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1、Useful structure ( 30m ),The use of doing (动名词),一、动名词的形式,（一）动名词的时态：动名词的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,或在谓语动词所发生的动作之后发生.We were interested in playing chess.同时She is looking forward to seeing you again.之后动名词的完成式所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。Im sorry for not having kept my promise.,(二).动名词的语态如果动名词的逻辑主语是动名词的承受着,这时用动名
2、词的被动式.He was afraid of being left at home.The house showed no sign of having been damaged.,注意：主动表示被动1.want / require/ need / deserve (应得)doing = want / require/ need / deserve to be done2.be worth doing,三.功能及用法:动名词可作主语,表语,宾语,定语.做主语动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。Talking is easier than doing .Collecting stamps is hi
3、s hobby.(谓语用单数）注意：动名词和不定时都可做主语,动名词表示泛指的一般的或抽象的多次性行为;不定式表示具体的或一次性动作.To refuse him this time is not easy.Playing with fire is dangerous.,用形式主语it，把真正的主语动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制,作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词，如useful，useless，good，fun；no use，等。如：Its no use / no good/ no need doing sth.Its fun doing sth.Its a waste of
4、time / money doing sth.Its useless / useful doing sth.There is no sense / point doing sth. There is no need to do sth,玩电脑游戏浪费时间1) _ computer games. 2) 试图和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。_ with Shylock,It is useless trying to argue,跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。3) It is fun _,Its a waste of time of playing,working with you,2. 作表语动名词作表
5、语表示主语的内容常可与主语互换。My job is teaching. - Teaching is my job.Her favourite sport is playing football.-Playing football is her favourite sport.现在分词也可以做表语,多是形容词化的分词.The book is interesting.,3.作宾语. 动名词作宾语有两种情况。一是有些动词只能后接动名词作宾语；二是有些动词既可后接动名词也可后接不定式作宾语。只能后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有avoid，consider，enjoy，keep，finish，sugge
6、st，dislike，delay，escape，cannot help，imagine，mind，miss，practise，cannot stand等。如： I cant avoid going Have you considered going to the zoo? 这类动词还有：excuse，fancy，give up，put off，risk等。,为了便于记忆，特归纳如下：,后跟-ing的动词的顺口溜：,避免，错过，（少）延期建议，完成，（多）练习喜欢，想象，禁不住承认，否定，（又）妒忌逃避，冒险，（多）原谅忍受，保持，（不）介意,avoid, miss, postpone/put
7、off,suggest, finish, practice,enjoy, imagine, cant help,admit, deny, envy,escape, risk, excuse,stand, keep, mind,既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词，常见的有：begin，start，continue，like，love，prefer，mean，forget，remember，hate等。A在like，love，hate，prefer等动词之后，用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同,只是侧重点有些不同,动名词表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。B在begin/start，c
8、ontinue之后，用动名词和不定式， 意义无甚区别，尤其是当主语是人的时候。C在动词forget，remember，regret之后，用动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示动作先于谓语发生，不定式表示后于谓语动作，如：,I remember posting the letter我记得我已把信寄了。2) Ill remember to post the letter我会记着去寄信的。3) I shall never forget seeing the famous writer_4)Dont forget to write to your mother_ 5) 我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。 _6)
9、 我遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的建议。 _,我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。,不要忘了给你母亲写信。,I regret missing the report,I regret to say I cant take your advice,D在try，mean之后，意义各不相同，如try to do (设法)，try doing (试试)，mean to do (打算，有意要做)，mean doing (意思是，意味着)。如： 1)我们必须设法及时把一切搞好。 We must try to get everything done in time2)我们用别的方法做这工作试试。Lets try d
10、oing the working in some other way3) I didnt mean to make you angry_4) Your plan would mean spending hours_,我并不想叫你生气。,你的计划意味着要花费几个小时。,E go on doing 和go on to dogo on doing继续做一直在做的事；go on to do接着做另一件事。如：1) 请接着做这同一个练习。_ the same exercise2) 请做另外一个练习。_ the other exerciseFstop doing与stop to do: Stop doin
11、g停止做，stop to do停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如：我们停止了交谈。_我们停了下来去谈话。_,Please go on doing,Please go on to do,We stopped talking,We stopped to talk,A .作介词宾语. 动名词可与介词一起构成介词短语。A介词+动名词，如： 1) 我们得想些法子改变人们的习惯。Weve got to think of ways of changing peoples habits. 2)我向你道歉，刚才对你那样生气。 I apologize for being so angry with you.,B动词+
12、介词+动名词，如：1)我坚持为这次出行带足需要的食物。 I insist on taking proper food fort his expedition2)同学们脸上没有笑容，相反都做了怪脸。_，each of them made a face她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。 She was very _ for our company,Instead of smiling,interested in working,下列短语中的to都是介词，所以后面跟名词或-ing形式:,习惯于旧方式的人坚持反对新事物,这样导致许多献身于科学的人被宣判为大逆不道.不喜欢这种事实的人谈到此事时,总期待着注意自
13、己的努力使它开始认真对待.,习惯于 be/get used to坚持 stick to反对 object to导致 lead to献身于 devote to被宣判 be sentenced to,谈到 when it comes to.期待 look forward to开始 get down to注意 pay attention to,4.作定语动名词作定语常表示所修饰词的词用途或使用目的, 如：a swimming pool=a pool for swimming the waiting room=the room for waitinga sleeping car = a car for
14、 sleeping 而现在分词作定语表示所修饰词动作或状态a sleeping boy= a boy who is sleeping,四.动名词的复合结构是指动名词可以有逻辑主语，通常是形容词性物主代词 (his, my, their)，或名词所有格 ( Marys, Jims )， 即形容词性物主代词或名词所有格+ doing Marys coming made us happy.Her coming made us happy.He insisted on Marys living in the room.,1) .当动名词复合结构用作主语时，其逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。
15、 1) 我姐姐病了，使我很担心。 My sisters being ill made we worried. 2) 你正确未必就意味着我错了。 Your being right doesnt necessarily mean _.,my being wrong,提示:,2) 如动名词复合结构不在句首,可用代词的宾格或名词的普通格+ doing构成We are glad at Tom / Toms coming.Would mind me / my opening the door?3).动名词复合结构如为无生命的东西，或不定代词加动名词则不能加 s 或s。The noises of desks
16、 being opened and closed could be heard in the street.,Exercises Mark often attempts to escape _ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.having been fined B) to have been fined C) to be fined D) being fine2) My wife said in her letter that she would appreciate _ from you sometime.A) to have heard B)
17、to hearC) for hearing D) hearing,D,D,3) The thief took away the womans wallet without_being seen B) seeingC) him seeing D) seeing him4) Ive enjoyed _ to talk with you.A) to be able B) being ableC) to been able D) of being able5) No one can avoid _ by advertisements.A) to be influenced B) being influ
18、encedC) influencing D) havinginfluence,A,B,B,6) They are considering _ before the prices go up.A) of buying the house B) with buying the houseC) buying the house D) to buy the house7) If I had remembered _ the door, the things would not have been stolen.A) to lock B) locking C) to have locked D)shav
19、ingslocked,C,A,8) Your shirt needs _. Youd better have it done today.A) iron B) to ironC) ironing D) being ironed9) You cant help _ commercials; every few minutes the program is interrupted to give you one advertisement or another.A) to hear B) to be heardC) hearing D) with hearing,C,C,10) My transi
20、stor radio isnt working. It _.A) need repairing B) needs to repairC) needs repairing D) need to be repaired11) It is no use _ me not to worry.A) you tell B) your tellingC) for you to have told D) having told,C,B,12) He is very busy _ his papers. He is far too busy _ callers.A) to write.to receive B)
21、 writing.to receiveC) writing.receiving D) to write.for receiving,B,13) Please stop _, boys, I have something important to _ you.A) saying .talk B) telling . sayC) talking .speak D) talking . tell,D,14)I remember _ to help us if we ever gots into trouble.A) once offering B) him once offering C) him
22、to offer D) to offer him15)John regretted _ to the meeting last week.A) not going B) not to go C) notshavingsbeen going D) not to be going,B,A,16) It is difficult to get used _ in a tent after having a soft, comfortable bed to lie on.A) sleep B) to sleepingC) slept D) to sleep17) Do you feel like _
23、out or would you rather _ dinner at home?A) going.to have B) to go.to haveC) to go.having D) going.have,B,D,18)We cant imagine _ in the entrance examination, for she has never been to school.A) she succeeding B) her succeedingC) she succeed D) her to succeed19)I dont like _ at me.A) them laughing B)
24、 their laughC) them laugh D) them to have laughed,B,A,20)We suggested _ in hotels but the children were anxious _ out.A) sleeping.to camp B)sleeping.campingC) to sleep.to campD)to sleep.camping21)I have no objection _ the evening with them.A) to spend B) to spending C) of spending D) spending,A,B,22
25、)Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy _ for her examination.A) to prepare B) to be preparedC) preparing D) being prepared23)It is no good _ remember grammatical rules. You need to practise what you have learned.A) trying to B) to try toC) try to D) tried to,C,A,24)“Why were you so late for work today?”“_ to the office was very slow this morning because of the traffic.”A) Driving B) I droveC) To drive D) That I drove25)It was impolite of him _without _good-bye.A) to leave, saying B) leaving, to sayC) to leave, to say D) leaving, saying,A,A,see you,
