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1、CoMMoNSYMBOLS/通用符号ShownbelowarethemostcommonsymbolsthatareusedwithgeometricIolerancingandotherrelateddimensionalrequirementsonengineeringdrawings.Notethecomparisonwith(heISOstandards.Mostofthesymbologyisidentical.ThereareafewsymbolsthatareusedintheASMEY14.5,1994standardthatarebeingproposedfortheISOs
2、tandards.ThesymbolsmarkedwithanxareneworrevisedfromthepreviousYl4.5M,1982standard./以下显示的是最通用的符号，在工程图中，它和几何公差及其它相关的尺寸要求联合使用。下表同时列出ISO标准中相应的符号。绝大部分符号表示是样的。一少部分ASMEYI451994标准独有的符号，正被提议用千ISO标准。标记着、”的符号是新的或者是由以前的Y14.5M.1982标准修订的。SYMBOL(符号)ASMEY14.5MISOFEATURECONTROLFRAME公差框格令0.030ABC0.030ABCDIAMETER/直径00
3、SPHERICALDlAMETER/球直径S0S0ATMAXIMUMMATERIALCONDITION最大实体条件MATLEASTMATERIALCONDITION最小实体条件LLREGARDLESSOFFEATURESIZE忽视特征尺寸NoNE/什么也没有NONE/什么也没有PROJECTEDTOLERANCEZONE投影公差带XFREESTATE/自由状态FEXTANGENTPLANE相切面TT(Proposed)(被提议的)XSTATISTICALTOLERANCE统计公差(ST)NoNE/什么也没有XRADlUS/半径RRXCONTROLLEDRADIUS/约束半径CRNON日什么也没
4、有SPHERICALRADlUS/球半径SRSRBASICDlMENSION/基本尺寸(theoreticallyexactdimensioninISO)(ISO中理论上精确的尺寸)50|50XDATUMFEATURE基准特征*eb*尸旦DATUMTARGET基准目标廊、0AlAl(介0AlAlTARGETPolNIv基准点XDIMENSIONORIGIN尺寸原点IB-REFERENCEDIMENDION/参考尺寸(AuxiliarydimensioninISO)/ISO中辅助的尺寸(50)(50)NUMBEROFPLACES/处数8x8xCounterborezspotface傥沉头孔/孔口
5、平面I_II_ICoUNTERSlNK/钻沉头孔z7DEPTH/DEEP/深度SQUAREZ正方形ALLARoUND/全周NONEDIMENSIONNOTTOSCALE尺寸没按比例150150ARCLENGTH/圆弧长度150150XBETWEEN/在两者之间NONESLoPE/斜面CONICALTAPER/锥形ENVELOPEPRINCIPLE包络线原理NONE(implied)/(暗指)(E)Note:*Maybefilledornotfilled/注：*可能填实也可能不填实RADIUS,Controlledradius/半径约束半径Therearetwotypesofradiitoler
6、ancethatcanbeapplied,theradiusandcontrolledradius.Theradius(R)toleranceisforgeneralapplications.Thecontrolledradius(CR)isusedwhenitisnecessarytoplacefurtherrestrictionsontheshapeoftheradius,asinhighstressapplications./有两种类型半径公差能被应用：半径和约束半径。半径(R)公差是通用的。而约束半径(CR)则用千需要对半径的形状作进一步的约束时，作为一种高应力的应用。Note:Thi
7、sisachangefromthepreviouseditionsoftheY14.5standard.Thedefinitionofthetolerancezonefortheformertermtangentradius,previouslynotedbythesymbolR,isnowmeanttoapplytoacontrolledradius(symbolCR)./注：这个是从Y14.5标准以前的版本改变而来的。先前的术语相切半径的公差带定义，以前用符号R表示，现在用约束半径(符号CR)表示。THISON THE DRAWlNG/图中MEANSTHlS/意思是THISON THE D
8、RAWlNG/图中MEANSTHIS/意思是lWXRADIUS 0.520 /最大半径MINRADIUS 0.500最小半径CONTROLLEDRADIUS,SYMBOLCR/受控半径，符号CRPARTCONTOURMUST/零件轮廓必须是一ZM殳有转BEAFAIRCURVE折的平滑曲线。另外所有半含膜备雷梵A盘，牡的点必须在切虫POINTSMUSTBE0.500差050。和最大公差0520定MINTO0.520MAX.义的区域内STATlSTICALTOLERANCINGSYMBOL/统计公差符号Often,tolerancesarecalculatedonanarithmeticbasis
9、.Tolerancesareassignedtoindividualfeaturesonacomponentbydividingthetotalassemblytolerancebythenumberofcomponentsandassigningaportionofthistolerancetoeachcomponent.Whentolerancesarestackedupinthismanner,thetolerancemaybecomeveryrestrictiveortight./公差经常基千算术基础来计算。通过根据部件的数量把总的装配公差分划，并把一部分公差指定给每一部件的方式，公差
10、被指定给部件的个别特征。当公差以这种方式堆叠时，公差可能变得非常受限制或者紧密。StatisticalIoIcrancingistheassignmentoftolerancestorelatedcomponentsofanassemblyonthebasisofsoundstatistics.Anexampleis:theassemblytoleranceisequaltothesquarerootofthesumofthesquaresoftheindividualtolerances./统计公差标注是在合理的统计学基础上，对相关装配部件的公差分配。例如：装配公差等千单个的公差平方的和的平
11、方根。StatisticalIolerancingmaybeappliedtofeaturestoincreasetolerancesandreducemanufacturingcost.Toensurecompatibility,thelargertoleranceidentifiedbythestatisticaltolerancesymbolmayonlybeusedwhereappropriatestatisticalprocesscontrolwillbeused.Anotesuchastheoneshownbelowshallbeplacedonthedrawing./统计公差可能
12、应用到特征上，用以增加公差和减小加工费用。为保证兼容性，被统计公差确定的较大公差可能只用干使用适当的统计工艺控制的地方。像下面所示的注释将被放置到工程图上。1.669QQlo 旬？IB QlQO5X0渡回-0,75200,7500,627J 0,623NOte:/注：FEATURESIDENTIFIEDASSTATISTICALLYTOLERANCEDSTSHALLBEPRODUCEDWITHSTATISTICALPROCESSCONTROLS,ORTOTHEMORERESTRICTIVEARITHMETICLIMITS./以统计公差匣识别的特征将在统计学工艺控制下生产，或者直到受更严格的算法
13、约束为止。Insomecases,itmaybedesirabletostateonlythestatisticaltoleranceandthearithmeticnumberwillnotbeshown.Inthiscase,anotesuchasthefollowingmustbeplacedonthedrawing./某些情况下，可以只规定统计公差，而不显示算术数字。这种情况下，像下面所示的注释必须放在工程图中。FEATURESIDENTIFIEDASSTATISTICALLYTOLERANCEDSTSHALLBEPRODUCEDWITHSTATISTICALPROCESSCONTRO
14、LS./以统计公差ST识别的特征将在统计学工艺控制下生产。Foradditionalinformationonstatisticaltolerancing,seeappropriatestatisticsorengineeringdesignmanuals./对千统计公差标注中的额外信息、，请参见适当的统计学或工程学设计手册。NONRIGlDPARTSFREESTATECONDITION/非则1性零件-自由状态条件Unlessotherwisespecified,alldimensioningandtolerancingappliesinaFreeStateconditionwithnores
15、traint.Someparte,suchassheetmetal,thinmetal,plasticsandrubberarenorigidinnature.ItmaybenecessarytospecifydesignrequirementsonthepartinanaturalorFreeStateaswellasinarestrainedcondition.Therestraintorforceonthenonrigidpartsisusuallyappliedinsuchamannertoresembleorapproximatethefunctionalormatingrequir
16、ements./除非特别指定，所有尺寸标注和公差标注用千没有限制的自由状态。一些零件，诸如饭金件，薄金属件，塑料件和橡胶自然状态不是刚性的。在零件的自然状态或者自由状态以及受限制的条件下指定设计需求可能是必需的。对非刚性零件的限制或影响力通常以这样的方式达到相像或近似功能或匹配的需求。Anoteorspecificationonthedrawingshouldexplainhowthepartisrestrainedandtheforcerequiredtofacilitatetherestraint.Asamplenotecanbefoundonthedrawingbelow./一个图上的注
17、释或规范应该解释零件如何被限制，和需要限制必需的力量。在下面的工程图中能发现一个示例注释。Ifanyofthepartspecificationsaretobeverifiedinafreestate,thedesignermayspecifythisrequirementwiththewordsFREESTATEorthefreestatesymbol.ThefreestatesymbolisaFinacircle.Thefreestatesymbolmeansthatdimensionsandtolerancesthathavethefreestatesymbolappliedareche
18、ckedinthefreestateandnotintherestrainedcondition./如果任何一个零件规范都以自由状态验证，设计者可以用“自由状态”一词或自由状态符号指定这个需求。自由状态符号是一个字母F在一个圆图里。自由状态符号意思是应用自由状态符号的尺寸和公差以自由状态而不是以限制条件来查证。Thefreestatesymbolisappliedbyplacingitnexttoorassociatingitwiththerequireddimensionsandtolerances.Ifitisappliedinafeaturecontrolframe,italwaysfo
19、llowsthefeaturetoleranceandanymodifiers.自由状态符号通过和要求的尺寸和公差紧挨着或者联合着放置应用到工程图中。如果被放在一个公差框格里，则总是跟在这个特征和任一修正符的后面。AWITH4M5SCREWS./除非额外指定，所有未标公差的尺寸是基本的。零件使用4个M5螺钉限制在基准A上.FEATURECONTROLFRAME/公差框格Afeaturecontrolframestatestherequirementsorinstructionsforthefeaturestowhichitisattached./一个公差框格规定对所附着的特征的要求或指示。GE
20、OMETRICCHARACTERISTIC几何特征DIAMETERSYMBOL直径符号FEATUREMODIFIER 、将征修正符DATUMMODlFlER修准修正符P).5Q0以FEATURETOLERANCE 特征公差PROJECTTOL ZONE SYMBOL 投影公差区域符号THISFEATURE这个特征/JTERTlARYDATUM/第三基准SECONDARYDATUM/第二Sz-PRIMARYDATUM/首要基准-HEIGHTOFPROJECTEDTOLZONE投影公差区域的高度SYMBOLSTHATCANBEFOUNDINAFEATURECoNTROLFRAME/公差框格中的符号
21、Allofthesymbolsbelowcanbefoundinsideafeaturecontrolframe.Thesymbolsforprojectedtolerancezone,freestate,tangentplaneandstatisticaltolerancealwaysfollowthematerialconditionmodifier。Theminimumheightoftheprojectedtolerancezonecanbespecifiedinthefeaturecontrolframeorintheviewonthedrawinginwhichitapplies.
22、Ifitisappliedinthefeaturecontrolframe,itfollowstheprojectedtolerancezonesymbol./以下所有符号都能在公差框格中找到。投影公差带，自由状态，相切面和统计公差总是跟在材料条件修正符之后。投影公差带的最小高度可能在公差框格中被指定，或者在图中它应用到的视图中被指定。如果应用在公差框格中，则跟在投影公差带符号之后。TERM/术语SYMBoL/符号FEATURECONTROLFRAME/公差框格00.010ABCDIAMETER/直径0SPHERICALDIA/球直径S0MAXIMUMMATERIALCOND/最大实体条件M)
23、LEASTMATERIALCoND/最小实体条件PROJECTEDTOLZoNE/投影公差带PFREESTATE/自由状态FTANGENTPLANE/相切面T：STATISTICALToLERANCE/统计公差STREGARDLESSOFFEATURESIZE*/忽略特征尺寸*S*TheRFSsymbolhasbeeneliminatedfromtheASMEY14.5M,1994standard.Itisapplicableinearlierversions.*RES符号已经在ASMEy45M,1994标准里消除了。它应用在更早的版本中。DATUMFEATURESYMBOL/基准特征符号A-
24、Y14.5M,1994 ANDlSO/ Y14.5M, 1994 和 ISOY14.5M,1982ANDEARLIER/Y14.5Mf1982和更早的MATERIALConditionmodifiers-DEFlNrnoNS/材料条件修正符定义IngeometricIoIerancingthereisoftenaneedtorefertoaparticularfeatureofsizeatitslargestsize,smallestsizeorregardlessoffeaturesize.Thetermsmaximummaterialcondition(MMC),leastmaterial
25、condition(LMC)andregardlessoffeaturesize(RFS)allowustodothis./几何公差标注中，经常有这么一个需求，在最大尺寸，最小尺寸，或是忽略特征尺寸条件下谈到一个特别的尺寸特征。术语最大实体条件(MM。,最小实体条件(LMC)和忽略特征尺寸(RFS)允许我们这样做。Thesetermscanonlybeusedwhenreferringtofeaturesofsizesuchasholes,slots,tabs,pins,etc.thesetermshavenomeaningwhenappliedtonon-featuresofsizesuch
26、asplanesurfaces.Theapplicationorimplicationofthesematerialconditionmodifiersinsidethefeaturecontrolframecanhaveasubstantialeffectonthetolerance.Secdiscussiononmaximummaterialconditionlaterintext./这些术语只用千当提及诸如孔，槽，突起，销子等等时。当用千诸如平面的没有特征尺寸的时候，这些术语没有什么意思。公差框格中材料修正符的应用或含义对公差有实质的影响。在本文稍后参见最大实体条件的讨论。MAXIMUM
27、MATERIALCONDITION-ABBREVIATION(MMC)SYMBOL：M/最大实体条件缩写(MMC)符号：MTheconditionwherethefeaturecontainsthemaximummaterialwithinthestatedlimitsofsize-forexample,thelargestpinorsmallesthole./特征在规定的尺寸极限内包含最大材料的情形-例如，最大的销子或者最小的孔。LEASTMATERIALCONDITION-ABBREVIATION(LMC)SYMBOL：L/最小实体条件-缩写(LMC)符号：LTheconditionwhe
28、rethefeaturecontainstheleastmaterialwithinthestatedlimitsofsize-forexample,thelargestholeorsmallestpin./特征在规定的尺寸极限内包含最小材料的情形-例如，最大的孔或者最小的销子。IREGARDLESSOFFEATURESIZEABBREVIATION(RFS)/忽略特征尺寸一缩写(RFS)ThetermusedtoindicatethatageometrictoleranceappliesatanyincrementofsizeofthefeaturewithinitssizeIimiISj这
29、个术语过去常常预示一个几何公差在它的尺寸极限内的任何特征尺寸增量。InthecurrentASMEY14.5M,1994standardthereisnosymbolforRFS.(UnlessotherwisespecifiedallgeometrictolerancesareimpliedRFS.Seerule2.)InpreviouseditionsoftheY14.5standardtheSSymbOlwasusedforRFS./在现行的ASMEYl4.5M,1994标准中，没有RFS的符号。(除非特别指定，所有几何公差暗含RFS的意思。参见规则2。)在Y14.5标准的先前版本中符号
30、S用千RFS中。MMC&LMCDEFINITION/MMC&LMC的定义EFFEeT。FMAXIMUMMATERlALcONDnTON/最大实体条件的影响Ageometrictolerance(sizefeaturesonly)maybeappliedonanMMCbasisbyplacingthecircleMsymbolinthefeaturecontrolframefollowingthefeaturetolerance.Thiswillhaveasubstantialeffectontheallowablepositiontolerance.Theallowablepositionto
31、leranceisdependentontheactualmatingsizeoftheconsideredfeature./一个几何公差(仅仅尺寸特征)可以通过在特征公差后的公差框格中放置一个带圆图的M符号应用MMC概念。这对千允许的位置公差将有一个实质性影响。允许的位置公差依赖千所考虑特征的实际配合尺寸。Theallowablegeometrictoleranceforthefeatureapplieswhenthefeatureisproducedatitsmaximummaterialcondition(smallestholeorlargestpin).Iftheconsidered
32、featuressizedepartsfromitsmaximummaterialcondition,anincreaseintheallowablegeometrictoleranceispermittedequaltotheamountofthefcaturc,sdeparturefromMMC./当以最大实体条件（最小的孔或最大的销子）生产特征时，应用特征允许的几何公差。如果所考虑的特征的尺寸偏离它的最大实体条件，一个允许的几何公差的增量可以等千特征偏离最大实体条件的数量。Consider(hepartshownbelow.ThecircleMmodifierinthefeatureco
33、ntrolframestatesthatthefeaturesmustbepositionedwithina.005diametertolerancezonewhenthefeaturesareattheirmaximummaterialcondition.Themaximummaterialcondition(MMC)fortheholesis.260dia.Ifthefeaturesdepartfromthe.260dia.size,theycanhaveadditionalpositiontoleranceequaltotheamountoftheirdeparturefromMMC/考
34、虑以下所示零件。公差框格中的带圆图的M修正符规定特征在最大实体条件时必须位千一个0.005直径公差带中。对千孔的最大实体条件是直径0.260。如果特征偏离直径0.260尺寸，它们有另外的位置公差等千偏离MMC的数量。MMCCoNCEPT/最大实体条件概念H-0,7500,004-I00.005IABC_1特征控制框中的修正符颂!用MMC概念，themodifierinthefeature整当特征偏离MMC时允许额外的位置雕T珠豁罪您总EDDEoNAL公差POSITIONTOLERANCEASTHEfeaturesDepartfrommmc.DIAMETERFEATURESIZE/直径特征尺寸D
35、IAMETERTOLZONEALLOWED/允许的直径公差区域0.2600.0050.2610.0060.2620.0070.2630.0080.2640.0090.2650.0100.2660.0110.2670.0120.2680.013IEFFECTOFLEASTMATERlALCONDrnON/最小实体条件的影响Ageometrictolerance(sizefeaturesonly)maybeappliedonanLMCbasisbyplacingthecircleLsymbolinthefeaturecontrolframefollowingthefeaturetolerance.
36、Thiswillhaveasubstantialeffectontheallowablepositiontolerance.Theallowablepositiontoleranceisdependentontheactualmatingsizeoftheconsideredfeature./一个几何公差(仅仅尺寸特征)可以通过在特征公差后面的公差框格中放置一个带圆图的L符号来应用LMC概念。这对千允许的位置公差将有一个实质性影响。允许的位置公差依赖千所考虑特征的实际配合尺寸。Theallowablegeometrictoleranceforthefeatureapplieswhenthefe
37、atureisproducedatitsleastmaterialcondition(smallestpinorlargesthole).Iftheconsideredfeaturessizedepartsfromitsleastmaterialcondition,anincreaseintheallowablegeometrictoleranceispermittedequaltotheamountofthefeaturesdeparturefromLMC./当以最小实体条件(最小的销子或最大的孔)生产特征时，特征应用允许的几何公差。如果所考虑的特征的尺寸偏离它的最小实体条件，一个允许的几何
38、公差的增量可以等千特征偏离最小实体条件的数量。Considerthepartbelow.ThecircleLmodifierinthefeaturecontrolframestatesthatthefeaturesmustbepositionedwithina.005diametertolerancezonewhenthefeaturesareattheirleastmaterialcondition.Theleastmaterialconditionfortheholesis.268diameter.Ifthefeaturesdepartfromthe.268dia.size,theycan
39、haveadditionalpositiontoleranceequaltotheamountofdeparturefromLMC./考虑以下所示零件。公差框格中的带圆图的L修正符规定特征在最小实体条件时必须位千一个0.005直径公差带中。对千孔的最小实体条件是直径0.268O如果特征偏离直径0.268尺寸，它们有另外的位置公差等千偏离LMC的数量。LMCCoNCEPT/最小实体条件概念FEATURESDEPARTFROMLMC.DIAMETERFEATURESIZE/直径特征尺寸DIAMETERTOLZONEALLOWED/允许的直径公差区域0.2680.0050.2670.0060.266
40、0.0070.2650.0080.2640.0090.2630.0100.2620.0110.2610.0120.2600.013EFFEeTOFREGARDLESSOFFEATURESIZE-RFS/忽略特征尺寸的影响Geometrictolerances(sizefeaturesonly)areimpliedonanRFSbasisbyimplication.Themodifierrule#2statesthatunlessotherwisespecified,allgeometrictolerancesarebydefaultimpliedtoapplyatRFS.Sinceallgeo
41、metrictolerancesapplyatRFS,thereisnoneedIbranRFSsymbol,andithasbeeneliminatedintheASMEY14.5M-1994standard。InpasteditionsoftheY14.5standard,theRFSsymbol,whichisanSinacircle,wasspecifiedforpositiontolerances.Seemodifierrulesformoreinformation./几何公差(仅仅尺寸特征)暗含RFS的基本原则。除非特别指定，修正符规则2规定所有几何公差默认暗指RFS.既然所有几何
42、公差应用RFS,就不需要符号RFS了，它已在ASMEYl4.5M-1994标准里删除了，在Y14.5标准的过去的版本里,RFS符号用一个S带一个圆图表示，来指定位置公差。请参见修正符规则以获取更多的信息。IfageometrictoleranceisbyimplicationappliedRFS,thespecifiedallowablegeometrictoleranceisindependentoftheactualsizeoftheconsideredfeature.Theallowablegeometrictoleranceislimitedtothespecifiedvaluereg
43、ardlessoftheactualsizeofthefeature./如果一个几何公差暗指应用RFS,指定的允许几何公差是不受所考虑特征的确切尺寸约束的。允许的几何公差被限制在忽略特征确切尺寸的指定值里。Considerthepartbelow.Sincenomodifierisspecifiedinthefeaturecontrolframefollowingthefeaturetolerance,thistoleranceisimpliedtoapplyRFS.Thefeaturesmustbepositionedwithina.005diatoleranceregardlessofth
44、eirfeaturesize.Thismeansthatregardlessofthesizeofthefeaturesbeingpositioned,theyhavea.005diapositiontoleranceandnomore.Iftheholesgetlargeorsmall,thepositiontoleranceremains.005dia.TheRFSconditionismorerestrictivethantheMMCorLMCconcept./考虑以下的零件。既然在跟随特征公差的公差框格里没有指定修正符，那么公差暗指应用RFS原则.特征必须位干0.005直径公差内，忽略
45、特征尺寸。意思是忽略正在决定位置的特征尺寸，它们有一个0.005直径的位置度公差，不会更大了。如果孔变大或变小，位置度公差仍然是直径0.005oRFS条件比MMC或LMC概念更有限制性。RFSCONCEPT /忽略特征尺寸的概念MAXIMUMOFO.OOS DIA暗指的修正符限制位置公差最大0. 005直径APPLY既然没有指定修正符，暗指应用Rf=S修正符MODIFIERRULES-CURRENTANDFoRMERPRAcnCES/修正符规则-现行的和从前的惯例CurrentASMEY14.5M,1994andISO-rule#2(oldrule#3eliminated)/现行的ASMEY1
46、4.5M,1994和ISO-规则2(旧规则3已删除)0O,O1OABCZ100,006 Ja电100.003 回 F I100,010 而MRFSappliesforallgeometrictoleranceswithrespecttotheindividualtolerance,datumreference,orboth,wherenomodifyingsymbolisspecified.MMCandLMCmustbespecifiedwhererequired./在没有指定修正符号的地方，RFS应用千关千单独的公差，基准参照，或两者都有关的所有几何公差。MMC和LMC必须在需要的地方指定。
47、DatumfeaturesymbolD准特征符。:Y14.5M,1994andISOFormerpractice-ANSIY14.5M,1982/从前的惯例-ANSIY14.5M,1982$100.0030回 F I-00.010 ABCRule#2-MMC,LMCandRFSmustbespecifiedforindividualtolerancesanddatumreferencesforallpositiontolerances./规则2-对千所有的位置公差，必须对单独的公差和基准参照指定MMC,LMC和RFS000.010 A00.006AEA令AB(S)C00.003Formerpractice
