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1、精选,英语句子概论,精选,简单句的基本词序,主语动词部分宾语 状语（谓语） 方式地点时间Iboughta hat yesterday.The children ran home.We ate our meal in silence.The car stopped suddenly.,精选,句子成分是指构成句子的各个组成部分，即词和词组在句子中的各种语法意义。句子成分主要有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语。另外，一些句子还有一些其他的成分，如同位语、呼语、插入语等。,精选,1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.,主语,谓语,定
2、语,宾语,同位语,状语,精选,句 子 成 分,(一)主语,主语是指句子谈论的主题，也就是句中动作、行为、性质和状态的主体。,主语可以用下面这些东西表示： 1.名词；2. 代词； 3. 数词； 4. 动名词；5. 不定式； 6. 词组或复合结构； 7. 从句；8. 名词化的其他词类,精选,Marys,Mary _ a dog.,has,Toms,Mary and Tom _ a dog.,have,谓语的动词要与主语的人称和数一致。,语法一致,精选,句 子 成 分,Who is speaking, please? To act like that is children.Two will be
3、enough.Beijing is a beautiful city.Dancing is fun.What he said was wrong.,名,代,数,不定式,动名词,从句,精选,句 子 成 分,（二）谓语,谓语说明主语的动作、行为或所处的状态。通常由动词的各种形式来充当。并且和主语在人称和数上保持一致。谓语有广义与狭义之分，广义的谓语指主语以外包括动词在内的部分，狭义的谓语仅仅指动词，这里我们讨论的是广义上的谓语。,精选,句 子 成 分,1.一般谓语都是由一个动词或动词短语来充当 She got here at six.,2.有些谓语是由“系动词+表语”构成的 The girl fe
4、lt cold. He is a teacher.,精选,Subject-Verb Agreement,主谓一致原则,精选,一、语法一致的原则是指主语为单数或复数时，其谓语动词要与其相呼应。二、意义一致的原则指谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的概念，而不取决于表面的语法标志，主要表现为某些集体名词后可跟动词单数或复数。如果这些集体名词指整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；指具体成员时用复数。 三、就近原则是指谓语动词单复数取决于离它最近的词语，而无须考虑其他的词,精选,The boy _ diving.,They _ diving.,Both Jack and Tim _ diving.,All of
5、 them _ diving.,Neither Jack nor Tim _ walking.,is,are,are,is,are,精选,A young man and a girl want to go there. The singer and the writer are famous to many young people.,Both Jack and Tim _ diving.,are,语法一致,由and连接的两个单数名词做主语时，谓动一般用复数。,精选,a singer and dancer,The singer and dancer _ on the stage.,is,语法一
6、致,精选,The gift is used to have western meals.What is it?,a knife and fork,A knife and fork is used to have meals.,语法一致,精选,主谓一致,语法一致,） 由 and 连接的并列主语，如果主语是同一个人，同一事，同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，否则用复数这时后面的名词没有冠词。,are,has,精选,内容一致/意义一致,主谓一致,2) 用and 连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如: bread and butter, knife and fork 等作主语时(由两个部件配成的物品)
7、, 谓语动词用单数. 如:,精选,Each man and woman _ the same rights. A. has B. have C. had D. is having）由each, every, no, many a(许多)所修饰的名词，即使用 and连接作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。,Many a man _the story.,has,believes,精选,The group _ made up of nine students.,The group_ dancing happily.,is,are,精选,The team _ some good players. (have)
8、The team _ handsome. (be),has,are,精选,由集体名词，如group, family, class, government, team, public, enemy, crowd, company, audience, club, party, crew等作主语时,如果看成一个整体(强调整体），谓语动词用单数形式,如果看成其中各成员，（强调个体）则用复数形式. 注意：集体名词为 people, police, cattle，谓语动词用复数形式e.g. The police are searching for the thief.,1、集体名词做主语时的主谓一致,精
9、选,Choose the correct verb form to complete the following sentences.,1.The research group (is, are) made up of five people.,2.What (do, does) the group want for their lunch?,3.Our family (is, are) not poor any more.,4.He has to worry. His family (is, are) waiting for him.,5.The class (is, are) more t
10、han forty in number.,is,do,is,are,is,精选,6.The class (have, has) disagreed among themselves about where they should go and have a picnic.,7.The government (has, have) spent more than two million yuan in planting trees.,8.The city government ( has, have) different opinions about next years plan.,have,
11、has,have,精选,Neither dog _ big. ( A. is B. are ),Neither of them _ big. ( A. is B. are ),A,Neither of the rabbits _ handsome. ( A. is B. are ),A / B,Neither rabbit _ handsome. ( A. is B. are ),A,A / B,二、代词作主语,两者都不,精选,neither ofnone of,n. (U),n.(C),neither + n.(singl.),V.,singl. plural.,How to use non
12、e and neither,V.(singl.),V.(singl.),代词none和neither有时用作单数看待,有时作复数看待,主要根据说话人的意思决定.但是代表不可数名词时,只看作单数;neither作形容词时与单数名词连用,谓语动词用单数.,精选,语法一致,none 做主语时, 谓语动词可用单数, 也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数, 因而谓语动词要用单数. 如:,精选,1.Neither of us _ (was/were) ready when the party began.2. None of them _ (has/have) watched the talk
13、 show.,have/has,was/were,精选,everybody,当这些词做主语时，谓语动词用单数，在句中我们可以用they 来代替它们，有时我们可以用he/she来代替。,anybody,everyone,nobody,somebody,everything,anything,nothing,something,不定代词,no one, nobody, each, the other,精选,Nothing_difficult in the world if you set your mind to it .,is,2.Something _ (has / have) gone wr
14、ong with my watch. 3.Anybody who _ ( break / breaks) the rule will be punished.,has,breaks,精选,Bob,Bob _ a worker.,is,Mike,Mike and Bob _ workers.,are,Both Mike and Bob _ workers.,are,Neither Mike nor Bob _ a teacher.,is,Bill,Neither of them _ (know) how to teach English.,knows/know,None of them _ (k
15、now) how to teach English.,knows/know,三、用作主语的两个名词或代词由or, either or, neither nor, both and或not only but also连接,精选,Peter,Henry,Either Peter or Henry _ going to win.,is,Henry,精选,A or B Not A but B Either A or B Neither A nor B Not only A but also B,Verb,Here There,+Verb,A and B,A , B and C,就近原则:当用作主语的两
16、个名词或代词由or, eitheror , neithernor 或 not onlybut also 连接时,谓语通常与临近的名词或代词保持一致。,由there或here引导的句子,主语不止一个名词时,谓语动词通常与邻近的名词或代词保持一致.,精选,Not only you but also he _ wrong. (is/are),Neither you nor he _ right. (is/are),There _ two shops and a cinema beside the railway station. (is/are),Here _ a map and a handboo
17、k for you. (is/are),is,is,are,is,_,精选,Mr. Black , as well as two women, _ at the office.,is,Mr. Black,精选,四.主语介词（短语）：当主语后面接说明主语的修饰语，如as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with ,like, rather than, together with , but ,except, besides, ,including等时，其谓语动词的单、复数不受修饰成分的影响，仍保持同主语一致的关系，由主语的单、复数而定
18、。,主谓一致,语法一致,精选,1. The teacher with two students _ at the meeting . (was / were),2.E-mail, as well as the telephones, _ an important part in daily communication.,A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play,was,A,精选,主谓一致,语法一致,五、分词、量词作主语由分数或百分数或a lot of, lots of, plenty of, half of, the rest of
19、, some of, most of, all of , (a) part of +名词或代词作主语时，要根据这个名词或代词来确定其谓动的单复数形式。如:,精选,e.g. Tom is one of the students who_good at playing football.Tom is the only one of the students who_ good at playing football.,are,is,注意在“one of+复数名词+关系代词” 的结构中，定语从句中谓语动词用复 数形式；但是若前有the only, 将其限定为只有一个时,谓语动词用单数形式.,精选,六
20、、 、“the+形容词/过去分词做主语的主谓一致e.g. The rich are to help the poor. The wounded was a young boy. 以定冠词the + adj.（或过去分词）结构作主语，谓语动词常用复数形式，如the brave, the poor, the blind, the sick, the old等，但有少数过去分词与定冠词连用时指个体，用单数形式。,精选,主谓一致,语法一致,七 当主语由不定式、动名词或疑问词引导的句子充当时，谓语动词用单数。,精选,1).To hold the Olympic Games_ a rich prize f
21、or a country. (be),2). Choosing what to eat _ no longer as easy as it once was.,is,is,What we need _ more time and more materials. What we need _ teachers.(由what, who, why, how, whether等引导的主语 从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内 容为复数意义，则可以用复数形式.),3),is,are,精选,内容一致/意义一致,主谓一致,1.表示时间, 金钱, 距离, 度量等的名词作主语, 尽管是复数形式, 它们作为一
22、个单一的概念时, 其谓语动词用单数形式. 如:,精选,表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等复数名词，在表示单位数量用作主语时，通常被看作整体，谓语动词用单数。,is,A million dollars _(is/are) really a lot of money.Sixty years a long time.Three thousand miles a long distance.Fifty kilograms not too heavy to be carried.,is,is,is,精选,主谓一致,语法一致,2.名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods,
23、glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数.但这类表示成双的东西的名词前有a pair of修饰时，谓语用单数。如:,There is a pair of shoes in the box.,精选,主谓一致,语法一致,3. 形复意单名词如: news; 以ics结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Nights等作主语; 谓语动词要用单数.,精选,1One or two days _ enough to see the city Ais Bare
24、Cam Dbe2Neither my wife nor I _ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind Ais Bare Cam Dbe,Exercises:,精选,3Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another Ais Bare Cam Dbe4Not the teacher，but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film Ais Bare Cam Dbe,精选
25、,5Nobody but Betty and Mary _ late for class yesterday Awas Bwere Chas been Dhave been6A woman with some children _ soon Ais coming Bare coming Chas come Dhave come,精选,7No one except my parents _ anything about this. Aknow Bknows Cis known Dare known8The teacher as well as the students _ the book al
26、ready Ahas read Bhave read Care reading Dis reading9All but one _ in the accident Awas killed Bwere killed Cwill be killed Dare killed,精选,10. When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. has not been decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided,11. The number of people invi
27、ted _fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were 12. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are,精选,13. The results of the examination _that
28、you have all made great _ . A. show; progress B. shows; progress C. show; progresses D. shows; progresses 14.Here _ a new pair of shoes for you. A. is B. are C. have D. has,精选,主谓一致记忆口诀,单单复复最常见,集体名词谓用单。如若强调其成员,复数谓语记心间.有些名词谓常复,people, police, cattle即这般主语单数后接介,谓语单数介无关.many a作主语也如此,谓语动词应用单or, nor, but also, there be,近主原则挂嘴边.,精选,谢谢观看!,共同进步！,
