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1、,宾语从句The Object Clause,什么是宾语,I like my teacher.（名词作宾语)I enjoy playing basketball.(动名词作宾语）I decide to study hard.（不定式作宾语）I know him .（代词作宾语）,宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。,我们 知道 姚明We know Yao Ming,我们 知道 他是一个著名的篮球运动员We know,宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语，并有一个连接词引导。,一 什么 是宾语从句？,宾o,宾o,主s,谓v,he is
2、a famous basketball player,that,连接词,我们 知道 他是一个著名的篮球运动员,谓v,主s,宾语从句三要点,一、语序二、引导词三、时态,有哪些句子可以做宾语？,1.陈述句He is a famous basketball player.2.一般疑问句Will our teachers attend the meeting ？3.特殊疑问句which coat did you prefer?,My name isMy favorite sport isI amI speak/have/likeI can play,Are you?Can you play?Do yo
3、u do?Where are you? What can you do? How do you do?,陈述句,-,-,一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,结构比较,陈述句,一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,_+ _ + _,结构比较,be,情态动词,助动词,主语,谓语,_ + _ + _,.,主语,?,_ +_+ _,特殊疑问词,一般疑问句,?,?,_ + _ + _,主语,?,_ +_ + _,主语,结论:陈述句和疑问句最本质的区别是陈述句中的be动词, 情态动词 ,助动词在主语后,而在疑问句中,它们则在主语前,句子的两种语序:1.陈述句结构叫陈述语序宾语从句必须用陈述句语序 2 疑问句结构叫疑问语序,将下列句
4、子改成陈述句语序： 1.Is there a bank near here? 2.Is it on Fifth Avenue? 3.Are they doing homework?,There is a bank near here.,It is on Fifth Avenue.,They are doing homework.,4.Does she work in a hospital? 5.Did you go to Center Park?6.Do we have to wear a uniform?,She works in a hospital .,I went to Center
5、Park .,We have to wear a uniform.,They can wear hats in school .,7.Can they wear hats in school?,8.Wheres your pen pal from? 9.Where does he live? 10.What language does she speak? 11.Why do you like pandas?,Where your pen pal is from,Where he lives,What language she speaks,Why you like pandas?,1. 由t
6、hat引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed.,宾语从句的类型,练一练,1.This is a book.2.You like singing.3.He worked last night.4.They will go home.5.Jim has been to Beijing.6.She sings well
7、.,用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1. I know 2. She says 3. Tell your friend ,（that）,一般疑问句做宾语,我问他是否想去游泳,1, 改为陈述句语气，2，用if/whether连接,I ask,Does he want to go swim?,he wants to go swim,If/whether,I ask,2. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如： I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if)
8、I could help him.,练一练,1.Is he reading ?2.Do you get up at six?3.Does Tom work hard?4.Did you watch TV ?5.Will they read books ?6.Can you sing ?,用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.Do you know 2.I want to know 3.The teacher asks ,if/whether,特殊疑问句做宾语,Which coat did you like best?,I wonder which coat you like best.,用疑问
9、引导，改为陈述语气。,我想知道你最喜欢哪一条领带？,Which tie do you like best,特殊疑问句变成 陈述语序连接词就是疑问词本身,I wonder,I wonder,ATTENTION,which tie you like best?,3. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如： Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? He asked whose handwriting
10、was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I dont know why the train is late.,练一练,What is this ?What are you doing ?Where do you live ?When does he get up ?How did you go to work?Who will you play with?,用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语句:1.Do you know 2.I want to know 3. Can you tell me 4. The man asked
11、 ,1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。 e.g I hear ( that ) Tom has been to Guilin twice . I hear ( that ) she will come tomorrow . I hear ( that ) Jim went to work an hour ago . I hear ( that ) he is interested in English .,宾语从句的时态的变化,四.宾语从句中时态的变化,填一填,was,is,will cook,is singing,has been
12、,was playing,had learned,1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。（需要性原则）,2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。 e.g He said ( that ) he would go to Xian . He said ( that ) he was ill yesterday . He said ( that ) he was reading a book . He said ( that ) he had had supper already . 3.当
13、宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。 e.g He said that the sun is much bigger than the moon . The teacher told the students that no news is good news . The PE teacher said that doing morning exercise is useful to our health .,2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）,1)
14、He will go to Hong Kong .2) He is sick.3) He is reading a book . 4) He has finished his work.,1) He to Hong Kong .,2) He sick.3) He a book . 4) He,辨一辨,would go,was,was reading,his work.,had finished,确定从句的时态(根据主句时态),主句时态,从 句 时 态,连 接 前,连 接 后,一般现在时,时态保持不变,一般过去时,一般现在时,一般过去时,一般过去时,过去完成时,一般将来时,过去将来时,现在进行时
15、,过去进行时,现在完成时,过去完成时,宾语从句三要素,that（陈述句 ）,ifwhether（一般疑问句 ）,特殊疑问词（特殊疑问句),主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态,语序,宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序,客观真理 自然现象公式定理 名言警句 时态不变,七.本课小结,.Find out the mistakes and correct them.1 Could you tell me where do they live? 2 She knew that Danny is a student.3 He told me that winter was colder than autumn. 4
16、 Do you know who car it is?,找错误,was,is,whose,II.改错：,1.Miss Zhang asked me why was I late for school.,_,Miss Zhang asked me why I was late for school.,2.Father told me the sun always rose in the east.,_,Father told me the sun always rises in the east.,3.He doesnt know that when she can come back.,_,H
17、e doesnt know when she can come back.,直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系,三、人称的变化1.从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：“I was born in Zhangjiajie.”He said. He said that he was born in Zhangjiajie . “You must give me my pen.” he told me-He told me that I must give him his pen. “They go to the
18、 park.”she said.-She said that they went to the park.,一随主二随宾第三人称不变化,直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系,三、标点的使用2.宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。“Who are you ?”Can you tell me ?Can you tell me who you are ? “His sister goes to the park .”he said.-He said that his sister went to the park .,将下列句子合并为一句:1. Where do t
19、hey stop on the way? I asked. 2. What will you say at the meeting? Could you tell me?3. Do they like to make friends with us? He asked. 4. “ I am doing my homework.” He said. 5. “I will come back.” Tom said.,I asked where they stopped on the way.,Could you tell me what you will sayat the meeting?,He
20、 asked if they liked to make friends with them.,He said that he was doing his homework.,Tom said that he would come back.,6. “Is he doing his homework?” Jim asked. 7. “When will he come back?” Tom asked. 8. “How can I get to the station?” Could you tell me?9. “Why is the train late?” Would you tell
21、me?10. “Where is Tom?” They asked.,Tom asked when he would come back.,Could you tell me how I can get to the station?,Would you tell me why the train is late?,They asked where Tom was.,Jim asked if he was doing his homework.,“Why is the train late?” Would you tell me?2. “Where is Tom?” They asked. 3
22、. “Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me. He asked me if I know her telephone number.Do you know？Where does he live？ Do you know where he lives？,Would you tell me why the train is late?,They asked where Tom was.,将下列句子合并为一句:1. “ I am doing my homework.” He said. 2. “I will come back.” Tom sai
23、d. 3. “I can finish my work before supper.” He said.He said that he could finish his work before supper .,He said that he was doing his homework.,Tom said that he would come back.,直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系,一般疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句,She asked, “ Do you often come here to read newspaper? ” “Will they go to v
24、isit the Great Wall?” he asked.,She asked if (whether) I often came here to read newspaper.,He asked if (whether) they would go visit the Great Wall.,如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether；语序变为陈述语序。,1. What did Mike say? He said _.A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was itC. the weather is fine D. su
25、mmer comes after spring2. Let me tell you _.A. how much is the car B. how much does the car costC. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car3. Peter knew _.A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questionsC. there were 12 months in a year D. when th
26、ey will leave for Paris,4. Could you tell me _?A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in5. She told me the sun _ in the east.A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen6.I dont know _ up so early last Sunday.A. why did he get C.why does he get B.why h
27、e gets D. why he got,练一练,( )1. Miss Green didnt tell us _ in 2002. A. where does she live B. Where she lives C. where did she live D. where she lived( )2. Would you please tell me _? A. when did he come home B. where would he play football C. if had he seen the film D. why he didnt watch the game( )
28、 3. Do you know _ I could pass the exam? A. that B. whether C. what D. which( )4. I want to know_. A. what is his name B. whats his name C. that his name is D. what his name is,D,D,B,D,( ) 5. I dont know when _. A. will the train leave B. the train will leave C. would the train leave D. the train le
29、ave( ) 6.-We dont know _. -It is said that he was born in Sweden. A. what he is B. if he lives here C. where he comes from D. which country is he from( ) 7. Do you know _ during the coming summer holiday? A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do C. what Tom will do D. what Tom did( ) 8. Could you tell
30、 me _ she is looking for? A. that B. whose C. who D. which,B,C,C,C,1. I hear (that) _. (一小时后他会回来）,he will be back in an hour,he missed us very much,3. The teacher told us (that) _. （地球围着太阳转）,the earth moves around the sun,2. He said (that) _. (他非常想念我们）,完成句子,4. I want to know _ _. (他是否跟我们一起去公园),if (w
31、hether) he will go to the park with us,55. Ask him _. (他是否能来),whether (if) he can come,6. Please tell me _ _. (我们将什么时候开会)7. Can you tell me _. (他在哪儿)8. Could you tell me _ _. (我该怎么去车站),when well have a meeting,where he is,how I can get to the station,由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：I wan
32、t to know if (whether) he lives there.He asked me whether (if) I could help him.,注意一下情况只用whether，不用if。,1. whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或or not直接连用。如： Let me know whether you can come or not. Let me know if you can come or not. 2. 当宾语从句提到句首时，只能用whether引导。如： Whether it is true or not, I cant tell. If it is tru
33、e or not, I cant tell.,3. whether可以引导带to的不定式。如： I dont know whether to accept or refuse. I dont know if to accept or refuse. 4. whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后，作介词的宾语。如： I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. I worry about if I hurt her feelings.,If 与whether 的区别,I dont know _ he will come or not.I dont ca
34、re of _ he is handsome.He wondered _ to stay here the next week._ he will come is not decided.,与or not 连用只能用whether,介词后只能用whether,与to do 不定式连用只能用whether,作主语只能用whether,1. What did Mike say? He said _.A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was itC. the weather is fine D. summer comes after sp
35、ring2. Let me tell you _.A. how much is the car B. how much does the car costC. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car3. Peter knew _.A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questionsC. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for P
36、aris,4. Could you tell me _?A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in5. She told me the sun _ in the east.A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen6.I dont know _ up so early last Sunday.A. why did he get C.why does he get B.why he gets D. why he go
37、t,7. The manager came up to see _.A. what was the matter B. what the matter wasC. what the matter is D. whats the matter8. He asked his father _.where it happens B. where did it happen C. how it happened D. how did it happen9. No one tells us_, so we need your help.how we should do B. what should we
38、 doC. how to do it D. what to do it,10. Could you please teach me _ the computer.A. how check C. how to checkB. to check D. to how checking11. Where do you think _ he _ the TV set? Sorry, Ive no idea. A./, bought B. has, bought C. did, buy D. did bought,Do you know _?A. where does she live B. she li
39、ves whereC. where she lives D. where she live2. His parents wanted to know what he _at that time. A. is doing B. was doing C. has done D. will do,C,B,巩固练习：,I从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。,4Lilys mother looked for her for half an hour, but could not find _?what Lily was B. what was LilyC. where Lily was D. w
40、here was Lily,C,3.We dont know _. - It is said that he was born in Canada.what he is B. when he was born C. where he comes from D. if he lives here,C,5 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them.,A. took B. take C. takes D. will take,6 Linda said the moon_ round the earth.,A. travelled B. has travelled C. travels D. had travelled,A,C,Thank you!,
