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1、动词不定式和V-ing形式作宾语的用法区别,动词-ing形式与不定式都可用作宾语，其关系比较复杂，一般有以下几种情况：,1、只能用动词不定式(作宾语)的动词：,四个希望三答应（hope, wish, expect, long; agree, promise, undertake）五个想要巧安排（intend, plan, want, mean, desire; arrange）设法学会做决定（manage, learn, decide, determine）企图假装要选择（attempt, pretend, choose）提供要求别拒绝（offer, demand, refuse）威胁准备不失
2、败（threaten, prepare, fail）。,例如：,We agreed to meet here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.我们同意在此见面的，但到现在她也没露面。I wanted to have dropped her a line, but forgot to do so.我原想写一封信给她，但忘记了。,2、只能用动词-ing形式(作宾语)的动词(短语)：,承认(admit)冒险(risk)别继续(keep)，理解(understand)原谅(excuse)和感激(appreciate)；推迟(delay)享受(enjoy)真可惜，完
3、成(finish)想象(imagine) 又建议(suggest, advise)；避免(avoid, escape)介意(mind)别延期(put off) ，错过(miss)宽恕(forgive)不考虑(consider)；允许(allow, permit)抵制(resist, stand)或放弃(give up)，坚持(insist on)练习(practice)要牢记。,例如：,The teacher suggested doing the experiment in another way老师建议我们换种方法来做实验。Have you considered looking for a
4、 pen pal? 你是否考虑过找一位笔友？,另外，几乎所有介词，都能用动词-ing形式作宾语，其中很多都是固定搭配。,例如：dream of doing梦想 have difficulty (in) doing 在有困难succeed in doing在成功 feel like doing喜欢,3、既可用动词-ing形式也可用不定式作宾语的动词：,(1)意义相差不大：一些表示喜好或开始动作的动词，如like, love, hate, prefer, intend, begin, start, continue等，用不定式作宾语和用-ing形式作宾语，意义相差不大。例如：I started w
5、orking/to work here two years ago.我两年前开始在这里工作。They prefer spending/to spend their summer vacation in the country.他更喜欢在农村度暑假。,1)作动词宾语时，两种结构在意义上有时差别不大，这样的动词有：like, hate, prefer, begin, start, continue, intend, attempt, propose, deserve, need, cant bear, 等。,Do you like playing (to play) chess?When did
6、you begin learning (to learn) English?Your suit needs ironing ( to be ironed).,注意,【1】在like ,hate, prefer 等动词之后，如果表示一般倾向，多用动名词作宾语；如指特定的或某次行动，则用不定式更多一些。,I like reading books of this kind, but I dont like to read that book.She prefer walking to cycling.I prefer to stay at home today.,注意,【2】在begin, star
7、t, cease后，如果表示有意识地开始（停止）做某事，多用动名词；如果动作自动或突然开始（停止），则多用不定式。,He began talking about his plan for summer holiday.Suddenly it began to rain.We started working on the program in 2001.The factory has ceased making motorcycles.After that she ceased to worry about her daughter.,(2)意义完全不同：,remember doing指记住过去
8、做过的事，remember to do指记住将来要做的事，表示“不要忘记”。forget doing表示忘记过去做过的事，forget to do表示“没有想起做某事”。mean doing表示“意味着做某事”，mean to do表示“打算做某事”。regret doing表示对已做过的事感到后悔，regret to do表示对将要做的事表示遗憾。,stop doing表示“停止做某事”，stop to do是停止做正在做的事以便去做另外一件事，这里的to do不是stop的宾语而是stop的目的状语。try doing表示“尝试做某事”，try to do表示“设法、试图做某事”。go o
9、n doing表示继续做同一件事，go on to do表示做完一件事后，接下去做另外一件事。,2)作动词宾语时，两种结构在意义上有时差别很大，这样的动词有： remember, forget, regret, stop, mean, try, 等。remember/ forget/ regret +v-ing 表已经发生的动作，remember/ forget/ regret + v-ing 表动作还没有发生。mean doing 意思是；意味着mean to do 意欲，打算要做,stop to do 停下来要做stop doing 停止正在做的动作try doing 试着做try to
10、do sth. 试图做,3)在动词want , require, need, 等后动词不定式（短语）作宾语时，用人作主语；动名词作宾语时（=to be done)，用物作主语。,Someone needs to see you , sir.The wall needs repairing(= to be repaired). I want to go to the barbers because my hair wants cutting(= to be cut).,1、作定语时,1、现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作，或表示经常性的动作, 或现在 (或当时) 的状态；2、过去分词作定语时，过去
11、分词所表示的动作可以在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，也可以是没有一定的时间性。,The meeting held last week is very important.Tell the children playing there not to make so much noise.They lived in a room facing (= that faced) the south.I hate to see letters written in pencil.,2、作表语时,现在分词多表示主语所具有的特征或属性；过去分词多表示主语所处的状态。现在分词表示“令人的”，过去分词表示“感到”.常
12、见的分词有：amazed / amazing, excited / exciting, bored / boring, annoyed / annoying, interested / interesting, pleased / pleasing, tired / tiring, surprised / surprising, worried/ worrying , satisfied / satisfying, amused / amusing,The news was exciting. He appeared satisfied with my answer.,3、作宾语补足语时,现在
13、分词与句子的宾语是主动关系，它所表示的动作往往正在进行；过去分词与句子的宾语是被动关系，它所表示的动作往往已经完成。,I found them painting the windows. （现在分词表主动、进行）I found the windows painted. （过去分词表被动、完成）,五、其它区别,现在分词的被动式（being done）强调某一动作正在被进行中；过去分词表示某一（被动）动作已经（结束）完成，不强调时间概念；不定式的被动式（to be done）表示一个还没有发生的被动动作。,The building being repaired is our library.Xia
14、o Wang fell asleep with the window opening and the curtain drawn.Hi, Lucy, the boss has another document to be typed.,4、动词-ing形式作介词to的宾语：,英语中有些结构中的to是介词，而不是不定式符号，后面应接名词或动词-ing形式。,常见的带介词to的动词短语有：,be accustomed to习惯于be/get used to习惯于get down to着手contribute to有助于pay attention to注意stick to坚持,apply oneself to致力于be devoted to专心于be opposed to反对object to反对look forward to盼望be related to与有关,
