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1、The art of Public Speaking,The art of Public speaking,首先从“外研社杯”全国英语大赛比赛规则讲起,The art of Public speaking,Speaking,The art of Public Speaking,比赛程序第一阶段1. 定题演讲：每位选手演讲时间3分钟题目：What we cannot afford to lose2.回答问题：2个问题，每个问题1分钟。,The art of Public Speaking,比赛程序第二阶段1. 即兴演讲： 选手上场前20分钟抽题 演讲时间为3分钟2.回答问题：2个问题，每个问题1
2、分钟。3. 综合知识速答：选手当场选择题号，并回答两个问题，每道题为0.5分。共1分。,The art of Public Speaking,评分标准第一阶段：,The art of Public Speaking,第二阶段：,The art of Public Speaking,Public speakingSupporting your ideas,The art of Public Speaking,Presenting the central ideas/purpose Supporting your ideas Conclusion,The art of Public Speakin
3、g,Supporting your ideasSupporting materials:,The art of Public Speaking,1. General Tea is very popular.2.Less general:Large quantities of tea are consumed by people around the globe.,3. Specific Tea is second only to water as the worlds most consumed beverage. More tea is consumed each year than all
4、 other manufactured drinks in the world put together, including coffee, chocolate, soft drinks and alcohol. Total tea consumption is 4 billion kilograms annually.,The art of Public Speaking,Examples:1)Brief example: Changes in technology have made it for doctors to work wonders that once seemed impo
5、ssible. Roger Charter, for example, lost both of his feet when they were crushed in the truck accident. Now he has new feetmade of a springy plastic alloy that duplicates a normal arch. Not only can he walk normally, but he can run and play sports again.,The art of Public Speaking,Japanese businessm
6、en have already applied Confucian ethics in the their business management, and the American military academy, West Point, has taken Sunzis The Art of War as one of their textbooks. In theses years, the cream of our culture, such as traditional medical science and medicine, acupuncture, Tai Chi, and
7、paper cutting, has won popularity in the world.,The art of Public Speaking,2) Extended example: In the history of Olympic Games, there have been many shinning stars. Among them was a European girl. With the lapse of the time, her name is faded from memory, yet her unbending spirit shall never perish
8、. It was she who highlighted the Olympic Creed.,The art of Public Speaking,In lead through she has been, she stumbled near the terminus and her leg was injured. Competitors passed her from behind in succession until finally only her weak and lonely figure remained on the track. Doctors came and offe
9、red to take her away. Yet she refused. With the only strength left in her, she managed to get up and shuffled feebly to the endpoint with drops of blood along her trail. But cheers broke out. Though she failed in the race, the girl won applause from people all over the world. It was she who elucidat
10、ed the Olympic Creed of participation. It was she who instilled perseverance in our minds.,The art of Public Speaking,3) Hypothetical example: Imagine this: your father has been stricken with serious heart disease. At the hospital, you learn he has a chance to survive if he can receive a heart trans
11、plant. But there are no heart donors available. Your father is one of the 1.5 million Chinese each year who need an organ transplant but cannot get one because of a shortage of donors.,The art of Public Speaking,Tips for using examplesMake examples vivid and richly texturedReinforce examples with st
12、atistics or testimony,The art of Public Speaking,Statistics 1) Single statistics: To document different saving rates in China and the United States: “Last year Chinas saving rate was 45 percent of GDP, according China Daily. The U.S. rate, including households and corporations, was a mere 12 percent
13、 of GDP.,The art of Public Speaking,2) Multiple statistics: Tourism is a huge global industry. According to the World Tourism Organization, last year there were 922 million international tourist arrivals, with total receipts of almost U.S. $1 trillion. France is the leading tourist nation, with 80 m
14、illion visitors each year. China, with 50 million visitors, is closing in on the U.S. as the worlds third most popular destination.,The art of Public Speaking,Tips 1. Use representative statistics2. Identify the sources of statistics3. Use the statistics from the reliable source4. Round off complica
15、ted statistics5. Explain the statistics 6. Use visual aids to clarify statistics,The art of Public Speaking,Testimony 1)Expert testimonyAccording to Fan Li, deputy director of PLA general hospital, China is experiencing a surge in the number of people with anxiety, depression, and other forms of men
16、tal illness. Fan also noted that mental health service users are getting younger and younger, with the youngest reported case just eight years old.,The art of Public Speaking,2) Peer testimony Itzhak Perlman, the world-renowned violinist whose legs are paralyzed, once said, “when you are in a wheelc
17、hair, people dont talk to you. Perhaps they think it is contagious, or perhaps they think crippled legs mean a crippled mind. But whatever the reasons, they treat you like a thing.”,The art of Public Speaking,Tips1. Decide whether to quote or paraphrase2. Quote or paraphrase accurately3. Use testimo
18、ny from qualified source4. Use testimony from unbiased source 5. Identify the people you quote or paraphrase,The art of Public Speaking,Exercises: Should we retire later? The Ministry of human resources and social security dropped a bombshell two months ago by saying that it was considering raising
19、the retirement age, or the age threshold when a retiree can start drawing his or her pension.,The art of Public Speaking,Currently, the retirement age in china is 60 for men or 55 for women which are considerably earlier than most other countries in the world. The ministrys comments, coupled with ac
20、ademic research claiming that chinas social security fund is running a huge deficit, stirred up fears that todays workers may not be able to enjoy their full pensions when they retire.,The art of Public Speaking,On June 18 the peoples Daily reported that the national pension fund actually had a surp
21、lus of 1.95 trillion Yuan by late last year, denying previous media reports about the deficit. But the debate over whether the government should raise the retirement age and if it is fair to the current workforce is still going on. Media outlets and pundits have been busy trying to explain the pictu
22、re, and the ministry has yet to release any more clarification on any policy moves. So, what is your opinion? Should the current retirement age be raised?,The art of Public Speaking,Yes ! As life expectancy rises in China, a higher retirement age is inevitable,The art of Public Speaking,1. People ar
23、e living longer and as a result more money is needed to look after their old age. Without asking them to work longer to support themselves before they start enjoying their pension, there is no way to come up with the additional resources to keep the balance.,The art of Public Speaking,2. The current
24、 retirement age was written into law in the late 1970s, when social conditions were entirely different from today in term of economic development, life expectancy, the cost of living and healthcare costs. The current retirement age is completely out of date and threatens to affect the Chinese econom
25、y if it remains unchanged.,The art of Public Speaking,3. Lots of social problems arise today because people retire too young and most retirees are in good health but have trouble finding meaningful things to do, or entertaining themselves. Raising the retirement age can help them put their energy an
26、d rich work experience to good and gainful use.,The art of Public Speaking,No !Raising the retirement age will create more problems than it solves.,The art of Public Speaking,1. It is unfair to ask the current generation of workers to work longer so as to make up the deficit in the national social s
27、ecurity fund, which was caused by previous generations. There should be other ways of meeting the deficit without forcing the burden on current workers.,The art of Public Speaking,2. Raising the retirement age means millions of jobs will be taken away from young people, because older workers will re
28、tain those jobs instead of retiring. This will create huge youth unemployment and cause social problems.,The art of Public Speaking,3. The government shouldnt shift the responsibility of taking care of retirees onto the current workforce. The deficit in the social security fund is due to government
29、miscalculation and years of inaction. The government should use its own resources such as profits from State-owned enterprises, or tax revenue, to fill the hole in the pension fund.,The Art of Public Speaking,Speaking in Competition练习过程,The Art of Public Speaking,外国语学院,The Art of Public Speaking,Com
30、petition as communication,外语学院 C,The Art of Public SpeakingPrepared speech,preparation,Presentation,The Art of Public Speaking,Competition as communicationCreativity The top speakers bring their ideas to life with creativity.,The Art of Public Speaking,Sample with commentary:New Beijing: The Three C
31、olored Olympics,The Art of Public Speaking,Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen:Bidding for the Olympic Games is, in a way, an image-creating undertaking. The first and foremost thing is to let people fall in love with the city at first sight, attracting them by its unique image. What image does Bei
32、jing intend to create for itself once it has the opportunity to host the 2008 Olympic Games? It is known to all that the Beijing Municipal Government has already set the theme for the future Games: “New Beijing, Great Olympics.” for me, The 2008 Olympics will be a great green Olympics illuminated wi
33、th two more special colors, yellow and red.,The speakers opening sets the tone for the rest of the speech. Each sentence builds on the previous one, leading to the speakers central idea, which she identified at the end of the paragraph.,The Art of Public Speaking,First, yellow is meaningful color. T
34、he yellow River is Chinas mother river and the cradle of Chinese civilization. We are of the yellow race and descendants of the Yellow Emperor. This color has a special origin and great significance for the Chinese people. Beijing is the capital of New China, and previously the capital of nine dynas
35、ties in Chinese history. So yellow will naturally add splendor to the 2008 Games.,A signpost (first) lets the audience know that the speaker is moving into the body of her speech. Her use of different color for each main point as the speech proceeds make her ideas distinct and memorable.,The Art of
36、Public Speaking,Secondly, the 2008 Olympic Games will be red pageant. Red is another traditionally cherished color for the whole country. We adore red. On big occasions, we like to decorate our homes red. It is the color of double happiness, representing joyous moments, auspiciousness, enthusiasm, a
37、nd prosperity. Red is one of the most suitable colors to describe the future of Beijing. Beijing, together with the whole country, is becoming more and more prosperous in the process of modernization. Should the 2008 Olympic Games be held in Beijing, the whole city will be a sea of red the red torch
38、, red flags, red flowers, and the radiant faces of millions of joyful people.,Another signpost (secondly) makes the speakers second point stand out in the audiences mind. She develops the point with vivid, stirring imagery and clear, uncluttered language.,The Art of Public Speaking,Above all, the 20
39、08 Olympics will be green Olympics. Adding a green ingredient is essential in creating an appealing image. As we cant deny the fact that Beijing, at the moment, is not as green a city as we would like it to be. Striving for a environmentally appealing city has become a central task for all the citiz
40、ens of Beijing. Big efforts have been made in pollution control, replacing, and beautification to the city.,A final signpost (above all) indicates that the speaker is starting her last main point. Her notion of a green Olympics provides artistic unity by paralleling her use of yellow and red in the
41、previous main points.,The Art of Public Speaking,According to a project entitled “The Green Olympic Action Plan”, between 1998and 2007, Beijing will have invested 100billion RMB in preserving and protecting the environment. Some 12.5 million trees and over 1 million acres of grass will be planted al
42、ong the fourth ring road. By then, the citys green area will make up 40 percent of its total. The city also dredge its reservoirs used as water supply to Beijing residents controlling industrial pollution and moving out the 200 factories presently located within the city proper.,The speaker uses sta
43、tistics to illustrate the efforts to ensure a green Olympics in Beijing. She rounds off her statistics and identifies her sources.,The Art of Public Speaking,Certainly, all of this is no easy task. But I am sure that all of us have confidence that we will realize these green goals. For now, we have
44、the full support and participation of the environmentally conscious citizens. Each citizen is showing great concern for every one of the steps the city government takes. As the saying goes, “United we stand,” and great Beijing will be achieved.,Here, as throughout the speech, the speakers ideas are
45、strengthened by her delivery and her high English skills.,The Art of Public Speaking,When our aspiration becomes a reality, it will be a unique Olympics. “New Beijing, great Olympics” will be weaved of these three superb colors: yellow, red, and green. Let us welcome it and look forward to it!Thank
46、you.,The conclusion incorporates both the Olympic theme mentioned in the introduction and three colors discussed in the body. Most competition speeches end by thanking the audience,The Art of Public Speaking,Impromptu speech Preparation & presentationDeveloping a fund of knowledge,The Art of Public
47、Speaking,speech Ladies and gentlemen: I think we shouldnt restore the Old Summer Palace because it indeed would be a betrayal of history. It is our cultural heritage, and it should be kept as it is.,commentary The speaker states her position on the topic clearly and decisively.,The Art of Public Spe
48、aking,The tragedy that happened in 1960 is something we should all remember and something we should keep in mind. It is a reminder to us of what happened in the past, and an important page in Chinese history. Maybe restoring it will make it look as glorious as before, but that is not the true meanin
49、g of this building. It is not there as an ornament, but as a monument, as monument of the past.,The speaker s first main point builds to a compelling antithesis between the Old Summer Palace as an ornament and as a monument. This is an excellent example of mico-reativity.,The Art of Public Speaking,
50、Also, is we restore it into another site, it would take away the historical reality that it has become. If we move it away, it would lose its original meaning. It was built in Beijing , it was destroyed in Beijing, and it should remain in Beijing.Thank you very much.,The speakers second main point a
