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1、基数词与序数词,初一语法,Numbers,cardinal numbers (基数词) ordinal numbers (序数词),基数词(cardinal numbers)的构成及用法:,1. 112的基数词是独立单词,无规律可循。,eleven twelve,2. 1319的基数词一般在39对应的基数词后加-teen构成，注意： thirteen fifteen eighteen,3. 2090八个整十位数以后缀-ty结尾。注意： twenty (20) thirty (30) forty (40) eighty (80),4. “几十几“的基数词由十位数和个位数中间加 连字符 “-”构成
2、： twenty-nine ninety-seven,1112的基数词是独立的单词，即： one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight， nine，ten，eleven，twelve。 21319的基数词以-teen结尾。如： fourteen，seventeen等，但13，15，18较特殊， 13thirteen 15fifteen,18eighteen。 32090的整十位均以-ty结尾。如： sixty，ninety，但20，30，40，50，80较特殊， 20twenty 30thirty 40forty,50fifty,80eighty。 4十位数与
3、个位数之间要加连字符号“-”，如：28twenty-eight，96ninety-six 5百位和十位（若无十位则和个位）之间加and，如：148one hundred and forty-eight 406four hundred and six。,5. 百位数和十位数之间，在英国英语要用 “and”连接，在美国一般不用。 three hundred and five four hundred and forty-five,6. 英语中“万” 及以上的表示法： 53,461 fifty-three thousand, six hundred and forty-one30,045,310 t
4、hirty million and forty-five thousand, three hundred and ten3,333,333,333, 100以上的大数词有：a hundred 一百（100）a thousand 一千（1,000）ten thousand一万（10,000）a hundred thousand十万（100,000）a million(=a thousand thousand一百万1,000,000）ten million一千万（10,000,000）a hundred million一亿（100,000,000）a billion (= a thousand m
5、illion)十亿（1,000,000,000）,7. hundred, thousand, million,billion前有确切数词时， 遵循“两个无”原则，即无 “s”，无“of”。,three hundred people nine million books,8. 但hundred, thousand, million, billion前无确切数词时，则遵循“两个有”原则，即有 “s”和“of”。,many thousands of trees millions of birdstens of thousands of soldiers,three hundreds people t
6、hree hundred of books,有时，可以在大数词（单数形式）前加上several, a few等词，表示含糊数量，例如：several hundred times好几百次，a few million years几百万年。100以内的基数词有时也可用复数形式，表示一些特别的意义。例如：They went to the theatre in twos and threes. 他们三三两两地来到了剧院。The girl is in her teens. 这个女孩不到二十岁。He became a professor in his thirties. 他三十多岁时成为了教授。 It wa
7、s in the 1960s. 那是在二十世纪六十年代。,在乘法运算的一种表示法里，如：3 x 5 = 15 Three fives is (are) fifteen.1数词作主语，谓语动词用单数。如： Two months is quite a long timeFour and two is sixWhats two and three？ 2一个半小时（一年半，一个半月可类推）onean hour and a half one and a half hours,特殊用法,9.基数词常与名词连用构成复合定语，中间要用连字符，而且只用名词的单数形式,an 8oo-hundred-word co
8、mposition a five-week holiday a 20-meter-tall building,10. 基数词可以表示年代、时刻、住所、房间、教室、电话号码等。,in 1980s (1980s) in nineteen eightiesPage three Room 403 at seven thirty in 1991 (in nineteen ninety-one) in ones fifties(在某人多岁的时候）有时在物主代词后面可加上形容词early,mid或late使其含义更确切些。如：The young man is at most in his early thi
9、rties., “名词基数词”结构具有“序列”的意义，例如：Room Four四号房间，相当于the Fourth Room；Lesson Five = the Fifth Lesson第5课。10句型：主语is about（大约） over more than（超过）nearly（接近）具体数词metre（s）kilometre（s）kilo（s）long high tall deep away等。如：长江长6300公里。 The Changjiang River is 6，300 kilometres long,或者用基数词+单位词 + in + 名词（length， width， hei
10、ght， weight等）表示。 two meters long或 two meters in length 2米长three feet high或 three feet in height 3英尺高four inches wide或 four inches in width 4英寸宽 five minutes walk Its an hours ride from my hometown to our universityIts seven degrees below zero/above今天是零下七度。（摄氏）,注意下列习惯表达方式： half an hour half a kilotwo
11、 and a half kilos = two kilos and a halfone or two days = one day or two eighty meters long one thousand miles away five meters deep ( wide/ tall/ high/long),five meters in depth / width/ height/ length,序数词(ordinal numbers)的构成及用法:,基数词 one, two , three 的序数词分别为: first, second, third ( 1st 2nd 3rd),2.
12、从第四到第十九的序数词在基数词后加 “-th”注意：fifth eighth ninth twelfth,3. 十位整数基数词的序数词需将词尾的 “y”改为 “i”，再加“eth” 构成 twenty twentieth forty fortieth ninety ninetieth,4. “几十几”的数及位数以上基数词的序数词只将个位变成序数词即可one hundredthone thousandth four hundred and thirty-second,1基数词变序数词可利用口诀巧记：“一、二、三，特殊记，八去“t”，九去“e”，“ve”要用“f”替，见“y”变成“i”和“e”，词
13、尾加上“th”，若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以。”第一、第二、第三分别：first，second，third，eighteighth nineninth，fivefifth，twelvetwelfth，twen- tytwentieth，fortyfortieth，twenty-fivetwenty-fifth。 2其余情况均在基数词后加th。如： sixsixth, nineteennineteenth , hundred hundredth, thousandthousandth等,序数词在使用时，一般在其前面加定冠词the或物主代词等限定词。例如：the first time 第一次，m
14、y second son 我的第二个儿子。有时，也可用不定冠词，例如：A third man entered the room. 又有第三个人进入了房间。Weve tried it three timesMust we try it a fourth time? 我们已经试过三遍了，还必须试一次（第四次）吗？,5. 日期的表达一般用序数词月日March 8(th) 读作：March the eighth,6.用于最高级前表示“第二、第三“ the second most useful the third largest city,7. second, third 等与 “ a “连用，表示”又
15、一，再一”再一次a second time,8. 在世纪：in the twenty-first century in the nineteenth century,数词的基本用法 基数词在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。例如：It is said that thirteen is an unlucky number. 据说13是一个不吉利的数目。（主语）The model ship is worth four hundred. 这台模型轮船值四百块钱。（介词宾语）I need three altogether我总共需要三个。（动词宾语）Five times five is twent
16、y-five. 5乘以5等于25。（表语）He is a naughty boy and you two are not. 他是一个调皮的孩子，而你们两人不是。, 基数词在句中还可以用作定语和状语，例如：I have invited ten people to the party. 我邀请了10个人参加晚会。（定语）Ten to one, he will come tomorrow. 十有八九他明天会来。（状语）, 序数词在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同为语和状语等，例如：The second is what I really need. 第二个是我真正需要的。（主语）He was a
17、mong the first to arrive.他是首批到达的。（介词宾语） She was the third to arrive. 她是第三个到的。表语）September is the ninth month of the year. 九月是一年中的第九个月。（定语）Who is that girl, the third in the front row? 前排第三个女孩是谁？ （同位语）When did you first meet her? 你什么时候跟她第一次见面的？ （状语）,1钟点的表示：小时、点钟、分钟、秒钟要用基数词。 “几点钟”用基数词加oclock。oclock可省略
18、。如：现在是5点钟Its five（oclock）“几点过几分，30分钟”用介词past。如： 7：05five past seven；7：15fifteen（a quar- ter）past seven；7：30half past seven。“差几分几点”用介词“to”。注意：整点加“1”且用 60减去目前的分钟数。如：7：40twenty to eight；7：45fifteen（a quarter）to eight。日常生活中的时间读法常常简化，直接按基数词的顺序读。如：7：05seven o five；7：15 seven fifteen。,10.4.1 时间表示法 年、月、日表示法
19、：1900 1900年（读作：nineteen hundred）1997 1997年（读作：nineteen ninety-seven）2000 2000年（读作：two thousand）in 2004 在2004年（读作：two thousand and four大于2000的年份可用数字读法，2008：two thousand and eight。 in the 1990s （读作：nineteen nineties） on February 12th / 12th February 在2月12日on October 1st, 1949 在1949年10月1日 2002年5月20日May
20、 20th,2002,the twentieth of May,200,3年月日的表示：年份用基数词，先读前一位或两位，再读后两位。如：1999nine- teen ninety-nine；1900nineteen hundred； 2000two thousand；1905nineteen o five；年用基数词，日用序数词。如：1998年6月8日写作：June 8，1998；读作：June the eighth， nineteen ninety-eight或the eighth of June， nineteen ninety-eight。,2编号的表示：Lesson One the f
21、irst lesson第一课；Bus No3the No3bus 3路公共汽车；表示住所时不用“No”如：302房间Room 302（读作：room three o two）；如果编号的数词比较长，一般用基数词。如：Page 457第457页；电话号码，用基数词，可单个读，重复的数字也可读“double”，如：3855633three eight five five（double five） six three three（double three）。, 时刻表示法：6:00 (at) six / six oclock6:15 (at) six fifteen / a quarter past
22、 six6:20 (at) six twenty / twenty past six6:30 (at) six thirty / half past six6:45(at) six forty-five / a quarter to seven6:50 (at) six fifty / ten to seven有时，用am / a.m.或pm / p.m.加在数字后，分别表示“上午”或“下午”。例如：6:00 am 上午6点，6:30 pm 下午6点半。,10.4.2 算式表示法 加、减、乘、除表示法：加”用plus，and表示；“等于”用is，make，equal等词表示。 23? 读作：H
23、ow much is two plus three? 235 读作：Two plus three equals five. / Two and three is five. / Two and three makes five.1064 读作：Ten minus six is four. / Six from ten is four.3412 读作：Three multiplied 4 is twelve. / Three times four is twelve.1644 读作：Sixteen divided by four is four. / Four into sixteen goes
24、 four., 分数表示法：1/2读作：a / one half 或 one over two2/3读作：two thirds 或 two over three1/4 读作：a / one quarter 或 one over four3/4 读作：three fourths / quarters 或 three over four3 1/4 读作：three and one fourth或 three and one quarter,当分数后面接名词时，如果分数表示的值大于1，名词用复数；小于1，名词用单数。1 1/2 hours 一个半小时（读作 one and a half hours）
25、2 3/4 meters 二又四分之三米two and three-fourths meters4/5 meter 五分之四米5/6 inch 六分之五英寸,1）倍数表示法 a. 主语+谓语+倍数（或分数）+ as + adj. + asI have three times as many as you.我有你三倍那么多。b. 主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+ the size (amount，length) ofThe earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球是月球的49倍。c. 主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+ 形容词（副词）比较级+ than The gra
26、in output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。d. 还可以用by+倍数，表示增加多少倍 The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.今年粮食产量增加了4倍。, 倍数表示表示法： This room is twice as large as that one. / This room is twice larger than that one. 这个房间比那个房间大一倍。 This room is t
27、hree times as large as that one. / This room is three times larger than that one. 这个房间比那个（房间）大两倍。,概数的表示法,Over/above/ more than + 数字 或：数字 odd (多以上） over / more than two years (两年多）above twenty pounds (磅以上）thirty odd years (30多年）,2. below/ under/ less than +数字（不足不到，以内） below six days under two hours l
28、ess than 60 miles,3. about/ nearly/ some/ toward(s)/ more or less + 数字数字or so / more or less (大约近，上下左右）about 90 yards nearly one tenth some fifty feet nine kilos or so more or less 20 meters / 20 meters more or less,“每隔”与“每逢”的表示法：,两种结构： every +基数词 复数名词 every + 序数词单数名词,every four days every fourth da
29、y,每四天（每隔三天）,every three linesevery third line,每三行（每隔二行）,每隔一天：every other dayevery two daysevery second day,The bus runs every five minutes.One in every twenty students is to be chosen as the representative.,一些数学公式、小数和分数的表示法：,7X3=21 Seven times / multiplied by three is twenty-one.93=3 Nine divided by
30、 three is 3.3.5 three point five, a (one) half 1/3 one third a/one fourth a/ one quarter,4/5 four fifths 12/23 twelve twenty-thirds,一半用half表示，四分之一用quarter表示；数字中的小数点读成point，例1.2m读成one point two meters（作为复数）；两天半可以有两种表达：two days and a half或two and a half days;,1小数 表示小数时，小数点前面的基数词和前面讲的基数词的读法相同；小数点后的数字则必
31、须一一读出：00089（zero naught）point zero zero eight nine 1036ten point three six 注意：小数在句中常作定语，尤其在比较方式状语从句中被使用。如：This stone is 3.5 times heavier than that one.小数点读作 point，o读作 zero或oou，整数部分为零时，可以省略不读1.03 meters 一点零三米 0.49 ton 零点四九吨,2百分数由percent表示，百分号读作 percent，应用时常与by连用。 068zero point six eight percent 6six
32、 percent 369three hundred and sixty nine percent 百分之几中percent不用复数形式。,英、美楼层的不同表示法：,.用英语写出下列各题。1.1978年9月12日 _2.三点半 _3.八点差一刻 _4.2，973，608 _5.第二十层 _,课时训练,september the twelfth, nineteen seventy eight,half past three,a quarter to eight,two million, nine hundred and seventythree thousand, six hundred and
33、eight,the twentieth floor,B)1Mr Zhang teaches at Middle School.A. a No.5 B.No.5 C. the No.5th D.5th No (B)2 other stars are even bigger and brighter than the sun.A. Million of B. Millions of C. Millions D. Million (A)3He is in our class.A. the third tallest B. a third tallestC. the three tallest D.
34、three tallest (A)4Classes begin at in the morning, dont they?A. seven thirty B. seven past thirtyC. half and seven D. seven and thirty (C)5John lives on floor.A. twenty B. twentieth C. the twentieth D. the twentyth,6They always go to the library once a week.(one) 7They tried a fifth(five)time, but w
35、ithout luck, they failed again. 8There are forty-four students in our class, twenty-two boys and twenty-two girls. 9Our teacher often tells us that work must comes first. (B)10The teapot was used about two years ago. A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundreds of D. hundred of,(A)11One third of the money min
36、e.A. is B. are C. were D. will (B)12He has worked on the farm for years.A. two and half B. two and a halfC. a half and two D. two halves and a (A)13Seven million, seven hundred and seventy-seven thousand, seven hundred and seventy-seven is .A.7,777,777B.777,777,777 C.7,700,777 D.70,700,777 (C)14Xiao
37、 Mao and Da Mao are in . A. team Fourth B. the team Four C. Team Four D. Four team ,(B)15Were you to come to my office last night?A. the two one B. the second oneC. second student D. two one (B)16Sorry, had been sold out.A.42 size B. Size 42C.the 42 size D. the size 42 (C)17English peoples family na
38、me comes .A. first B. second C. last D. three ,1Whats 11 plus 20? Its _.2China has the largest population. But which country has the _ largest population?3September is the _ month of the year.4What class are you in? Im in Class _( 8 ).5There are _minutes in an hour.,6The PRC was founded on October 1
39、, 1949. How will you say this year in English?7His hair turned white when he was only in his _ ( 40s ).8The train will leave at 9:00. Its 7:30 now. We have still _ _ _ _ _left.9_ _ ( 3/4 ) of the land is covered by forests in Holland, the country of flowers.10Dinosaurs disappeared about _ _ ( 65000000 ) years ago.,
