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1、Womens Liberation,Quote,Because I am a woman, I must make unusual efforts to succeed. If I fail, no one will say, She doesnt have what it takes. They will say, Women dont have what it takes. -Clare Boothe Luce (克莱尔布思卢斯),DefinitionFirst Wave FeminismSecond Wave FeminismThird Wave FeminismConclusion,T
2、able of Content,The definition of the feminist movement,Feminism refers to political, cultural, and economic movements seeking greater, equal, or, among a minority, superior rights and participation in society for women.,The Feminist MovementWomens Movement, Womens Liberation, refers to a series of
3、campaigns for reforms on issues such as reproductive right, maternity leave, equal pay, womens suffrage and sexual violence.,History,First Wave,First Wave Feminism: 1900s1920sBy 1900, suffragettes are campaigning heavily for voting rights. Also in the 1920s, feminism takes the form of alternative st
4、yle trends such as flapper dresses and short haircuts, and “masculine” behaviors like smoking and drinking alcohol.,representatives,Virginia Woolf, a representative of the British woman writer, is considered to be one of the pioneers who support modernism and feminism in the 20th century.,representa
5、tives,In the United States, feminist movement leaders campaigned for the national abolition of slavery and Temperance before championing womens rights. American first-wave feminism involved a wide range of women, some belonging to conservative Christian groups (such as Frances Willard and the Womans
6、 Christian Temperance Union), others resembling the diversity and radicalism of much of second-wave feminism (such as Stanton, Anthony, Matilda Joslyn Gage, and the National Woman Suffrage Association, of which Stanton was president). First-wave feminism in the United States is considered to have en
7、ded with the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (1920), which granted women the right to vote in the United States.,Elizabeth Cady Stanton (seated) and Susan B. Anthony,Main articles,Author and scholar Helen Kendrick Johnson opposed womens suffrage.,First-wave femi
8、nism History of women in the United States,Europe and the United States women won the right to vote, inheritance, the right to higher education and do business,Result,Social Impact -19th Amendment,“The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United State
9、s or by any State on account of sex.” -Ratified on August 18, 1920.,Second Wave Feminism,from the early 1960s through the late 1980scause representativesresult,Cause,Culture and political inequalityIncreased female enrollment in higher educationThe establishment of academic womens studies courses an
10、d departments,Representatives,Gloria Steinem at news conference, Womens Action Alliance, January 12, 1972Gloria Betty Friedan 1960, The Feminine Mystique, and Womens Liberation,Result,The movement encouraged women to understand aspects of their personal lives as deeply politicized and reflective of
11、a sexist power structure. second-wave feminists focused on other cultural equality issues, such as ending discrimination,The American Third Wave Feminism,from 1990s to the present.central issues are race, social class and sexuality. youth feminism（青年女性主义）women of color feminism（有色人种女性主义）postcolonial
12、 feminism（后殖民女性主义）queer theory（怪异理论）, Cyber-feminism（赛博女性主义）,The movement arose as a response to the perceived failures and backlash against initiatives and movements created by second-wave feminism, and the realization that women are of many colors, ethnicities, nationalities, religions and cultura
13、l backgrounds. Influenced by postmodern(后现代主义), post-structuralist (后结构主义) and postcolonial (后殖民主义) thoughts, the movements focus from identity and equality to debates around difference and alliance.,Cause,The American Third Wave Feminism,Bell Hooksan American author, feminist, and social activist.H
14、er writing has focused on the race, capitalism, and gender. Through a postmodern perspective, hooks has addressed race, class, and gender in education, art, history, sexuality, mass media, and feminism.,Represe-ntatives,The American Third Wave Feminism,She has published over thirty books. For exampl
15、e, Aint I a Woman?: Black Women and Feminism has gained widespread recognition as an influential contribution to postmodern feminist thought.,It has given birth to one of the most compelling visions of our era, contributing to dealing not only with womens inequality, but with the most pressing probl
16、ems in the world.,Although the third wave feminism has had a history more than twenty years, American academia are still controversial about such issues as to what on earth is third wave, what strands of thoughts may be included, or whether it has achieved.,Influence,The American Third Wave Feminism,Thanks for watching！,
