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1、状语从句,一、时间状语从句,引导时间状语从句的从属连词：1、When 当.时候When I lived there,I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.我住在那里时，星期天常到海滨去。2、While 在.期间Please dont talk so loud while others are working.别人在工作时，请别这么大声谈话。,3、as 一边.一边；随着.As time goes on,its getting warmer and warmer.随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖和了。说明：如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进
2、行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when，while，与as 可互相使用。When While as I was walking down the street,I came across an old friend of mine.我正沿着大街走时，碰巧遇到了我的一位老朋友。,注：as 当连词还有其他三种常用用法：依照Please try to pronounce the word as I do.请试着跟我读这个词。虽然Strange as it may seem,nobody was injured in the accident.这看起来可能很奇怪，这次事故竟然没有人受伤。因为
3、As I had a cold,I was absent from school.因为我感冒了，所以没去上课。,4、as soon as/immediately/directly/instantly/the moment/the minute/the instant/no sooner.than./hardly.when.一.就这些从属连词所在的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生。The moment I heard the voice,I knew father was coming.一听到那个声音，我就知道父亲来了。,No sooner had we arrived at t
4、he station than the train left.我们刚到车站，火车就开走了。The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.那个男孩一见到他妈妈便放声大哭。,注意：1）no sooner 与 hardly/scarcely 所在的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时；no sooner 与 hardly/scarcely放到句首时，所属从句用倒装语序；2）than 与when 引导的句子谓语动词用一般过去时；I had hardly got home when it began to rain.Hardly had I got
5、home when it began to rain.我一回到家就开始下雨了。,5 till,until 和 not until肯定句：主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词的肯定式，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。如：He remained there until she arrived.他一直待在那儿直到她到了。You may stay here until the rain stops.你在这里可待到雨停。,2)否定句：主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。如：He wont go to bed till/until she returns.直到她回来他才会去睡。
6、not.Until 句型中的强调和倒装用法：It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.(强调句型)Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.(not until 引导从句至于句首，主句要倒装)直到你告诉我，我才知道那件事。,6.before1)可表达：“还未.就.;不到.就.；.才.；还没来得及.就.”如：We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。We hadnt ru
7、n a mile before he felt tired.我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。Before I could get in a word,he had measured me.我还没来得及插话，他就已经给我量好了尺寸。,It will be+一段时间+before.多久之后才.It will be half a year before I come back.半年后我才会回来。It wont be long before we meet again.过不了多久我们就会再见面。,7 Since1)since 从句的时态若是一般过去时，相应的，主句中的时态是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。I
8、 have written home four times since I came here.自从我来到这里，我已经给家里写了四次信了。She has been working in this factory since she left school.她离开学校以后就一直在这个工厂工作。,2)常见的句型：“It is+一段时间+since从句 自.以来有.”。如：It is three years since the war broke out.自战争爆发以来有三年了。since 当连词是还有一种其他常用用法：“既然”，可与“now that”互换。如：Since were young w
9、e shouldnt be too afraid of making mistakes.因为我们还年轻，所以不应该太害怕犯错误。,8 every time,each time,next time,the first time,any time 等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当.；每次.；下次.”。如：Every/Each time I was in trouble,he would come to help me out.每次我有困难时，他都会帮我解决。Next time you come,do remember to bring your son here.下次来时，一定记得带着你
10、儿子。,1、引导地点状语从句的从属连词有where,wherever.We should go where the Party needs us most.我们应该去党最需要我们的地方。You are free to go wherever you like.你愿意去哪里就去哪里。2、注意区分where 引导的定语从句与状语从句。Youd better make a mark where you have any question.(状语从句)Youd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.(定语从句)你最好在
11、有问题的地方做个标记。,二、地点状语从句,三、原因状语从句,引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because,as,since,now,that,每个连词的含义不尽相同。,_Why are you absent from the meeting?你为什么缺席会议？_Because I am ill.因为我生病了。As it is raining,we shall not go to the park.因为在下雨，所以我们不去公园了。Now that/Since everybody is here,lets begin our meeting.既然人都到齐了，那就开始开会。,四、目的状语从句,引导目
12、的状语从句的从属连词：1、in order that 与 so that 以便.;为了.引导的状语从句中常用情态动词，in order that 比so that 正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后，而so that 引导的从句只能置于主句之后。,如：Ill speak slowly so that you can understand me.我会说得慢一些以便你能听懂。In order that we might see the sunrise,we started for the peak early.为了能看到日出，我们很早就出发去了山顶。,2、for fear that 与 in
13、 case引导目的状语从句时，for fear that表示“害怕，担心”某事会发生；in case（that）表示“以防（万一）”出现某种情况。Mary didnt want to get out of bed,for fear that she might wake her baby（up）.玛丽不想起床，担心吵醒她的宝宝。Take your raincoat in case it rains.带上雨衣以防下雨。,五、结果状语从句,1、引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so that,so.that.,such.that.So+形容词/副词+that 从句So+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数形
14、式+that 从句So+many/much/few/little+名词+that 从句,Such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that 从句Such+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词+that 从句Such+a lot of/lots of+名词+that 从句Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.=Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him.迈克是一个如此诚实的工人，以至于我们都相信他。It is such fine weather that we all want
15、 to go to the park.天气这么好，我们都想去公园。He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family.他赚的钱如此少，以至于养不起他的家人。,2、当so 或 such 以及所修饰的部分置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。如：So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.他是一个如此聪明的学生以至于能解决所有的问题。除结果状语从句外，tooto（太而不能）,enough to(达到某种程度可以)，s
16、oas to(那么以至于)等不定式结构同样可以表示结果。,如：He didnt get up early enough to catch the bus.=He got up too late to catch the bus.=He got up so late as to miss the bus.他起得太晚了，没有赶上那班公共汽车。,六、条件状语从句,引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if，unless（=ifnot 除非），so/as long as（只要），in case(万一)，on condition that(条件是)，suppose/supposing(假设；如果)，provid
17、ed/providing that(如果)等。如:,Youll fail the exam unless you study hard(=if you dont study hard).如果你不努力学习，考试就会不及格。As long as you dont lose heart,you will succeed.只要不灰心，你就会成功。Suppose/Supposing(that)they refuse us,who else can we turn to for help?如果他们拒绝我们，那么我们还可以向谁求助呢?In case there is a fire,what will you
18、 do first.如果发生火灾，你们首先要做什么呢？,七、方式状语从句,引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as，as if，as though等。方式状语从句应放在主句之后。其中as if或as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。如：,Do as you are told,or youll will be fired.按照要求做，否则你将被开除。The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.那个老太太对待那个男孩就像对待她自己的儿子一样。I feel as if I have a
19、fever.我感觉好像发烧了。,八、让步状语从句,引导让步状语从句的从属连词有：1、although/though 尽管，虽然；even though/even if 即使。although与though 两者意思相同，一般可以互换，都可以与yet,still 或nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。如：He is unhappy,though/although he has a lot of money.他虽然很有钱，但他并不开心。,Although/Though it was raining hard,yet they went on playing football.尽管雨下
20、得很大，他们还是继续踢足球。注意：though还可作副词，意为：可是，然而。置于句末。如：He said he would come;he didnt,though.他说他会来，可是他没有来。,2、as引导的让步状语从句需倒装。如：Child as he is,he knows a lot.尽管他是个孩子，他却懂得很多。Much as I like it,I wont buy it,for its too expensive.虽然我很喜欢它，但我不会买的，因为太贵了。注意：though引导的从句可以像as引导的从句一样用倒装语序也可以不倒装，但是although引导的从句只能用正常语序。,3、whether.or.不管.还是.；疑问词+-ever 与 no+疑问词(不管.;无论.)。如：Whatever=No matter what you say,he wont believe you.无论你说什么，他都不相信你。注意：whoever，whatever，whichever还以引导名词性从句。如：You can take whatever you like.(宾语从句)你喜欢什么就拿什么。,
