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1、Modal Verbs,Q1：情态动词后跟什么？,must + ?,事 实 He is here. He lives here.,推 测 He must be here. He must live here. must do,事 实 He is sleeping now. He was sleeping then.,推 测 He must be sleeping now. He must be sleeping then. must be doing ,事 实 He has been here. He has left here.He was here yesterday. He left h
2、ere yesterday. He had been here.He had left here.,推 测 He must have been here.He must have left here.He must have been here yesterday.He must have left here yesterday.He must have been here. He must have left here. must have done ,事 实 He has been working late.He had been working late.,推 测 He must hav
3、e been working late. He must have been working late. must have been doing ,must be done-must have been done-, Modal verbs can be followed by: 主 动 被 动一般式 must do进行式 must be doing完成式 must have done完成进行式 must have been doing,- I stayed at a hotel while in New York. - Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara. A.
4、 could have stayed B. could stay C. must have stayed D. would stay2. - I didnt know you were good friends. - You _. I have known her since she moved here. You were studying abroad then. A. may have B. must have C. couldnt have D. couldnt,Q2：情态动词表什么含义？,1. 表示能力 2. 表示义务、责任、必要 3. 表示请求、许可、禁止 4. 表示习惯和倾向 5
5、. 表示意志 6. 表示推测,6. 情态动词表示推测 can / could “ 可能 ” may / might “ 可能 ” should / ought to “ 应该；总该；想必 ” must “ 一定；肯定 ” will / would “ 会 ”,理论 ( 泛泛 ) 可能性1. In those days, a man might be hanged for stealing a sheep. = 在那个年代，偷一只羊就可能被绞死。2. It was a place where anything could happen.= 那可是个任何事物都会发生的地方啊。3. After ha
6、ving a baby, a woman may suffer from depression for several months. = 妇女生了孩子后，可能有好几个月情绪低沉。4. Scotland can be very warm in September.= 九月的苏格兰可能非常暖和。,( 过去),( 现在),现实 ( 具体 ) 可能性1.- Where is Emma? - I dont know. She may be out shopping.2.- Where is Sarah? - She could / may / might be at Joes place. 3.- W
7、ho is that at the door? - It can only be the postman.,( can only = must ),现实( 具体 ) 可能性 句 式 情 态 动 词 含 义 肯定句 must 一定 may / might / could 可能 ( 不用 can ) 否定句 cant / couldnt 不可能 may not / might not 可能不 疑问句 can / could / might 会 ( 不用 may ),1.- Polly is very late. - She _ have missed her train.2.- There is
8、the doorbell. Who _ it be? - It _ be your mother. She is in Edinburgh.3. Where _ they be now ?4. _ this be true ?5. If A is bigger than B, and B is bigger than C, then A _ be bigger than C.6. Edna isnt in her office. She _have gone home.,may/might/could,can,cant,could / can,Could / Can / Might,must,
9、must,7. Where can she have gone? She cant have gone to school - its Saturday. And she can hardly have gone to church. She could / may / might have gone swimming.,You can be very annoying. = 有时你会很让人生气。= Sometimes you are very annoying.2. It can be quite windy on the hills. = 山上有时风很大。= Sometimes it is
10、 quite windy on the hills. Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events.,注 意 1 现实 (具体) 可能性 - 否定句、疑问句 can 理论 (泛泛) 可能性 肯定句、否定句、疑问句,某物或某人的性质特怔 , 译成 “ 有时会”,注意 2 1. Cars mustnt park in front of the entrance.= It is not allowed. mustnt = 不准 ( 表义务、责任 ),1. The plane should be landing now. = I
11、 expect it is landing and it is very likely to be landing.2. The letter should have arrived by now. = I expect it has arrived and it has probably arrived. 3. Tom should know the address. = I expect Tom knows it and it is probable that he knows it.,4. Lets not go shopping now. The shops will be very
12、crowded. 5. Lets go shopping now. The shops will be / should be fairly empty. 6. Lets go shopping now. The shops wont be / shouldnt be too crowded.,注 意 3 should / ought to 表推测 二者表推测，指的是合乎期望的可能性 ，表“ 某事很有可能如期望发生”，译成 “ 总该. ；想必.”。 因此当表示使说话者不快的假设时不用 should 或 ought to 。,- I hear you have written a novel.
13、- Yes, the book _ be out in a month or so. A. can B. dare C. should D. need2. - Do you think the flight is delayed? - It _ be, espcially in such weather. A. would B. should C. ought to D. might3. The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _ be very slow. A. should
14、 B. must C. will D. can,4. - Is John coming by train? - He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car. A. must B. can C. need D. may5. Jack _ yet; otherwise, he would have telephoned me. A. mustnt have arrived B. shouldnt have arrived C. cant have arrived D. need not have arrived., Modal verbs c
15、an be sorted according to their meanings: 表 能力 : can / be able to 肯定句中表过去长期泛泛能力 肯定句中表过去具体某时能力 否定句中可表过去具体某时能力,表 推测 : can ( could ) / may ( might ) / should ( ought to ) / must Note1 : can (could ) / may ( might ) / must 表推测 ( 具体某时可能性) Note2: can 在肯定句中表泛泛可能性,即某人或某物的性质特征 Note3: should = ought to 表推测,表
16、“ 许可 ” ： may ( might ) / can ( could ) / shall 表 “ 义务 ” ： must / have to / should / ought to / shall 表 “ 需要 ” ： need （ 常用于否定疑问句 ） 表 “ 意愿 ” ： “ 就是（不）愿 ” will / would 表 “ 习惯 ” ： “ 老是；总是 ” will / would / used to表 “ 敢 ” ： dare （ 常用于否定疑问句 ）表 “ 许诺 / 威胁 ” ： shall, a) 情态动词完成式 ： 表“ 本 . ” should have done oug
17、ht to have done 本 该做 (而没做 ) shouldnt have done oughtnt to have done 本 不该做 ( 而做了 ) neednt have done 本 没必要做 ( 而做了) could have done 本 可以 做 (而没努力去做 ),1. - We walked up out of breath yesterday. - You neednt have walked up. We could have taken the lift.,b ) may / might ( just ) as well do sth. 不妨做某事 ； 还是做
18、某事好 may / might well do sth. 很可能做某事 may do sth. . , but . 尽管 .但是. / 也许. 但是.,1. Its late , so I may as well go to bed. 2. She may well refuse to speak to you , because shes in a very bad mood. 3. That coat may have cost a lot money , but it is worth it.4. 他尽管胖了点，但仍能跑得快。 He may be fat , but he can still run fast.,c ) if you must ( do sth. ) 表“ 如果你一定要（那么做） ” （虽不赞同但可允许 ）1. - Can I smoke here ? - If you must.,
