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1、the Adverbial 状语,句子+引导词作状语。修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。,the Adverbial Clauses状语从句,九种状从,时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句让步状语从句 结果状语从句目的状语从句 方式状语从句比较状语从句,While I was walking along the street,I found many beatiful buildings()2.Where there is a will,there is a way.()3.Now that/Since everybody is here,l
2、ets begin our meeting.（）4.Ill speak slowly so that you can understand me.()5.So clever was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.(),时间,地点,原因,目的,结果,状语从句的分类,6.As long as you dont lose heart,youll succeed.()7.Try as he might,he could not find a job.()8.The old lady treats the boy a
3、s if he were his own son.()9.He is taller than I am.(),状语从句的分类,条件,让步,方式,比较,九种常用的状语从句及其常用的连接词,时间状语从句,when,while,as,before,after,since,once,by the time,till,until,notuntil,the first/second/last time,as soon as,the moment,the minute,the instant,immediately,directly,instantly,hardlywhen,scarcelywhen,no
4、soonerthan,every time,each time,where,wherever,because,since,as,for,now that(既然）,in that（因为）,if,unless,as(so)long as,on condition that,要)等。如：,地点状语从句,原因状语从句,条件状语从句,九种常用的状语从句及其常用的连接词,结果状语从句,so that,sothat,suchthat,so that,in order that,in case,as,as if/as though,than,asas,not so/asas,the+比较级,the+比较级,目
5、的状语从句,方式状语从句,比较状语从句,让步状语从句,although,though,as,even though/even if,while(虽然）,no matter+which/what/when/where/who/how,whichever,wherever,whatever,whoever,whenever,however,whetheror；,1.Child as she is,she knows a lot of things.2.The more I can do for the class,the happier Ill be.3.He talks as if(as tho
6、ugh)he knew all about it.4.He is such a good teacher that the students love and respect him.5.I shall go to the park unless it rains.6.No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.,让步,比较,方式,结果,条件,时间,7.Where there is water,there is life.8.He studied hard so that he could catch up with his classmate
7、s.9.Since you are very busy,I wont trouble you.10.Even if(though)I fail.Ill never lose heart.11.Once you begin the work,you must continue.12.Although the sun was shining,it wasnt very warm.,地点,目的,原因,让步,时间,让步,1 状语从句连词的含义及用法比较；2、no matter wh-与 wh-ever 引导的从句的区别；3、状语从句的时态问题；4、状语从句倒装及省略问题；5、状语从句与其它从句区别。,
8、考点与难点归纳,时间状语从句1.We were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the storm started.A.when B.while C.until D.before2.He was about to tell me the secret _ someone patted him on the shoulder.A.as B.until C.whileD.when3.He transplanted the little tree to the garden _ it was the best time for it.A.where B.when C.
9、thatD.until4.Did Jack come back early last night?Yes.It was not yet eight oclock _ he arrived home.A.Before B.when C.thatD.until5.He was about halfway through his meal _ a familiar voice came to his ears.A.why B.where C.when D.while,A,D,B,B,C,连接词when的用法小结when可用来引导时间状语从句，意为“当的时候”从句的谓语动词可以是延续的，也可以是短暂的
10、。如：When the film ended,they went back.When I lived there,I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.2.When 常用于下列句式：意为“就在那时”。如：was doing somethingwhen was about to dowhen was on the point of doing sth.when had donewhen3.when可以表“既然”，如：How can I help them to understand when they wont listen to me?,注意同一个从属
11、连词的多义性：,6.The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain,_ the quality of life is probably one of the highest.A.since B.when C.as D.while7._ I accept that he is not perfect,I do actually like the person.A.While B.Since C.Before D.Unless8._it is true that a students most important goal
12、is to do well in his or her studies,it doesnt need to be the only goal.A when B As C While D Before25.Mary made coffee her guests were finishing their meal.A.so that B.although C.while D.as if,D,A,C,C,1.while可用来引导时间状语，意为“当的时候”；引导的动作必须是持续性的，如：Please dont talk so loud while others are working.2.while作
13、为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。Jane was dressed in brown while Mary was dressed in blue.3.while也可用来引导让步状语，意为“尽管，虽然”；可表示尽管，相当于although While I admit that the problems are difficult,I dont agree that they cant be solved.4 趁的情况赶紧做,否则来不及了 Strike while the iron is hot.,连接词while的用法小结,1.as可用来引导时间状语，意为“一边一边”；随着如：She sa
14、ng as she walked home all the way.(一边一边）She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music.As she grew older,she became more beautiful.（随着）As the day went on,the weather got worse.2.as也可用来引导原因状语从句意为“因为”；如：As she is free today,she would like to do some shopping.（因为）3.as还可用来引导让步状语从句（通常用倒装结构）
15、意为“尽管”。如：Tired as he was,he refused to take a rest.（尽管）Hard as he worked,he cant work out the problem.Child as he is,he knows a lot.,连接词as的用法小结,连接词when,while,as的用法区别：when,while,as这三个连词都可表示“当的时候”，使用时应注意：1)when可表示一个时间点，也可表示一个时间段。如：When he came in,we were having supper.When we were having supper,the li
16、ght suddenly went out.2)while则只表示一个时间段。它所引导的时间状语从句中的时态常用进行时态。如：When/While he was eating his breakfast,he heard the doorbell ring.While he was watching TV,the boy fell asleep.3)as则强调主句和从句的动作在同一时间进行;也可表示“随着”，。She sang as she walked along.As the election approached,the violence（暴行）got worse.,1.Did you
17、remember to give Mary the money you owed her?Yes.I gave it to her _ I saw her.A.whileB.the moment C.suddenlyD.although2.I thought her nice and honest _ I met her.A.first time B.for the first time C.the first timeD.by the first time3._ entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his rep
18、ort.A.He hardly had B.Had he hardly C.Hardly had heD.Hardly he had,B,C,C,小结：1一些词，如the moment,the minute,the instant,immediately,directly,instantly,hardlywhen,scarcelywhen,no soonerthan等也可引导时 间状语从句，相当于as soon as的意思。I came immediately you called me up.2一些含有time的名词短语，如the first/second/last time,every t
19、ime,each time,next time,by the time等，也可引导时间状语从句。The first time I drove the car,I felt very nervous.Next time you come,please bring your composition.3.如果hardly或no sooner或scarcely置于句首，句子必 须倒装。Hardly/scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.,1.Was his father very strict with him when he was at sch
20、ool?Yes.He had never praised him _ he became one of the top students in his grade.A.after B.unless C.until D.when2.A good storyteller must be able to hold listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the story.A.when B.unless C.after D.until3.It was not _ she took off her dark glasses _ I realized sh
21、e was a famous film star.A.when;that B.until;that C.until;when D.when;then,C,D,B,小结：till,until和notuntil：1.until/till从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词 是延续性动作，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停 止”。如：We waited until/till he came.2用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。如：He wont go to bed until her father returns.3till不可以置于句首，而until可以。如：Unt
22、il you told me I had no idea of it.4notuntil句型中的强调和倒装说法：It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.,1.He made a mistake,but then he corrected the situation _ it got worse.A.until B.when C.beforeD.as2.Scientists say it may be five or six yea
23、rs _ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.A.since B.after C.before D.when3.Why didnt you tell him about the meeting?He rushed out of the room_I could say a word.A.before B.untilC.whenD.after4.It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time.A.before B.since C.after D.because,C
24、,C,A,B,1.I was so familiar with him that I recognized his voice _ I picked up the phone.A.while B.after C.in case D.the minute2.How long do you think it will take _ our product becomes popular with the consumers A.when B.until C.before D.since3._ the day went on,the weather got worse.A.With B.since
25、C.As D.While4.He was halfway through his meal _ a familiar voice came to his ears.A.why B.where C.when D.while,连接词before的小结：一、含义1 We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.2 We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.3 Please write it down before you forget it.4 Before I could get in
26、a word,he had measured me.,“才”,“不到就”,“趁”,“还没来得及”,三1）It will be/段时间before“还要过多久才”It will be two years before he leaves the country.2）It was+时间段+before 从句（动作已发生）It was three weeks before he came back 3）It will not be long before“不多久就会”It wont be long before she comes back 4）It was not long before“不多久就
27、了”如：It wasnt long before he left the country.5）It is时间since如：It is three years since she was in the army.It is three years since she joined the army.,注意时态,条件状语从句1、It is known to all that _ you exercise regularly,you wont keep good health.A.unless B.whenever C.although D.if 2.You will be late _ you l
28、eave immediately.A.unless B.until C.if D.or3.The little boy wont go to sleep his mother tells him a story.A.or B.unless C.but D.whether,A,A,B,unless 相当于 if not，意思是“除非”“如果不就”。,1、_ I can see,there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger.A.Because B.As far as D.Even if 2、I always take som
29、ething to read when I go to the doctors _ I have to wait.Ain case Bso that Cin orderDas if,B,A,as long as 与 as far as 都可引导条件状语从句，as long as 表示“只要”，as far as 表示“就而言”。题1根据题意应该选用B。in case 表示“以防”。,让步状语从句1、_ I accept that he is not perfect,I do actually like the person.A.While B.Since C.Before D.Unless2、
30、Allow children the space to voice their opinions,_they are different from your own.A.untilB.even ifC.unless D.as though,A,B,while 既可引导时间状语从句，又可引导并列句，还可引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。even if 等于 even though，表示“即使、尽管”。as though 等于 as if，引导方式状语从句，表示“好像、似乎”。,1、He tried his best to solve the problem,_ difficult it was.A
31、.however B.no matter C.whatever D although 2、The old tower must be saved,_the cost.Ahowever Bwhatever Cwhichever Dwherever 3.English and French are taught here.You can choose _ you like.A.no matter whichB.whichever D.whatever,A,B,no matter wh-与 wh-ever 的联系及区别：no matter wh-只引导让步状语从句，此时与 wh-ever通用。No
32、matter when/Whenever he comes back,he should be invited to the party.wh-ever又可引导名词性从句，No matter wh-不能。如：Whoever can help us will be welcome.,结果状语从句 sothat,suchthat1)It is so good a story that Ill never forget it.It is such a good story that Ill never forget it.2)such+a+adj名词+that clause such+（adj）+名
33、词复数3)so+adj./adv.+that clause4)so+many/few+复数名词+that clause much/little+不可数名词,10.The day must be breaking,_ the birds have begun singing.A.because B.as C.for D.since,原因状语从句,1)because表示某件事情发生的直接原因或理由。它的语气很强，因而常用来回答why的提问。它表示原因的语气最强。如：He didnt come to school yesterday because he was ill.2)since常表示对方已经
34、知道的既成事实，说话人根据这个事实得出某一种结论。其语气比because要弱，一般译成“既然”如：Since you are here,why not stay for a few more days?3)as常用于表示十分明显的原因，说明因果关系，重点放在主句上，语气较弱，常译成“由于”。如：As its getting darker,we must go home now.4)for只是一个并列连词，用于连接两个并列句，表示推理或解释，对前一个分句进行附加说明。如：It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet,目的状语从句,.I
35、hurried _ I wouldnt be late for class.A.since B.so that C.as if D.unless You must speak louder so that/in order that you can be heard by all.He wrote the name down for fear that(lest)he should forget it.Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.,比较状语从句,（asas,not as(so)as,more/-erthan,less
36、than1)He doesnt work so hard as you do.2)There is as much ink in bottle A as in bottle B.3)The more you worry,the less youll succeed.4)Gold is much heavier than any other metal.26.I have seldom seen my mother pleased with my progress as she is now.A.so B.very C.too D.rather,方式状语从句 1)You must try to
37、do as I did.2)Lets do as Mrs.Li teaches us.*3)He talks as if he knew all about it.(好象),1.After the war，a new school building was put up _ there had once been a theatre.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when2.-Dont look down upon Bob.He has his own advantages.-Oh,yes._ others are weak,he is strong.A.If B.WhenC.W
38、here D.Though3.-The thread of my kite broke and it flew away.-I had told you it would easily break _it was the weakest A.when B.where C.unless D.since,地点状语从句,地点状语从句只有两个连词:Where，whereverWhere-在地方，Wherever-无论哪里1.Put the medicine where you can easily get it.2.Where there is a will,there is a way.3.He f
39、ollows her wherever she goes.4.Wherever you are,I will be right there waiting for you.,状语从句的时态问题1、The house could fall down soon if no one_ some quick repair work.A has done B is doing C does D had done 2、It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time.A.before B.since C.after D.when,在条件，时间状语从
40、句中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时。在 since 引导的时间状语从句中，动词一般都用一般过去时，而主句常用现在完成时。,C,B,状语从句的倒装问题1、So difficult _ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English.A.I have felt B.have I felt C.I did feel D.did I feel2、Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was.A.did
41、 the villagers realize B.the villagers realized C.the villagers did realize D.didnt the villagers realize,D,A,状语从句的倒装一般有下面几种情况：否定词开头；not until so 加 adj.开头；as/though引导的让步状语从句。特别注意：Hardly when No sooner than Child as he is,Hardly had he got to the station when the train left.No sooner had he got to th
42、e station than the train left.Child as he is,he can speak seven foreign languages.,While watching TV,_.A the doorbell rangB the doorbell ringsC we heard the door bell ringD we heard the doorbell rings,C,状语从句省略问题,1：如果主从句主语一致，从句中又有“be”时，省略主语和be。While still a student,she played many roles.When told the
43、 secret,he was surprised.When(he was)still a boy of ten,he had to work day and nightIf(you are)asked,you may come in.2：从句中可省略it+是。You can turn to me for help if necessary.If(it is)necessary/possible.Ill explain it to you again.,状语从句省略问题,状语从句与并列句的区别1、Though he is in his sixties,_ he works as hard as
44、a young man A.yet B.but C.and D.and yet2、Excuse me for breaking in,_ I have some news for you.A.so B.and C.but D.yet,题1是主从复合句，所以中间不能使用并列连词 and;or;but;so 等。yet 是副词，只有 yet 可以与 though 连用。题2为并列句，而“Excuse,but”为一固定搭配。在复习中需要细心的分析句子结构和成分。,A,C,对比训练与巩固,1.We were about to leave_ it began to rain.2.She thought
45、I was talking about her son,_,in fact,I was talking about my son.3.Hardly had I finished my composition _ the bell rang.A.when B.while C.as D.during,A,B,A,1.Child _ she is,she know a lot.2.He did the experiment _ he was told.3.The pianos in the other shop will be cheaper,but not _ good.A.during B.as
46、 C.if D.though,B,B,B,1.He would have a look at the bookstores _ he went to town.2.We decide to finish the work on time,_ happens.3.If we work with a strong will,we overcome any difficulty,_ great it is.4.Ill give the book to _ likes English.A.whenever B.whoever C.whatever D.however,A,C,D,B,1.If we w
47、ork hard,we can overcome any difficulty,no matter _ great it is.2.If we work hard,we can overcome any difficulty,_ great it is.3.If we work hard,we can overcome any difficulty,_ difficulty it is.4.If we work hard,we can overcome any difficulty,no matter _ difficulty it is.A.what B.how C.however D.wh
48、atever,B,C,D,A,1.It will be years _ we meet again.2.It is ten years _ I came to this town.3.It is ten years ago _ I came to this town.A.when B.that C.before D.since,C,D,B,Go and get your coat.It is _ you left it.2.You are free to go _ you like.A.there B.where C.wherever D.when,B,C,1.The article is w
49、ritten in such easy English _ all of us can read it.2.The article is written in such easy English _ all of us can read.A.that B.which C.as D.so that,A,C,A,_ I accept that he is not perfect,I do actually like the person.A.While B.since C.Before D.Unless2.The workers are determined to go through with
50、their railway project,_ the expenses have risen.A.as long as B.even though C.now that D.as though3.I really want the match,however much _.A.does it cost B.costs it C.will it cost D.it costs,4._ we have finished the course,we shall start doing more revision work.A.For now B.Now that C.By now D.until5
