《英语阅读理解解题策略课件.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语阅读理解解题策略课件.ppt（32页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、英语阅读理解解题策略,一、阅读理解,(一) 定位的5种技巧技巧1：利用逻辑信号词及题干实词定位【例1】 The Nazca lines of Peru were discovered in the 1930s. These lines are deeply carved into a flat, stony plain, and form about 300 intricate pictures of animals such as birds, a monkey, and a lizard. Seen at ground level, the designs are a jumbled se
2、nseless mess. The images are so large that they can only be viewed at a height of 1,000 feetmeaning from an aircraft. Q: According to the passage, the Nazca lines were found _. A. in mountains B. in stones C. on animals D. on a plain,技巧2：利用长词、难词、生词迅速定位【例2】 Biologists offer a theory about this primal
3、 impulse to clean out every drawer and closet in the house at springs first light, which has to do with melatonin, the sleepy time hormone (激素) our bodies produce when its dark. When springs light comes, the melatonin diminishes, and suddenly we are awakened to the dusty, virus-filled house weve bee
4、n hibernating in for four months.Q: Which of the following interpretations of the biologists theory about melatonin is INCORRECT?A. The production of melatonin in our bodies varies at different times.B. Melatonin is more likely to cause sleepiness in our bodies.C The reduction of melatonin will caus
5、e wakefulness in our bodies. D. The amount of melatonin remains constant in our bodies.,技巧3：巧妙结合主题与关键词定位,【例3】 If you like the idea of staying with a family, living in a house might be the answer. Good landladiesthose who are superb cooks and launderers, are figures as popular in fiction as the bad o
6、nes who terrorize their guests and overcharge them at the slightest opportunity. The truth is probably somewhere between the two extremes. If you are lucky, the food will be adequate, some of your laundry may be done for you and you will have a reasonable amount of comfort and companionship. For the
7、 less fortunate, house rules may restrict the freedom to invite friends to visit, and shared cooking and bathroom facilities can be frustrating and row-provoking if tidy and untidy guests are living under the same roof.,The same disadvantages can apply to flat sharing, with the added difficulties th
8、at arise from deciding who pays for what, and in what proportion. One person may spend hours on the phone, while another rarely makes calls. If you want privacy with a guest, how do you persuade the others to go out; how do you persuade them to leave you in peace, especially if you are a student and
9、 want to study?,Conversely, flat sharing can be very cheap, there will always be someone to talk to and go out with, and the chores, in theory, can be shared. Q: What is NOT mentioned as a benefit of flat sharing? A. Rent is affordable. B. There is companionship. C. Housework can be shared. D. There
10、 is peace and quiet.,技巧4：利用特殊标点符号定位,【例4】 What should you do to relieve rage? One myth is that ventilating will make you feel better. In fact, researchers have found thats one of the worst strategies. A more effective technique is refraining, which means consciously reinterpreting a situation in a mo
11、re positive light. In the case of the driver who cuts you off, you might tell yourself: Maybe he had some emergency. This is one of the most potent ways, Tice found, to put anger to rest. Q: The essence of reframing is _.to forget the unpleasant situation B. to adopt a positive attitudeC. to protect
12、 oneself properlyD. to avoid road accidents,技巧5: 利用出题的顺序定位,【例5】 What can I do to keep it from happening again? He smiled the empty smile wed seen all day. Absolutely nothing. After telling several friends about our ordeal, probably the most frequent advice Ive heard in response is to change my name.
13、 Twenty years ago, my own graduate school writing professor advised me to write under a pen name so that publishers wouldnt stick me in what he called the ethnic ghettoa separate, secondary shelf in the bookstore. But a name is an integral part of anyones personal and professional identity just like
14、 the town youre born in and the place where youre raised. Like my father, Ill keep. I had no idea that being an American would ever be this hard.,Q1: We learn from the passage that the author would _ to prevent similar experience from happening again. A. write to the agency B. change her name C. avo
15、id traveling abroad D. do nothingQ2: Her experiences indicate that there still exists _ in the US. A. hatred B. discrimination C. tolerance D. diversityQ3: The author sounds _ in the last paragraph. A. impatient B. bitter C. worried D. ironic,(二)正确选项的5种设置规律,规律1：同义替换【例6】 The stereotype of what a midd
16、le-class man did with his money was perhaps nearer the truth. He wasand still isinclined to take a longer-term view. Not only did he regard buying a house as a top priority, but he also considered the education of his children as extremely important. Both of these provided him and his family with se
17、curity. Only in very few cases did workers have the opportunity (or the education and training) to make such long-term plans.Q: The writer seems to suggest that the description of _ is closer to truth.middle-class ways of spending moneyworking-class ways of spending the weekendC. working-class drink
18、ing habitsD. middle-class attitudes,规律2：与文章主题相关,【例7】 In an article some Chinese scholars are described as being tantalized by the mysterious dragon bone hieroglyphics. Tantalized is one of many English words that have their origins in myths and legends of the past (in this case, Greek and Roman ones
19、). . Many common words, such as the names for the days of the week and the months of the year, also come from mythology. . It seems that myths and legends live on in the English language. Q: The example of tantalize is to show _.how the word came into existenceB. how Tantalus was punished in the low
20、er worldC. how all English dictionaries show word originsD. how the meaning of the word changed over the years,规律3: 概括或归纳,【例8】 These days, doing omiai often means going to a computer matching service rather than to a nakodo. The nakodo of tradition was an old woman who knew all the kids in the neigh
21、bourhood and went around trying to pair them off by speaking to their parents; a successful match would bring her a wedding invitation and a gift of money. But Japanese today find its less awkward to reject a proposed partner if the nakodo is a computer. Japan has about five hundred computer matchin
22、g services. Some big companies, including Mitsubishi, run one for their employees. At a typical commercial service, an applicant pays $80 to $125 to have his or her personal data stored in the computer for two years and $200 or so more if a marriage results. The stored information includes some obvi
23、ous items, like education and hobbies, and some not-so-obvious ones, like whether a person is the oldest child. (First sons, and to some extent first daughters, face an obligation of caring for elderly parents.),Q: What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A. To tell the differences between an old
24、and modern nakodo. B. To provide some examples for the traditional nakodo. C. To offer more details of the computerized nakodo. D. To sum up the main ideas and provide a conclusion.,规律4 : 正话反说,【例9】 In fact, personality is not the best predictor of who does it well. Regardless of what you are like in
25、 real life, the key seems to be to act yourself. Q: What is the authors view on personality? A. Personality is the key to success in public speaking. B. Extroverts are better public speakers. C. Introverts have to learn harder to be good speakers. D. Factors other than personality ensure better perf
26、ormance.,规律5 : 50%的选择规律,【例10】 Biologists offer a theory about this primal impulse to clean out every drawer and closet in the house at springs first light, which has to do with melatonin, the sleepy time hormone (激素) our bodies produce when its dark. When springs light comes, the melatonin diminishe
27、s, and suddenly we are awakened to the dusty, virus-filled house weve been hibernating in for four months.Q: Which of the following interpretations of the biologists theory about melatonin is INCORRECT?A. The production of melatonin in our bodies varies at different times.B. Melatonin is more likely
28、 to cause sleepiness in our bodies.C. The reduction of melatonin will cause wakefulness in our bodies.D. The amount of melatonin remains constant in our bodies.,(三) 10种干扰项的设置规律规律1. 字面意义,【例1】 One evening, several days later, I was invited to talk to Mr. Rochester after dinner. He was sitting in his a
29、rmchair, and looked not quite so severe, and much less gloomy. There was a smile on his lips, and his eyes were bright, probably with wine. As I was looking at him, he suddenly turned, and asked me, Do you think Im handsome, Miss Eyre? The answer somehow slipped from my tongue before I realized it:
30、No, sir. Ah, you really are unusual! You are a quiet, serious little person, but you can be almost rude. Sir, Im sorry. I should have said that beauty doesnt matter, or something like that.,No, you shouldnt! I see, you criticize my appearance, and then you stab me in the back! You have honesty and f
31、eeling. There are not many girls like you. But perhaps I go too fast. Perhaps you have awful faults to counterbalance your few good points.“Q: Why did Mr. Rochester say . and then you stab me in the back! ? A. Because Jane had intended to kill him with a knife. B. Because Jane had intended to be mor
32、e critical. C. Because Jane had regretted having talked to him. D. Because Jane had said something else to correct herself.,规律2. 轻重异位、答非所问,【例2】 My heart sank when the man at the immigration counter gestured to the back room. Im an American born and raised, and this was Miami, where I live, but they
33、werent quite ready to let me in yet. Please wait in here, Ms Abujaber, the immigration officer said. My husband, with his very American last name, accompanied me. He was getting used to this. The same thing had happened recently in Canada when Id flown to Montreal to speak at a book event. That time
34、 they held me for 45 minutes. Today we were returning from a literary festival in Jamaica, and I was startled that I was being sent in back once again. The officer behind the counter called me up and said, Miss, your name looks like the name of someone whos on our wanted list. Were going to have to
35、check you out with Washington.,How long will it take?Hard to say. a few minutes, he said. Well call you when were ready for you.After an hour, Washington still hadnt decided anything about me. Isnt this computerized? I asked at the counter. Cant you just look me up? Just a few more minutes, they ass
36、ured me.After an hour and a half, I pulled my cell phone out to call the friends I was supposed to meet that evening. An officer rushed over. No phones! he said. For all we know you could be calling a terrorist cell and giving them information. Q: The author was held at the airport because _.she and
37、 her husband returned from Jamaica.B. her name was similar to a terrorists.C. she had been held in Montreal.D. she had spoken at a book event.,规律3. 断章取义,【例3】Around 7 pm on the evening of December 19th, 1827, keeper John Whalton was tending to his lightship, a sort of mobile lighthouse. He was anchor
38、ed a few miles off Key Largo when, he said later, I saw the flash and heard the report of seven or eight guns.Whalton was about to witness the tragic ending of a desperate chase in the waters off what was then the US Territory of Florida. The Guerrero, with hundreds of Africans enchained in its hold
39、 and crewed by 90 Spaniards who were little more than pirates, was fleeing the Nimble, a British warship that was enforcing the international ban on slave trade.,Q: What is true about John Whalton? A. He was serving the army at the time when the tragedy happened. B. Hardly had he seen the flash when
40、 he was notified of the condition. C. Both the Guerrero and the Nimble were in the view of John. D. The lightship where he was on duty anchored just a few miles from the Guerrero.,规律4. 张冠李戴、鱼目混珠,【例4】 The kids are hanging out. I pass small bands of students, on my way to work these mornings. They hav
41、e become a familiar part of the summer landscape. These kids are not old enough for jobs. Nor are they rich enough for camp. They are school children without school. The calendar called the school year ran out on them a few weeks ago. Once supervised by teachers and principals, they now appear to be
42、 in self care.Q: Which of the following is an opinion of the authors? A. The kids are hanging out. B. They are school children without school. C. These kids are not old enough for jobs. D. The calendar called the school year ran out on them a few weeks ago.,规律5. 缺少依据,【例5】 Do you realize that every t
43、ime you take a step, the bones in your hip are subjected to forces between four and five times your body weight? When you are running, this force is increased further still. What happens if through disease a hip-joint ceases to be able to resist such forces? For many years hip-joints and other body
44、joints have been replaceable either partially or completely. It is after all a simple ball and socket joint; it has certain loads imposed on it; it needs reliability over a defined life; it must contain materials suitable for the working environment. Any engineer will recognize these as characterist
45、ic of a typical engineering problem, which doctors and engineers have worked together to solve, in order to bring a fresh lease of life to people who would otherwise be disabled.Q: Engineers regard the replacement of hip-joints as a(n) _ problem. A. mechanical B. medical C. health D. agricultural,规律
46、6. 以偏概全,【例6】When the sun is up in Amsterdam, the largest city in the Netherlands sits quietly on the Amstel River. You can rent a bicycle, visit the Van Gogh or Anne Frank museum, or take a water taxi.But when the sun goes down, the partying begins. In the big clubs and in coffee shops, tourists gat
47、her to hang out, talk politics and smoke. Q: At the beginning of the passage, the author indicates that _. A. Amsterdam is generally known as a quiet city. B. parties go on all day long in Amsterdam. C. Amsterdam presents two different pictures. D. Amsterdam attracts many daytime visitors.,规律7. 宽泛笼统
48、,【例7】The ideal companion machinethe computerwould not only look, feel, and sound friendly but would also be programmed to behave in a pleasant manner. Those qualities that make interaction with other people enjoyable would be imitated as closely as possible, and the machine would appear to be charmi
49、ng, and easygoing. Its informal conversational style would make interaction comfortable, and yet the machine would remain slightly unpredictable and therefore interesting. In its first encounter it might be somewhat hesitant, but as it came to know the user it would progress to a more relaxed and in
50、timate style. The machine would not be a passive participant but would add its own suggestions, information, and opinions; it would sometimes take the initiative in developing or changing the topic and would have a personality of its own.,Friendships are not made in a day, and the computer would be
