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1、Grammar,Inversion,*,英语句子的自然顺序是主语在前,谓语在后（主语+谓语）。把谓语动词放在主语之前（谓语+主语）,就叫倒装结构。如果全部谓语放在主语之前, 叫全部倒装; 如果只把助动词或be 动词放在主语之前就叫部分倒装。,倒装句,句装倒,inversions,*,基本语序（natural order）：,主语+谓语+宾语（subject + predicate+ object）,I love English.,谓语+主语,完全倒装 (full inversion),Here came the headmaster.,助动词/情态动词+ 主语 + 动词,部分倒装 (parti
2、al inversion),Nerve will I forgive you.,*,1. The bell goes there.2. The children rush out.3. A small garden was in front of the house .,*,He looked.He was able to look.He had looked.He looks.He can do that.He is handsome.He does those things.He hadnt finished.,*,一、完全倒装,1. There be结构。另外,在此结构中可以用来代替be
3、动词的动词有:exist, seem, happen, appear, live, rise, stand等。,There stood a dog before him.There exist different opinions on this question.,例题:_ a beautiful palace _ the foot of the hill.A. There stand; at B. There stands; underC. Stands there; underD. There stands; at,*,2 ，(1).在以here、there、now、then等副词开头的
4、句子里。 句式：副词vi名词主语,“Here, There, Now, Then + come (或be,go,lie,run) + 主语 结构。,Here comes the old lady!Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.Now comes your turn.,如果主语是人称代词,主语和谓语语序不变，不用倒装。如:Here you are. There she comes.,*,(2). 表示方向的副词out, in, up, down等置于句首,要用全部倒装。如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。如:,In came Mr
5、. White.Up went the arrow into the air. Away went the boy.,题：There _. And here _.A. goes the phone; she comesB. is the phone going; is sheC. does the phone go; does she comeD. the phone goes; come she,*,注意：在上述句子中，如果主语为人称代词，则主、谓不需要倒装。 In he came and back he went again.,3.当表示地点的介词词组(如on the wall, unde
6、r the tree, in front of the house, in the middle of the room等)在句首时。 句式：介词短语vi主语（必须是名词）,如：At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake. East of the lake lie two towns. Under the tree was lying a wounded soldier.,*,4.分词(代词) + be + 主语结构。,Walking at the head of the line was our teacher.Such was the sto
7、ry he told me.,题：_, a man of achievements, deep thoughts, but with simple habits. A. Einstein was such B. Such was Einstein C. Einstein was soD. So was Einstein _ are the days when teachers were looked down upon.A. Gone B. Go C. To go D. Going,*,5，某些表语位于句首，保持句子平衡，以强调表语. 句式：表语系动词主语（必须是名词）,1)表语为介词短语Am
8、ong the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.,2)表语为形容词Present at the meeting were Mr White and many other guests.,*,4)表语为进行时态中的现在分词 Lying on the floor was a boy.Standing beside the desk was a teacher.,3)表语为过去分词Seated on the ground are a group of young people.,*,5. 为了保持句子结构平衡, 或为了强调表语
9、或状语,或为了使上下文结构紧凑。 They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy. Inside the pyramids are the burial rooms for the kings and queens and long passages to these rooms.,强调状语,保持句子结构平衡,*,二、部分倒装,部分倒装是把be动词、情态动词、助动词放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些词,要在主语之前加助动词do / does / did等,而把原来的谓语动词变成原形放在主语之后。,*,1. 句首状语为否
10、定词或半否定词的句子。,这类词或短语主要有never, neither, nor, little, seldom(很少，不常）, rarely（很少，罕有）, hardly, scarcely（几乎不，简直没有）, no sooner（立即）, by no means（决不） ，not only, in no way（决不）, at no time, few, not, no等,句式： “否定词/词组助动词/情态动词/be动词主语其他”。 Not until+从句/时间状语+主句（部分倒装）。 No sooner had sb done than；Hardly/scarcely had sb
11、done when 刚刚就 Not only+分句（部分倒装）but also+分句（不倒装） 注意：not only置于句首but(also)部分不倒装，,*,1) Hardly _ the airport when the plane took off.A. I had arrived atB. had I arrivedC. had I reachedD. I had got to2) Have you ever seen anything like that before?No, _ anything like that before.A. I never have seen B. n
12、ever I have seenC. never have I seen D. I have seen3) She is not fond of cooking, _ I.A. so amB. nor amC. neitherD. nor do,*,2. Only + 状语（副词/ 介词短语/ 状语从句），位于句首 ,要部分倒装。,Only by this means is it possible to explain it. (介词短语) Only then did I realize the importance of math. (副词) Only when the war was ov
13、er in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work. (从句),注意： 在only状语从句主句结构中，主句倒装， 但从句用正常语序。 only修饰主语，不倒装。,*,3. so或so引导的短语放在句首,前半部分倒装。,I saw the film, so did she.So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.,1) The doctor told Charlie to breathe deeply and _.A. so did Charl
14、ieB. Charlie did so C. Charlie does soD. did Charlie so2) So loudly _ that _ hear her clearly. A. did she speak; could everyone B. did she speak; everyone could C. she spoke; could everyone D. she spoke; everyone could,*,4. Not only + 分句,but also + 分句句型中的前一分句要部分倒装。,但not only.but also.连接主语时,不倒装。如: No
15、t only the mother but also the children are sick.,如： _ himself wrong, but his friends were wrong. A. Not was only he B. Not only he C. Not only was he D. Not only was,*,5、as/ though (虽然，尽管）引导的让步状语从句。句式：名词形容词副词动词分词+asthough+主语+其他,如:Although I am ugly, I am gentle.Ugly as I am, I am gentle. Though he
16、is a child, he has to make a living.Child as he is, he has to make a living.,注意：从句的表语是名词，其名词前不加任何冠词,*,6.用于So/neither (nor) + be ( have, 助动词或情态动词) + 主语+其他的句子,表示两人的同样一个情况时，只能表示一件事，即上、下句所使用的动词、时态要一致。否则要用so it is with/It is the same with,He has been to Beijing. So have I. Tom cant answer the question. N
17、either /Nor can I .,*,So +be/助动词/情态动词+主语某人也是如此Nor/neither +be/助动词/情态动词+主语某人也不是如此So +主语+be/助动词/情态动词某人确实如此,如：I have never been to Guangzhou University, neither/ nor has he. 我从来没有去过广州大学，他也是,*,7.在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。,（1）If I were you, I would work
18、 hard.Were I you, I would work hard. （2) If it should rain tomorrow, we would put off our meeting.Should it rain tomorrow, we would putoff our meeting,注意：我们可以说Were it not.或者Had it not been., 但不可以说Weren t it. 或者hadnt it been.,*,8.句首是表频率的副词及短语（often, well, many a time, now and again, once a week, now
19、and then, every other day 等) 开头的句子中,要用部分倒装结构。,如: Many a time has John given me good advice.Often have we made that test.,题： Many a time _ swimming alone.A. the boy wentB. went the boy C. did the boy goD. did go the boy,*,如果直接引语后注明引语是什么人所说的, 主语是名词时, 用倒装结构。主语是代词时, 一般不用倒装结构。 “ Let go,” said the man / h
20、e said.用于 某些祝愿的句子。 May you succeed.,*,倒装句中主谓何时不倒装,在需要倒装的种种句型中，有时主语和谓语并不需倒装，大致可归纳如下几种：,*,1. 疑问句中, 如果疑问词作主语或主语的修饰语, 主谓不倒装。,What happened to her?她出了什么事？How many people are working in that laboratory?有多少人在那间实验室里工作？,*,2. 在以 in, out, back, up, down, off, away, here, there 等副词开头的句子中,如果主语是人称代词, 主谓不倒装。 Away
21、he went to the station. 他到车站去了。 Here she comes. 她来了。,*,3. 如果置于句首的由 only 引导的词组不是状语，而是主语，则主谓不倒装。 Only the teachers are allowed to use this room. 只有教师可以使用这个房间。 Only some of the children like English. 只有一些孩子喜欢英语。,*,4. 如果置于句首的 not only but also 仅连接作主语的两个并列词组，则主语和谓语不倒装。 Not only men but also women and chi
22、ldren are affected by the new law. 新法律不仅对男人，而且对妇女和儿童也有影响。,*,5. 把副词性替代词 so 提前, 如果两句的主语相同, 且后者只是进一步肯定或强调前者, so 后面的语序不倒装。 Its raining. So it is. Bob didnt know about it. So he didnt.鲍勃不知道这件事。他确实不知道。,下雨了。是下雨了。,*,6. 以 so 开头的句型, 如果是 so it is (was) with + 另一主语, 此时主语和谓语不倒装。如： Marx was born in Germany and Ge
23、rman was his native language. So it was with Engels. 马克思出生在德国, 德语是他的母语, 恩格斯也是如此。,*,1. -Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother? -I dont know, _. A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neither D. I dont care also,配套练习,. Multiple choices.,*,2. Not until all the fish died in the river _
24、how serious the pollution was. A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized C. the villagers did realized D. didnt the villagers realized,*,3. Only in this way _ do it well. A. must we B. we could C. can we D. we can 4. Hardly _ when it began to rain. A. had he arrived B. arrived he C. he
25、had arrived D. did he arrive,*,5. Only when class began _ that he had left his book at home. A. will realize B. he did realize C. did he realize D. should he realize 6. Not a single mistake _ in the dictation yesterday. A. did he make B. made by him C. he made D. he had made,*,7. No sooner _ his tal
26、k than he _ by the workers. A. he finished; surrounded all B. did he finish; did surround C. had he finished; was surrounded D. after he finished; was surrounded near,*,8. Little _ know about verbs, Franz _ his head. A. did he; dare not lift B. he; dare not lift C. did he; dare not to lift D. doesnt
27、; doesnt dare lift,*,9. Not only _ a promise, but also kept it. A. had he made B. he had made C. did he make D. he makes10. I finally got the job. Never in all life_ so happy. A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt,*,11. In no country _ Britain, it has been said, _ experience four seaso
28、ns in the course of a single day. A. other than; one can B. other than; can one C. rather than; one can D. rather than; can one,*,12. _ a mobile phone can you ring _ you want to talk with anywhere. A. Using; whoever B. Only on; whoever C. With; whoever D. Using; whomever,*,教堂附近有一间破旧的小屋。 Near the chu
29、rch was a ruined cottage.2. 他一点也不知道, 警察就要逮捕他了。 Little does he know that the police are about to arrest him.,用倒装句翻译下列句子。,*,3. 如果我了解你的意图我就不会浪费时间向你解释了。 Had I realized what you intended I should not have wasted my time trying to explain matters to you.4. 那记号很小, 我几乎看不到。 So small was the mark that I could
30、 hardly see it.,*,参加会议有来自全国各地政府官员、商人、企业家。 Attending the meeting were government officials, businessmen and bankers from different parts of the country.,*,6. 无论什么情况下我们都不要放弃计划。 Under no circumstance can we give up the plan.,*,把下列句子改为倒装。,1. I have never seen him before. _ I seen him.2. she had hardly g
31、one out when a student came to see her. _ when a student came to see her.,Never before have,Hardly had she gone out,*,3. I didnt go there. he didnt go there either. I didnt go there, _.,neither/ nor did he,4. A terrible Genie(妖怪) stood before the fisherman. Before the fisherman _ _.,stood a,terrible
32、 Genie,*,5. In those days people seldom did experiment to test their ideas. _ to test their ideas.,Seldom did people do experiment,6. You can learn English well only in this way. _ you learn English well.,Only in this way can,*,7. Lu Xun was not only a great writer, but also a great thinker. _ a gre
33、at writer, but also a great thinker.,Not only was Lu Xun,8. It didnt stop raining until midnight. _ it stop raining.,Not until midnight did,*,根据括号内的汉语提示完成下列句子。1. When the dog attacked me, _ (我用棍子自卫).2. _ (我很少听到) such beautiful singing.,I defended myself against it with a stick,Seldom have I heard,*,3. He had a fever yesterday but now _ (他的体温似乎正常).4. I think this is the first time that we have met; _ _ (我们以前在哪儿都没见过).5. _ (他刚睡着) than he heard a knock at the door.,No sooner had he fallen asleep,his temperature seems normal,never have we seen each other before,*,
