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1、,冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种，一种是定冠词（the Definite Article），另一种是不定冠词（the Indefinite Article），还有一种是零冠词（Zero Article）。,冠词及冠词的用法,1,不定冠词a (an)与数词one 同源，是“一个”的意思。a用于辅音音素前，一般读作e，而an则用于元音音素前，一般读做en。,1) 表示一个，意为one；指某人或某物，意为a certain。,2) 代表一类人或物。,3) 词组或成语。,A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.,A
2、 knife is a tool for cutting with. Mr. Smith is an engineer.,a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden,不定冠词的用法,2,4). 用在称呼前，含
3、有“我不认识的感觉” A Mr. Smith is waiting to see you.一位史密斯先生正等着要见您。,4. 可以表示量度单位，每40 km an/per hour 每小时40公里twice a/per day 每天两次,5. 与可数名词连用位于what, such之后，表示感叹，或强调程度What a surprise! 真是让人吃惊。My boss is such a fool! 我的老板这么蠢。,6. 用在形容词最高级前，相当于very。This is a most useful dictionary.这是一本非常有用的字典。,8. 用在many, quite, rath
4、er, such, twice, what 等词后面，构成短语。Its quite a problem. 这是一个相当难的问题。Ive never seen such an exciting football match before. 我以前从来没见过这么精彩的比赛。,比较“a”和“an”的不同用法,a用于发音以辅音开头的词前，an用于发音以元音开头的词前：,a university student 一个大学生an umbrella 一把雨伞,a European 一个欧洲人an Englishman 一个英国人,a one-eyed man 一个独眼人an old man 一个老人,a h
5、ouse 一栋房子an hour 一个小时an honest boy 一个诚实的孩子,a man 一位男士an “m” 一个“m”,定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有“那（这）个”的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。,1）特指双方都明白的人或物：,2）上文提到过的人或事：,Take the medicine.把药吃了。,He bought a house.Ive been to the house.他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。,3）指世上独一物二的事物：,the sun， the sky， the moon， the earth,4）单数名词连用
6、表示一类事物，如：,the dollar 美元; the fox 狐狸；或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：the rich 富人; the living 生者。,定冠词的用法,3,5）用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only， very， same等前面：,Where do you live?I live on the second floor. 你住在哪？我住在二层。,Thats the very thing Ive been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。,6）与复数名词连用，指整个群体：,They are the teachers of this school. (指全
7、体教师)They are teachers of this school. (指部分教师),7）表示所有，相当于物主代词，用在表示身体部位的名词 前：,She caught me by the arm.她抓住了我的手臂。,8）用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级 、等专有名词前：,the Peoples Republic of China 中华人民共和国the United States 美国,9）用在表示乐器的名词之前：,She plays the piano.她会弹钢琴。,10) 用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人：,the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫妇),11) 用
8、在惯用语中：,in the day, in the morning (afternoon，evening),the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday,the next morning,in the sky (water，field，country)in the dark,in the rain,in the distance,in the middle (of),in the end,on the whole,by the way,go to the theatre,6. 用在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪中几十年代in the 1870s 十
9、九世纪七十年代 ,10. 和表示数量的名词连用，表示“以为单位”Eggs are sold by the dozen. 鸡蛋按打来卖。He is paid by the hour / the day/ week/ month.他按小时/天/周/月来付酬。,11. 与名词连用时，要注意与不定冠词的区别。a / the most interesting非常有趣的 / 最有趣的a / the number of 许多/ 的数量for a/ the moment 片刻，一会儿/ 暂时，目前give sb. a / the push 推某人一下/ 解雇某人,1）国名，人名前通常不用定冠词：England
10、，Mary；,2）泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时，可不用定冠词；,They are teachers. 他们是教师。,3）抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词：,Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。,4）物质名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词，当表示特定 的意思时，需要加定冠词：,Man cannot live without water.人离开水就无法生存。,5）在季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名 词之前，不加冠词：,We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。,零
11、冠词的用法,4,2. 用在泛指的一日三餐前Have you had breakfast/ lunch/ dinner?你吃早饭/午饭/晚饭了吗？比较：The breakfast was well cooked. 这顿早饭做得好。,3. 用在球类，棋类之前Lets go and play football.我们去踢足球吧。How about having a game of chess, John? 约翰，咱们下盘棋好吗？,6. 用在表示学科的名词之前。English, Chinese, mathematics,8. 用在某些习惯用语中go to school (college, hospita
12、l, class, church, bed)by bike, (bus, train, car, boat, ship, plane, air)at sunrise, (sunset, noon, night, midnight),6）在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不加冠词：,The guards took the American to General Lee. 士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。,7）在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词 如：,have breakfast，play chess,8）当两个或两个以上名词并用时，常省去冠词：,I cant write without
13、pen or pencil.没有钢笔和铅笔，我就写不了字。,9）当by 与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无 冠词：by bus，by train；,11）不用冠词的序数词:,10）有些个体名词不用冠词；如： school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed， table，class，town，church，court 等个体名词， 直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义；,go to hospital去医院看病go to the hospital去医院 (并不是去看病，而是 有其他目的),a. 序数词前有物主代词 b. 序数词作副词 He ran fi
14、rst in the race.c. 在固定词组中 at first, first of all, from first to last,12）如果名词前已有this, that, these, those, whose, which, my, your, their, his, her, its, some, every等一类词时， 就不再加定冠词，因为这时它已经比较明白了。,试比较：,有无冠词，意义不同,at table 在进餐at the table 在餐桌房,in hospital 在住院in the hospital 在医院里,in school 在学习；在学校上课in the sc
15、hool 在学校里,out of question 不成问题；豪无疑问out of the question 不可能；办不到,go to school 上学go to the school 到学校去,go to hospital 去看病go to the hospital 到医院去,go to bed 去睡觉go to the bed 向那张床走去,名词是秃子，常要戴帽子。可数名词单，须用a或an。辅音前用a，an用元音前。若为特指时，则须用定冠。复数不可数，泛指the不见。碰到代词时，冠词均不现。,冠词用法歌诀,5,1) 两个形容词都有冠词，表示两个不同东西。,He raises a bla
16、ck and a white cat. 他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。The black and the white cats are hers. 这只黑猫和白猫都是他的。,2) 如后一个形容词无冠词，则指一物。,He raises a black and white cat. 他养了一只花猫。,冠词与形容词+名词结构,6,1) 不定冠词位置,不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意：,a. 位于下列形容词之后： such，what，many，half，,I have never seen such an animal.Many a man is fit for the job.,b. 当名词前的形
17、容词被副词as, so, too, how, however, enough修饰时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后：,It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.So short a time.Too long a distance.,c. quite，rather与单数名词连用，冠词放在其后。,但当rather，quite 前仍有形容词，不定冠词放其前后均 可。如：quite a lot,冠词的位置,7,d. 在as，though 引导的让步状语从句中，当表语为形容词 修饰的名词时，不定冠词放形容词后：,Brave a man though he is
18、，he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他尽管勇敢，可见到蛇还是发抖。,当名词被比较级形容词修饰时，不定冠词通常置于比较级形容词之后。,2) 定冠词位置,定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前，但放在all， both，double，half，twice，three times等词之后，名词之前。,All the students in the class went out.班里的所有学生都出去了。,检测,1.Alice is fond of playing _ piano while Henry is interested in listening to _ mu
19、sic. A. /, the B. /, / C. the, /D. the, the 2.Alexander Grander Bell invented _ telephone in 1876. A. /B. aC. the D. one 3.-Wheres Jack? - I think hes still in _ bed, but he might just be in _ bathroom. A. /, /B. the, the C. the, /D. /, the,4.Many people are still in _ habit of writing silly things
20、in _ public places.A. the, theB. /, theC. the, /D. /, /5.She is _ newcomer to _ chemistry, but she has already made some important discoveries. A. the, theB. the, /C. a, /D. a, the6.Wouldnt it be _ wonderful world if all nations lived in _ peace with one another? A. a, /B. the, /C. a, theD. the, the
21、,检测,7.Many people agree that _ knowledge of English is a must in _ international trade today. A. a, /B. the, anC. the, theD. /, the8.- Have you seen _pen? I left it here this morning. - Is it _ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.A. a, the B. the, the C. a, a D. the, a 9. Paper money was in _ use
22、in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _ thirteenth century. A. the, /B. the, theC. /, the D. /, /,检测,10. Most animals have little connection with _ animals of _ different kind unless they kill them for food. A. the, aB. /, aC. the, the D. /, the11. _coffee that we drank just now was given
23、to us by _ Jacksons. A. /, /B. The, /C. /, the D. The, the 12. I remember he lives in _ south, so we shouldnt be walking _ south. A. /, /B. /, theC. the, /D. the, the,检测,13. They spent _ getting the problem settled. A. so a long timeB. quite a long time C. quite long a timeD. such long a time14. _Peoples Republic of China has opened its door to _ rest of _ world.A. The, /, the B. /, the, the C. The, the, the D. /, /, the 15. Your shoes and mine are _. A. of size B. in a size C. same big D. of a size,检测,Thank you!,
