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1、四级备考写作,大学英语四级作文,评分标准历年真题、写作原则及方法起承转合写作技巧常见错误实战练习,理论篇,写作部分要求考生用英语进行短文写作，思想表达准确、意义连贯、无重大语法错误。重点考察的技能:A 思想表达 B 篇章组织C 语言运用 D 写作格式,思想表达,1.表达中心思想2.表达重要或特定信息3.表达观点、态度等,篇章组织,4.围绕所给的题目叙述、议论或描述，突出重点5.连贯地组句成段，组段成篇,语言运用,6.运用恰当的词汇7.运用正确的语法8.运用合适的句子结构9.使用正确的标点符号10.运用衔接手段表达句间关系(如对比、原因、结果、程度、目的等),写作格式,11.运用正确的符合英语表
2、达习惯的写作格式,评分原则,1.CET作文题采用总体评分(Global Scoring)方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分(Reward Scores), 而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。2.从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体。作文应表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否 切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而合适地表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。,2分：条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。5分：基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。8分：基本切题。有些地方
3、表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯;语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。11分：切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14分：切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺、连贯，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。(注：白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给0分。)字数不足应酌情扣分。各分数段范文,A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction,I feel it a great honor to be your tour guide today. First, on behalf of my company, I warmly welc
4、ome all my distinguished guests from Australia to visit Shanghai and the Oriental Pearl TV Tower. Located on the Huangpu River, the Oriental Pearl TV Tower is now the symbol of the city. Built in 1994 and opened to the public in 1995, it is now the highest building in Shanghai and the third highest
5、in Asia. The Tower has a quite unique structure and consists of 3 large balls and 5 small balls. Inside the balls, you can have a birds eye view of the city. Our schedule for the trip to the TV Tower is as follows: you have an hour from 9:30-10:30am to experience the history of Shanghai on the first
6、 floor. Then well assemble in the middle of the hall at 10:30 and have another hour to overlook at the beautiful city sceneries in the middle ball. Finally please do remember to go to the top ball at 11:30 to enjoy your lunch. Thanks for listening. Have a good time! (14/184),A Brief Introduction to
7、a Tourist Attraction,Welcome to this beautiful city Hangzhou. Im very honored to be your tour guide to show you the most charming scenery of the city. Im sure you will never forget the wonderful visit I will lead you to. Now, Im going to give you the introduction of todays schedule. In the morning,
8、we will visit the Lingyin Temple. Its one of the most famous temple in China because of its long history and good location. After visiting the temple, we plan to have lunch at the restaurant near the West Lake. There, you will have the real traditional Chinese food and enjoy the landscape of West La
9、ke. In the afternoon, we will go to Leifeng Tower which has an romantic Chinese love story which I will tell you during the visiting. After dinner, I will show you the most well-known scenery-West Lake. You can boating in the lake and enjoy the beautiful views. What do you think of the plan? If you
10、have some advise, please tell me. I will arrange it and give you a most comfortable trip.(11/179),A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction,Welcome everyone come to visit Shanghai. Im the tour guide. Im glad to introduce you the city where I grow up. Now the following is the schedule for the day
11、where we will go. At first, well go to the Shanghai Museum at 9 am. I believe youll like there. You can learn some history of China as you are interest in our country. Secondly, at noon, well go to the Yu Garden and have a rest. You can not only buy something that you like but also have something to
12、 eat. The food is so delicious that Im sure that everyone will like. At 2 pm well go to the next site which is also the last one today. The last place is Pudong. Youll find the development of Shanghai is fast. And at about 4 pm, it will be end and well go back to the hotel. I hope everyone will have
13、 a good time today. If you meet with troubles, you can turn to me for help at any time.(8/173),A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction,Hello! Everybody. Welcome to here! Today Im yours guide. I believe we will have a good trip.We will go to the An Ji. An Ji is very beautiful city in Zhe Jiang.
14、I think you will be intrest in it. The days plan is so much. First, We will go to the ZhuZhong Yuan at 8:00 am. There have so much and vary of ZhuZi. At 11:30 am, We will eating lunch.And at the afternoon, We will go to the Canglong BaiPu. At 1:00 pm in the mountain, a river still around it. The riv
15、er so clear and cold. We can see some small fish in the river. Walk along the stone road. We will be seeing the view beside of the back to hotel. Later, You can eating the dinner in the hotel. This is the plan of today. Now, Are you have some questions? If have then asked me, And I will give you a p
16、erfect answer!So I hope and believe that We will have a good trip.(5/173),A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction,Im very glad to your come to Shanghai, Welcome. we are visit Jin Mao Building today. Jin Mao Building stand Lujiazui Finanent Trade, in Pu Dong. The shopping and eating all above in
17、 Lujazui Finanent Trade. Zheng Da Guang Chang, do Fang Ming Zhu etc.Jin Mao Building is 800 miller-higher, Jin Mao Kai Yue Hotel in it. Its the highest for Building in Shanghai. At 88 stairs, We can look all of Shanghai, Jin Mao Building is steel above all, glass above with. Its very clear in the Su
18、ny.Some business office in here, so its the famous Finanent Trade in Shanghai.We are visiting Jin Mao Building can introduce peoples living in Shanghai.Im wish your visit happy today.(2/121) 返回,历年真题,2010/6Due Attention Should Be Given to Spelling 1.如今不少学生在 英语学习中不重视拼写2.出现这种情况的原因3.这种现象导致的结果,2009/12Cre
19、ate a Green Campus 1.建设绿色校园十分重要2.绿色校园不仅指绿色环境3.为了建设绿色校园我们应该,2009/6Free admission to museums越来越多的博物馆免费开放的目的是什么?也会带来一些问题你的看法,2008/12Disposable Plastic Bags 1.一次性塑料袋的使用2.使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题3.限制使用一次性塑料袋的意义,2008/6Recreational activity 1.娱乐活动多种多样2.娱乐也可能有危害性3.作为大学生，我的看法。,2007/12Electives on campus1、各大学开设了各种各样的选修课
20、2、学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课3、以你自己为例,2007/6An introduction to a club1、本社团的主要活动内容2、参加本社团的好处3、如何加入本社团,2006/12the CCTV Spring Festival Gala 1.许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春节晚会2.但有些人提出取消春节晚会。3.我的看法。,2006/6An announcement for a voluntary program1、校学生会组织一次暑假志愿活动现招聘志愿者2、本次志愿者活动的目的、内容及安排3、报名条件和联系方式,2005/12 Should the University Campu
21、s Be Open to Tourists? 1.名校校园正成为旅游新热点2.校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同3.我认为,10=2+88= (议论文, 记叙文, 说明文, etc.)2= (应用文),写作的原则,抛开各类文体作文的写作技巧等理论不说 ,单就实用的原则来看，写四级作文应注意的主要方面有五:1.切题2.干净3.减少错误4.开门见山5.闪光点。,切题,Is it really easy for you?Examples: Benefits of Sports（运动的好处）How university graduates find work,干净,作文干不干净已不再是一个战术性小事，
22、而成了一个战略性问题。记住，把你的作文写得干净整齐就等于向阅卷人员发送一个信息“老师，我尊重你的辛勤劳动!”,减少错误,Play safe (求稳, 小心行事),开门见山,Example: Good Health Importance of good health Ways to keep fit. My own practices.With the rapid development of our economy，with the improvement of our living standard，with more and more peoples realization of the
23、importance of good health，now people are attaching greater importance to their health. (X),闪光点,单词、句子结构、语法、词组, 或是具体的事例等, 都可称得上是一篇作文的闪光点.,写作过程,审题并列出提纲（约5分钟）开始写:（1）切题（2）干净（3）少犯错误（4）开门见山（5）闪光点（约20分钟）交卷前检查（1）拼写错误（2）语法错误等（约5分钟) 返回,实战篇,确定文章的段落结构一般来说，一篇完整的四级应试作文应该包括三个部分:开头(起)、中间(承、转)、结尾(合),Will E-books repl
24、ace traditional books?1). 随着信息技术的发展，电子图书越来越多2). 有人认为电子图书会取代传统图书，理由是3). 我的看法,Para. 1：Phenomenon: ubiquitous E-books nowadays/E-books become more popularReasons: the development of information technology (IT)Examples: E-products/e-based productse-mails, e-tickets, e-tests, e-books etc.,Para. 2：Some pe
25、rsons view: E-books will replace traditional books.Reasons: advantages of E-books; disadvantages of traditional booksExamples: read online without payment; immediate reading newly headline information,Para. 3：(possible version 1)My view: agreeReasons: advantages of E-books; (convenient and accessibl
26、e; easily storing and place-saving; easy-reading; environment protection)Examples: bamboo-based books replaced by paper-based books,(possible version 2)My view: disagreeReasons: advantages of traditional booksExamples: reading traditional books is good for eyes/healthy,(possible version 3)My view: (
27、neither totally agree nor totally disagree) coexistReasons: both has its advantages of existingExamples: young people like E-books, while the old like traditional books; coexisting of camera and painting,起承转合句型或词组多样化句型连接词,起,When asked about/ When it comes to/ Faced with , some people claim/think/arg
28、ue/believe that , but/while others (differently)Nowadays there is much/general discussion as to .With the development/improvement/growth of ,Now, it is commonly/widely/increasingly believed/thought/held/acknowledge that ,According to a recent survey/investigation/poll, A recent statistics shows that
29、 Have you ever thought/wondered ?Suppose A proverb says, As everyone knows, .,A proverb says. At present. As the proverb says. Currently. Generally speaking, . Now,. In general, . On the Whole. It is clear that. Recently. It is often said that. Without doubt, .,承,Those who hold .It is true that To b
30、e sure First/Firstly The main/leading/underlying/root/ primary/chief/essential .,First(of all), . Moreover, . Firstly, . No one can deny that. In the first place, . Obviously. To begin with, . Of course, . Also, . Similarly,. At the same time. Therefore, we should realize that. Certainly. There is n
31、o doubt that. In addition,. Whats more, . In fact. It can be easily proved that. Meanwhile.,转,It sounds like a good /attractive idea (suggestion), but they fail to understand / see / notice.There is probably an element of truth in the arguments (ideas), but they ignore a more important (basic) fact
32、Closer examination / analysis, however, suggests / shows that this argument (claim, idea) may not be supported by the following evidence (facts, examples, statistics).Close (careful) examination (analysis) of these arguments (ideas, suggestions), however, would reveal (suggest, prove) how flimsy (不足
33、信的，不严密)(fallacious（靠不住的）, groundless（没有根据的）) they are.,However logical (sound, forcible(有说服力) these arguments may be, they dont make sense (only skim the surface of the problem) when is viewed the other way (taken into consideration).As opposed to (Contrary to) the widely (commonly, generally) held
34、idea (belief, view), new studies (facts) challenge (fail to justify) the opinion (view).Good/Superior/Wonderful as ., it has its own disadvantages/ it brings its own problems.,They may be right about , but they seem to neglect / fail to mention / take into account In all the discussion and debate ov
35、er , one important/basic fact is ignored / overlooked / neglected.It is true that / Admittedly, but it is unlikely/ it doesnt follow/ it doesnt mean that There is an element of truth in these arguments / statements, but they ignore a deeper and more basic / essential / important fact /factor In many
36、 cases, however, As far as is concerned, ,But. Still, . But the problem is not so simple. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to. However, . To our surprise,. Nevertheless, . Unfortunately. On the other hand, . Yet difference will be found and that is
37、why I feel that. Others may find this to be true, but I do not. I think.,合,Experience/Evidence/All the facts suggest/show/demonstrate/ indicate that From what has been discussed above/Taking into account all these factors, we may safely draw/reach/come to/arrive/ the conclusion thatIn conclusion/To
38、sum up/In summary/In short/To conclude .,It is important/necessary/essential that effective / proper / powerful actions / measure / remedies should be taken to Above all, In brief, . Accordingly, . In conclusion, . All in all, . In other words, it is hard to escape the conclusion that. As a conseque
39、nce, . In short, . As I have shown/said/stated/. In sum, . In summary, . As has been noted, . Obviously, . By so doing, . On the whole, . Consequently, . Presumably, . Eventually, . To conclude, . Finally, . To sum up, . In a word, . To summarize, . 返回,1) 定语从句 (限定性和非限定性)There are many reasons why I
40、want to study in your university.It is estimated that tens of billions of yuan is spent on cigarettes every year in our country, which is a huge waste.2) 状语从句 (时间，原因，地点，条件，让步等)When the man is enjoying the cigarette, the smoke becomes a monster (怪物) which will devour him.Whatever the reason, there ar
41、e still some problems with student use of computers.3) 分词短语做定语或状语Mr. Kang came to our university, giving us a lecture on how to prepare for the CET Band-4.,多样化句式,4) 强调句It was him who gave up much hope for the future.5) 倒装句Only through these measures can we hope to solve the problem.6) 省略句If so, we h
42、ave to give it up.If necessary.Whatever the reason.7) What句型We totally agree with what you have just said.8) 设问句Do you still remember the boy who cried wolf for several times so no one would trust him? 返回,连接词,（1）表选择关系或对等关系的连接词：eitheror，neithernor, or, as well as, and, bothand。 （2）表因果关系或对等关系的连接词：ther
43、efore, so, as a result, as the result of ，because of, due to ,owing to, thanks to等。 （3）表时间顺序的连接词：the moment, as soon as, at first, then, later, meanwhile, at the beginning, in the end, before long, for the first（second）time, the minute等。 （4）表转折关系的连接词：yet, and yet, but , while, on the contrary, on th
44、e other hand, however, at the same time（然而）等。,（5）表解释说明的连接词：that is, that is to say, in other words, such as, for instance, and so on, etc. and the like等。 （6）表递进关系的连接词：not onlybut (also), what，s more, whats worse, besides, in addition, worse still, moreover, above all等。 （7）表示总结的连接词：in a word, on the
45、whole, in short, briefly, in brief, to sum up, in all等。 返回,写作技巧,佳词妙句三十例,佳词妙句三十例,1.individuals,characters, folks替换(people ,persons)2: positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising (有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替换good3:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换bad 如果
46、bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替换many.,5: a slice of, quiet a few , several替换some6:harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that)替think
47、(因为是书面语，所以要加that)7:affair ,business ,matter 替换thing8: shared 代 common9.reap huge fruits 替换get many benefits )10:for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion,11:Increasing(ly),growing 替换more and more( 注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.12.little if anything,
48、或little or nothing替换hardly13.beneficial, rewarding替换helpful,14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser, 替换customer15.exceedingly,extremely, intensely 替换very16.hardly necessary, hardly inevitable . 替换 unnecessary, avoidable,17.sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest
49、in / sb. be interested in18.capture ones attention替换attract ones attention.19.facet,demension,sphere代aspect20.be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of代 indicate, suggest ,fear21.give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换cause.22. There are several reasons behind sth 替换.reasons for sth23.d
50、esire 替换want.,24.pour attention into 替换pay attention to25.bear in mind that 替换remember26. enjoy, possess 替换have(注意process是过程的意思)27. interaction替换communication28.frown on sth替换 be against , disagree with sth29.to name only a few, as an example替换 for example, for instance30. next to / virtually imposs
