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1、英语构词法,英语构词法主要有三种： 合成、派生与转化。,英语构词法种类,另外缩写和简写也是构词法的一种。,. 合成 : 有两个或更多的词合成一个词。复合名词class + room = classroom (名词+名词)black+ board= blackboard (形容词+名词),复合形容词warm + heart + ed = warmhearted 热心肠的good + looking = good-looking 相貌好看的world +wide= worldwide世界性的hard+ working=hard-working 努力工作的,复合动词 over + come = ov
2、ercome克服 (副词+动词)复合数词 fifty+ four= fifty-four复合代词 everyone, somebody, anything, nobody ( 不定代词+名词),复合副词down+ stairs = downstairs在楼下( 形容词+名词) whole+ heartedly =wholeheartedly 全神贯注地(副词+副词),2. 派生 : 是通过在词根上加前缀或者后缀构成一个新词。,happy - unhappydevelop - development,前缀:一般只引起意思上的变化而不造成词类的变化，只有少数能引起词类的变化。,mis- 错误的 +
3、 understand v. 理解 - misunderstand v. 误解,en + large adj. 大的 - enlarge v. 扩大,后缀:一般只引起词性上的变化而不造成意思的变化。,care v. 照料 - careful adj. 细心的work v. 工作 - worker n. 工人,常见的前缀,(A)表示否定的前缀： un-unfair,unhappy non-nonsmoker (常用在n. adj. adv. 前) in-inactive (常用在adj.后) dis-disagree, disappear,dislike im-impolite, impossi
4、ble (用在b,p,m 开头的词前),(B).表示错误或失误的前缀: mis-misunderstand, misdirect(误导),(C)表示两个,双边的前缀： bi- bicolor ( 双色的), bicycle表示相互,交互,在一起的前缀interinterview, international, internet(E)表示又,再,重新的前缀 rereview, return, rewrite(F)表示远的前缀tele telephone, television,常见的后缀,1.动词变名词：-tion educate-education, invite-invitation, pr
5、edict-prediction-ment development, movement, disappointment,-er teacher, worker, runner, singer-or visitor, sailor, tutor, actor,名词后缀补充:-ist ( 人,名词后缀)science-scientist, terror-terrorist-ese( 民族,语言,名词后缀) Chinese, Japanese,2.形容词变名词-ness goodgoodness, happy-happiness,busy-business , carecareless-carele
6、ssness-ity able-ability, possible-possibility,3.名词变形容词：-y: windy, rainy, healthy, cloudy, funny, sunny-ish: foolish, childish, girlish-some: handsome, troublesome-ous: dangerous, humorous-ful: helpful, careful, peaceful, colorful-less: homeless, helpless, careless,useless,-ed surprised, bored,excite
7、d,relaxed,interested-ing surprising, boring,exciting,relaxing, interesting, outstanding,4.动词变形容词-al: traditional, international, nature-natural,5. 名词、形容词变动词：-ify: beauty-beautify, simple-simplify-ize: realize-en: quicken, sharpen , widen,3. 转化 : 是指有一种词类转化为另一种词类。单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切.,water n. 水 - wat
8、er vt. 浇水,常见的转化形式：动词 - 名词名词 - 动词形容词-动词,动词-名词stop v. 停止 - n.车站watch v. 观看 - -n. 手表look v. 看-have a look n. 看 walk v. 散步,走-take a walk n.散步love v. 爱-your love n. 爱,名词 -动词 hand n. 手 - vt. 上交seat n. 座位 - vt. 坐nurse n. 护士 - vt. 护理oil n. 油 - vt. 上油time n. 时间 - vt. 定时，测时show n. 展示,秀-vt. 表演,秀-,形容词-动词 open (
9、adj. 开着的)open( v.开) clean(adj. 清洁的)-clean(v.打扫) slow( adj. 慢的)-slow ( v. 放慢),. 缩写和简写 : 缩写和简写(也被称为截断法或缩短法)主要采取: “截头”,“去尾”或者 “既截头又去尾”的方法生成新词.,telephone-phone airplaneplanelaboratory-lab mathematics-math advertisementadexamination-exam Identification-ID,另外还有许多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组成.CD ( compact disk)CCTV( China Central Television)NBA (National Basketball Association)UFO( unidentified flying object)UN( United Nations) USA( United States of America),
