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1、英语五种基本句型,初高中衔接课,第二讲 五种基本句型结构Miss Wu,review （一） 挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.,(
2、二) 挑出下列句中的表语- The old man was feeling very tired.- The leaves have turned yellow.- Soon They all became interested in the subject.,(三) 挑出下列句中的定语1. What is your given name?2. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep.4. I am waiting for the sound of t
3、he other shoe!,(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.,(五) 挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face. Ever
4、y night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast., With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. The st
5、udents followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.,大家学习辛苦了，还是要坚持,继续保持安静,Grammar Revision,Basic Sentence Patterns,简单句基本句型,基本句型 一S+Vi (主+谓),特点：谓语动词能表达完整意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。,The sun,rises.,S +,Vi,flies,begins,doesnt smoke,am laughing,rises,They stopped to take a short rest.They talked fo
6、r half an hour.,【活学活用】,请用“主语不及物动词”的句型翻译下列句子。1太阳在照耀着。,_,2月亮升起了。,_,3我们勤奋学习。,_,4我们大家都要呼吸、吃和喝。,_,The sun was shining.,The moon has risen.,We study hard.,We all breathe, eat and drink.,基本句型 二S+Link-V+P （主语+系动词+表语） ，说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份。,S +,Link-V +,P,I,am,a student.,am,feels,looks,becomes,seems,【活学活用】,请用“主语
7、系动词表语”的句型翻译下列句子。1这台机器的情况良好。,_,2丝绸摸起来又软又滑。,_,3他似乎对这本书感兴趣。,_,4真相是他失踪了。(表语从句),_,This machine is in good condition.,Silk feels soft and smooth.,He seemed interested in the book.,The truth is that he is missing.,基本句型 三 S+Vt+O (主+谓+宾)特点：谓语动词有实义，但不能表达完整意思，必须跟一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。,S +,Vt +,O,I,at
8、e,an apple.,knows,laughed at,ate,【活学活用】,请用“主语及物动词宾语”的句型翻译下列句子。1她微笑着表示感谢。,_,_,_,4我想喝杯茶。,_,She expressed her thanks with a smile.,I would like to have a cup of tea.,2他们想查明谁打烂了窗户。,They wanted to find out who broke the window.,3他不介意受到老师的责备。,He didnt mind being blamed by the teacher.,基本句型 四 S+Vt+DO+IO (主
9、+谓+间宾+直宾)特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。,S +,Vt +,Io,He,passed,me,a book.,Do +,passed,brought,bought,【活学活用】,请用“主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语”的句型翻,译下列句子。,1我想为他挑选一份合适的礼物。,_,2太阳给了我们光和热。,_,3Mr.Smith 教我们数学。,_,I want to choose a suitable present for him.,The sun gives us light and warmth.,Mr.Smith tea
10、ches us Math.,基本句型 五S+Vt+O+C主+谓+宾+宾补特点：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才使意思完整。,S +,Vt +,C,They,call,me,John.,O +,keep,call,makes,【活学活用】,请用“主语及物动词宾语宾补”的句型翻译下列句,子。,1那噪音快要使我发疯了。,_,2我们要使学校变得更美丽。,_,3他请我们参加做游戏。,_,The noise is driving me crazy.,We must make our school more beautiful.,He asked
11、us to join in the game.,英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。,掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。,一： +Vi （主谓）二： +Link-V+ （主系表）三： +Vt+ （主谓宾）四： +Vt+DO+IO （主谓间宾直宾）五： +Vt+ （主谓宾宾补）,典型例题分析,1.Plants need water.2.The flower is so fresh. 3.The sun rises in the east. 4.He gives me some flowers.5.We should keep the room cl
12、ean.,主 + 谓+ 宾 +Vt+,主 + 系 + 表 +Link-V+,主 + 谓 +Vi,主 + 谓 +间宾 +直宾 +Vt+DO+IO,主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补 +Vt+,6.Her father looks young.7.She teaches us English.8.The children are jumping and laughing happily.9. He often tells me some stories. 10.The students must keep their eyes closed.,主 + 系 + 表 +Link-V+,主 + 谓 +间宾 +
13、直宾 +Vt+DO+IO,主 + 谓 +Vi,主 + 谓 +间宾 +直宾 +Vt+DO+IO,主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补 +Vt+,ex.1 Pleas tell us a story._2 She smiled._3. I have a lot work to do._4. His job is to train swimmers._5. He noticed a man enter the room._6. Please look at the picture._,不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，应掌握动词的类型。以 get 为例： Hes getting angry.
14、 (_) He got through the window. (_) Youll get a surprise. (_) He got his shoes and socks wet. (_) He got himself into trouble. (_) He got her a splendid present. (_),S + v + P,S + v + O,S + v + O,S + v + O + Oc,S + v + O + Oc,S + v + O + O,Ex.,He can speak English fulently.We have read many books.Th
15、ey do shopping at the weekend.Buses run from dawn till midnight.We are studying hard.He became a scientist.We made him our monitor.I wont have you speaking to your mother like that.He had put the book on the desk .,S + v +O,S + v + O,S + v + O,S + vi,S + vi,S + v + P,S + v + O + Oc,S + v + O + Oc,S
16、+ v + O,1.We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. 2.Ill have my bike repaired. 3.I stayed awake until 11:30 one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself.4.Anne named her diary kitty because she thought it was her best friend.,S + V +O + Oc,S + V +O + Oc,S + V +P,S
17、 + V +O + Oc,5他突然病倒了。,_,6你长得比以前高了。,_,7他长大后当了教师。,_,8他静静地站着。,_,9电梯坏了。,_,He has suddenly fallen ill.,You have grown taller than before.,He became a teacher when he grew up.,He stood quite still.,The lift is out of order/has gone wrong.,5我认为他今晚不会来了。,_,6我忘了要在哪儿接她了。,_,7我们期待早日收到你的来信。,_,I dont think he will
18、 come tonight.,I forget where to pick her up.,We look forward to receiving your reply soon.,4那个老人给我们指路。,_,5请在本周末把所借的书都还回图书馆。,_,6为了你，我愿意做一切事情。,_,7请借我些钱，行吗？,_,The old man showed us the way.,Please return all the books to the library by this weekend.,Ill do everything for you.,Please lend me some money
19、, will you?,4我要你把真相告诉我。,_,5明天我要找人来修理机器。,_,6每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。,_,7他们感到汽车行驶得很快。,_,8我们必须保持身体健康。(in good condition),_,I want you to tell me the truth.,I will have the machine repaired tomorrow.,We hear him reading English aloud every morning.,They felt the car moving fast.,We must keep our health in good
20、 condition.,Translate the sentences,1.1939年爆发了第二次世界大战.2.一天, 她高兴地走进我的房间.3.一轮红日从东方升起.4.张飞在三年级六班.5.那个故事听起来很有趣.,6.老师好像对我的工作很满意.7.早睡早起对人的身体有益.8.胡姗姗读过这本书多次了.9.我还没决定去还是不去.10.周兰借给我一些钱.11.这件晚礼服花了她四十美元.,12.王小明常常在课堂上问老师许多问题.13.同学们把课室保持得干干净净.14.我们注意到有许多人站在学校大门口.,句型练习- 简单句,1.事故是昨天发生的。2.我们已经在这个城市里生活了十年。3.刚才他看上去有些
21、焦急。4.这棵树比以前长得高多了。,1.The accident happened yesderday.,2.We have lived in the city for ten years.,3.He looked worried just now.,4.The tree has grown much taller than before.,5.他打算在即将到来的五一外出旅游。6.他爸爸给他买了一本词典作为生日礼物。7. 他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。8. 老板让他整天做那项工作。,5.She plans to travel in the coming May Day.,6.Her father
22、bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.,7.His father told me not to play in the street.,8.The boss made him do the work all day.,并列句(compound sentence): 把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来，则成为一个并列句。,I turned on the TV. I watched it. I turned on the TV and watched it. I bought my sister a present. She didnt li
23、ke it. I bought my sister a present,but she didnt like it.,并列句,并列句,常用并列连词coordinating conjunctions,平行并列连词: 转折并列连词：因果并列连词: 选择并列连词:,and,bothand, not only but also, neithernor,but, while, yet,for,so,or,eitheror,请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。1. He was tired. He went to bed. 2. The child hid behind his mothers
24、skirt. He was afraid of the dog.,He was tired, so he went to bed.,The child hid behind his mothers skirt,for he was afraid of the dog.,3.He made a promise. He didnt keep it.,He made a promise,but He didnt keep it.,4. Mary is opening the door. John is greeting her guests.,Mary is opening the door, an
25、d John is greeting her guests.,复合句:主句+从句主句是一个完整的句子(independent sentence),它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在. 并且一般位于从属连词之后。,By the time he arrived, 1we had already left. 2,请指出该复合句的主句和从句部分。,从句,主句,在复合句中，主要包含以下类型从句： 1.主语从句 2.宾语从句 3.表语从句 4.同位语从句 5.状语从句 6.定语从句,Ill give the letter to him when I see him. He didnt come yesterday because he was ill. It is such a big box that nobody can move it. Well go to the great wall if its fine tomorrow.,有下划线的词叫从属连词 (subordinating conjunction),
