导。如：,1、时间状语从句,引导时间状语从句的从属连词有：when, while, as, whenever, before, after, since
2、, till, until, as soon as, once, hardlywhen, no soonerthan等引导。如：,When he was still a young man, he was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons. It has been 15 years since he left. Ill tell him the news as soon as I see him. Once you have got used to it, you will like it. I waited till he
3、had finished his work.,注意：（1）when, as, while when即可引导持续性动作，又可引导短暂性动作。它可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，或从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。如：,when的句型：was/were doing when sb. didwas / were about to do when sb. didhad (not) done when sb. did,I was walking in the street when I saw him. Tom was about to tell the teacher everything when
4、 his deskmate stopped him. She had not been married many weeks when the man saw her and was struck by her beauty.,as引导持续性动作，侧重主句和从句的动作同时发生。 He hurried home, looking behind as he went. I saw your sister as she was getting on the bus yesterday. He sang as he walked.,as也可表示“随着”，但要注意与with的区别：as 是连词接句子。w
5、ith 是介词，接词或词组。,As the day went on, the weather got even cold.(从句，故用谓语动词）With the day going on, the weather got even cold.(介词，故用非谓语）,While：指的是“在某一时间里”， “在期间”，从句里的动作必须是持续性的，它也强调主句和从句动作的同时发生，往往侧重主句和从句动作的对比。,如： While he was in London, he studied music. While we were watching TV, he was writing a composi
6、tion.,while也可做并列连词，表示对照的含义，意思为“然而”。如：,He is tall while his brother is short.,当when, as, while表示“在一段时间里”，主从句的动作同时发生时，可以换用。如：,While (When或As) we were discussing, Mr. Smith came in.,before 的句型：,It wont be long before sb. does sth. 不用多久某人就会It will be long before sb. does 要过很久某人才会It was long before sb. d
7、id sth. 过很久某人才做It will be + 一段时间+ before sb. does 某人要过多长时间才做It was +一段时间 + before sb. did sth. 某人过了多长时间才做,(3) by the time, each time, every time, immediately, the moment, the instant, the minute, soon after, shortly after都可以作为连词，引导时间状语。如：,By the time he was fourteen, he had taught himself advanced m
8、athematics.,by the time+现在时，主句用将来完成时例如：By the time he arrives, we will already have left California.by the time+一般过去时，主句用过去完成时例如：By the time he arrived, we had already left California.,注意by the time 的用法,Each time he came, he would call on me. I recognized him the moment I saw him.You must show him i
9、n immediately he comes.,(4) till和until 如果主句谓语动词是持续动词，通常用肯定式的主句，表示“直到为止”。如： I worked till (until) he came back., 如果主句谓语动词是瞬间动词， 则用否定式的主句表示“直到才，如：,I didnt go to bed until (till) he came back,注意：,Not until his mother called did he get up.(不倒装为e didnt get up until his mother called.)It was not until his
10、 mother called that he got up. (not until的强调结构为it is/was not untilthat),(5) 用no sooner than 和 hardlywhen 引导的从句表示“刚就”，主句中的动词一般用过去完成时，从句用过去时若把no sooner, hardly 提到句首，主句倒装,例如：,He had no sooner got to the lab than he set out to do the experiment.该句倒装为：No sooner had he got to the lab than he set out to do
11、 the experiment.,（5）时间状语从句中谓语动词 不能用任何一种将来时， 只能用现在时和过去时表 示将来时。,2、地点状语从句:,通常由连词where和wherever等引导。如：,Go back where you came from. Wherever you go, you must write to your parents. Where there is a will, there is a way. Where there is too much, the poison and waste may do great harm to the things around
12、us.,注意：不要和where引导的定语从句相混淆例如：,We shall go where working conditions are difficult. We shall go to the place where working conditions are difficult.,(状语从句),(定语从句),3、原因状语从句:,通常由连词：because, as, since, now that引导。区别是:,because：表示“因为”，直接而明确的原 因和理由，语气最强，why提 问的句子，一般都用because 回答。,He didnt come because he was
13、ill.,注意： 在强调句中强调原因状语从句， 只能用because引导，不可用as或 since，如： It was because he was ill that he didnt go with us., because可以引导表语从句，而as, since不可以，但仅用于以下句型:This/That/It is because ,Its because he is too lazy.,since：表示“既然”，语气比because弱。,Since you are here, you must do it.,as：表示“因为”语气比because轻，引 导从句可放主句前也可放主句后。,Y
14、ou neednt go with me, as you are busy.As I was afraid, I hid myself.,now that意思与since相似，表示“既然”。,Now that you are in High School, you will probably spend more in reading. Now that all the guests have arrived, lets have our dinner., for也表示“因为”，但是并列连词，它连接的不是状语从句，语气比较强。For引导从句不说明主句发生的直接原因，只是提供一些补充说明，且不位
15、于句首,It must be morning,for the birds are singing.,seeing that (既然) 和 in that (因为),Seeing that the weather is bad , well stay at home.I like the city, but I like the country better in that I have more friends in the country.,4、目的状语从句:,通常由that, so that, in order that, sothat, lest(以免，以防）, in case（以防、免
16、得），for fear that(以免）等引导：,He got up early in order that he could catch the early bus. She married him so that she might tend and comfort him. I explained again and again in case he should misunderstand me.,lest ，in case, for fear that后面常用虚拟语气，也就是说其引导的状语从句常用“(should) + 动词原形”。例如： I hid the book lest (=
17、for fear that) he should see it.,目的状语从句中谓语动词常含有may (might), can (could) should, will等情 态动词。,5、结果状语从句:,由that, so that, sothat, suchthat引导： It was very cold, so that the river froze. The book is so written that it gives a quite wrong idea of the facts. There were so many people (=such a lot of people)
18、 in the room that we could not get in. He made such an excellent speech that every one admired him.,注意：so that 既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句，其区别在于：引导结果状语从句时通常用逗号同主句分开,He made a wrong decision, so that half of his lifetime was wasted.(结果状语从句) They started early so that they might arrive in time.(目的状语从句),6、条件
19、状语从句:,由 if, unless, as long as (=so long as) (只要), in case (that) (如果，万一),suppose (that), supposing (that), given (that) (在的情况下,假定),granted that (就算),on condition that, provided that, providing that等引导：,例如：,I shall not go to the cinema unless I finish my homework before eight.You may go swimming on
20、condition that you dont swim too far away from the river bank.As long as you keep on trying, you will surely succeed.Suppose that I dont have a day off, what shall we do?In case John comes, please tell him to wait.Granted that hes not brilliant, he at least woks hard.,注意： 条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态不可用将来时，只能用现在
21、时态或过去时态表示将来时。,7、方式状语从句:,由连词：as, as if, as though引导： The teacher told the students to do as he did. Leave it as it is. He heard a noise, as if someone was breathing. I saw the man looking about him as if he wished to impress upon his mind everything.,as if和as though意义和用法大致一样，引导的从句多用虚拟语气，但也可用陈述语气。He t
22、reats me as if I were his own son.He walked as if he were drunk.,8、比较状语从句:,由连词asas, not so(as) as, than等引导：,I hope it was as good as the one you lent me. Actually the ocean floor are almost as irregular as the exposed land area.,No one can be more fit for his office than he is.,He cant run so fast a
23、s she.,注意：“the+比较级(接从句)，the+比较 级(接主句)，这一句型也归在比 较状语从句内。如：,The more you study, the more you know. The harder we work, the happier we feel.,注意:以下as用于表示比较的结构,A is to B as C is to D.= A is to B what C is to D. =As C is to D, so A is to B.例如:Water is to fishes as air is to men.Water is to fishes what air
24、is to men.As air is to men, so water is to fishes.,9、让步状语从句:,由though, although, as (虽然尽管), even if, even though, wh-ever, no matter-wh, whetheror(无论是还是),引导.,whateverwhoeverwhicheverwheneverwhereverhowever,wh - ever,no matter wh-,no matter whono matter whatno matter whichno matter whenno matter where
25、no matter how,whatever/whoever/whichever/既可引导让步状语从句(=no matter what/who/which), 又可引导名词性从句(=anything that/ anyone who/ anyone that),Whoever(=Anyone who) does business with that fellow is bound to lose money.Whatever(=No matter what) you do, do it well.,Whenever (=no matter when) you call on me, you a
26、re always welcome. Wherever (no matter where) you work, you can always find time to study. Take the one you like best, whichever (no matter which) it is.,注意:,No matter who gives us help is welcome.Whoever gives us help is welcome.任何帮助我们的人会受到欢迎.Ill believe no matter what he says.Ill believe whatever
27、he says.我相信他说的一切.,(正),(误),(正),(误),Though he is old, yet he is active. Although most of the people agreed, some were not willing to accepted. Proud as the nobles are, he is afraid to see me. We wouldnt lose heart even if we should fail ten times.,No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks
28、 Im wrong.,Whether he comes or not, well discuss the problem this afternoon.,注意： （1）让步状语从句在句中的位置可放前也可放后，有时还可以插在主句中间，前置时，强调主句内容，后置时强调从句内容。,（2）though与although同义，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化；后者较正式，多放于句首，不能与but连用，但可以与yet, still等连用，用来加强语气。Though ( Although ) he was tired, yet (still) he went on working.,（3）as/though引导让步状语从句时从句部分语序要部分倒装。adj./v./n./adv.+as/though+主语+谓语,Young as he is, he can read and write in several foreign language.（表语提前）,Child as he was, he had to support the family.（表语名词提前并常省去冠词） Hard as he studies, he can not pass the exam. (副词提前) Try as he would , he might fail again. (动词提前),Thank You,
