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1、单纯手术治疗,不同分期的手术治疗,食管癌术前放疗,术前放疗-一项具有代表性的随机临床研究汪楣 等,中国医学科学院肿瘤医院 胸外科/放疗科,治疗流程,术前放疗,R+S : 放疗+手术 S alone:单一手术,术后病理所示放疗反应程度与生存时间,术前放疗,并发症,食管癌术前放疗对生存的影响:SEER研究Survival Effect of Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy Before Esophagectomy for Patients With Esophageal Cancer: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results S
2、tudy Int. J. Radiation Oncology Biol. Phys., Vol. 73, No. 2, pp. 449455, 2009,入组标准 病例来源:SEER数据库,1998-2004 病理类型:鳞癌 或 腺癌 疾病分期:T2, T3, T4 所有病人均接受手术切除,接受或未接受外照射新辅助放疗排除标准 接受过术后放疗,既往治疗情况不详,伴有 转移,手术术式不详,年龄不详或多原发共1033例病人符合入组标准,单因素分析:癌症专项生存,术前放疗单纯手术,单因素分析:总生存,新辅助放疗单纯手术,总生存率的多因素分析,结 论,术前放疗显著改善可手术切除食管癌的癌症专项生存和
3、总生存有必要进行前瞻性研究来证实新辅助放疗的价值,并确定新辅助化放疗的最佳药物及化放疗的联合方式,食管癌术前放化疗,Survival benefits from neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy or chemotherapy in esophageal carcinoma: a meta-analysis荟萃分析: 食管癌从新辅助化放疗或新辅助化疗中获益 Val Gebski,et al .Lancet Oncol 2007; 8: 22634,主要目标:所有原因的死亡率 (总生存率) 次要目标治疗干预对不同病理类型所有原因死亡率的影响(鳞癌或腺癌)化放疗联合模式对
4、所有原因死亡率的影响(续贯或同步),新辅助化放疗 vs 单纯手术总生存率,2年生存绝对获益13% p=0002,新辅助化疗 vs 单纯手术总生存率,2年生存绝对获益 7% p=005,分层分析:不同病理类型死亡率,新辅助化疗 vs 单纯手术,分层分析:不同病理类型+联合治疗模式死亡率,新辅助化放疗 vs 单纯手术,结 论,术前化放疗显著提高食管癌生存率,术前单纯化疗提高食管腺癌生存这项研究为食管癌新辅助治疗提供了循证基础.,Survival after neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy for resectable oesophagea
5、l carcinoma: an updated meta-analysis,研究内容:术前放化疗 vs 单纯手术术前化疗 vs 单纯手术术前放化疗 vs 术前化疗 观察指标:主要目标:所有原因的死亡率 (总生存率) 次要目标:治疗对不同病理类型死亡率的影响(鳞癌或腺癌),Lancet Oncol 2011; 12: 68192,Survival after neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy for resectable oesophageal carcinoma: an updated meta-analysis,Lancet Onco
6、l 2011; 12: 68192,研究概况:1980.1-2010.1124组随机分组研究:4188例患者。术前放化疗vs 手术:12组,1854例。术前化疗vs手术:9组,1981例术前放化疗vs术前化疗:2组,194例术前放化疗vs 手术 &术前化疗vs手术: 1组,分别78和81例。,术前放化疗+手术 vs 单纯手术:总生存率,Lancet Oncol 2011; 12: 68192,HR=0.78(0.70-0.88),P0.0001,不同病理类型术前放化疗的影响:总生存率,Lancet Oncol 2011; 12: 68192,HR=0.80(0.68-0.93),P=0.004
7、,HR=0.75(0.59-0.95),P=0.02,术前放化疗与围手术期死亡率,Lancet Oncol 2011; 12: 68192,围手术期死亡率与术前放化疗没有显著相关性,术前化疗+手术 vs 单纯手术:总生存率,Lancet Oncol 2011; 12: 68192,HR=0.87(0.79-0.96),P=0.005,不同病理类型术前化疗的影响:总生存率,Lancet Oncol 2011; 12: 68192,HR=0.92(0.81-1.04),P=0.18,HR=0.83(0.71-0.95),P=0.01,术前化疗与围手术期死亡率,Lancet Oncol 2011;
8、12: 68192,围手术期死亡率与术前化疗没有显著相关性,术前放化疗 vs 术前化疗:总生存率,Lancet Oncol 2011; 12: 68192,HR=0.88(0.76-1.01),P=0.07,Survival after neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy for resectable oesophageal carcinoma: an updated meta-analysis,Lancet Oncol 2011; 12: 68192,结论:术前放化疗或术前化疗显著改善总生存术前放化疗显著改善鳞癌或腺癌总生存术前化疗显著
9、改善腺癌总生存术前放化疗相对于术前化疗有提高生存率的趋势,Meta-analysis of neoadjuvant treatment modalities and definitive non-surgical therapy for oesophageal squamous cell cancer,研究内容:术前放化疗vs单纯手术术前化疗vs单纯手术根治性放化疗vs放化疗+手术或单纯手术观察指标:1-,2-, 3- and 5-y 生存率, R0切除率,治疗并发症,手术死亡率和肿瘤复发率,Br J Surg. 2011 Jun;98(6):768-83,术前放化疗+手术 vs 单纯手术,9
10、组随机分组研究(1992-2008):1099例患者鳞癌:6组;鳞癌/腺癌:3组中位年龄:60.8岁;男性:87%放疗:20-50.4Gy/1.2-3.7Gy/10-38f化疗:PDD5-Fu/VLB/BLM化放疗与手术间隔:2-8周总切除率:80-98%;pCR:11-43%,Br J Surg. 2011 Jun;98(6):768-83,术前放化疗 vs 单纯手术:总生存率,HR=081 (070 to 095), P = 0008,Br J Surg. 2011 Jun;98(6):768-83,术前放化疗 vs 单纯手术:R0切除率,术前放化疗组:55-100%;单纯手术组:37-1
11、00%HR=115(1.00-1.32), P = 0043,Br J Surg. 2011 Jun;98(6):768-83,术前放化疗 vs 单纯手术:术后并发症,术前放化疗组:5-80%;单纯手术组:3-92%HR=094,(0.82-1.07), P = 0363,Br J Surg. 2011 Jun;98(6):768-83,术前放化疗 vs 单纯手术:手术死亡率,术前放化疗组:8%;单纯手术组:5%HR=1.46,(0.91-2.33), P = 0116,Br J Surg. 2011 Jun;98(6):768-83,术前化疗+手术 vs 单纯手术,8组随机分组研究:1707
12、例患者中位年龄:62.5岁;男性:79%化疗:PDD5-Fu/VLB/BLM2/3患者按计划完成化疗化放疗与手术间隔:2-5周总切除率:70-95%;pCR:3-50%,Br J Surg. 2011 Jun;98(6):768-83,术前化疗 vs 单纯手术:总生存率,HR=093 (081 -1.08), P = 0368,Br J Surg. 2011 Jun;98(6):768-83,术前化疗 vs 单纯手术:R0切除率,术前化疗组:44-87%;单纯手术组:35-74%HR=116(1.05-1.30), P = 0006,Br J Surg. 2011 Jun;98(6):768-
13、83,术前化疗 vs 单纯手术:术后并发症,术前化疗组:1-50%;单纯手术组:3-47%HR=1.03,(0.90-1019), P = 0638,Br J Surg. 2011 Jun;98(6):768-83,术前化疗 vs 单纯手术:手术死亡率,HR=1.04,(0.76-1.43), P = 0810,Br J Surg. 2011 Jun;98(6):768-83,根治放化疗 vs 放化疗+手术或单纯手术,3组随机分组研究:512例患者中位年龄:59.1岁;男性:87%,Br J Surg. 2011 Jun;98(6):768-83,根治放化疗 vs 放化疗+手术或单纯手术:总生
14、存率,3组研究均无差异,Br J Surg. 2011 Jun;98(6):768-83,根治放化疗 vs 放化疗+手术或单纯手术:术后并发症,HR=0.78,(0.47-1.30), P = 0332,Br J Surg. 2011 Jun;98(6):768-83,根治放化疗 vs 放化疗+手术或单纯手术:治疗相关死亡率,HR=7.60,(1.76-32.88), P = 0007,Br J Surg. 2011 Jun;98(6):768-83,(1),(2),Meta-analysis of neoadjuvant treatment modalities and definitive
15、 non-surgical therapy for oesophageal squamous cell cancer,结论:术前放化疗显著改善可手术食管癌患者生存。术前放化疗或术前化疗显著提高R0切除率。根治性放化疗的作用不优于术前放化疗+手术的治疗结果,但前者治疗相关死亡显著低于后者(p=0.007),Br J Surg. 2011 Jun;98(6):768-83,Systematic review of the benefits and risks of neoadjuvant chemoradiation for oesophageal cancer,研究概况:2000-200838组
16、-期临床研究:3640例患者。化疗:PDD+5Fu为主。放疗:30-60Gy,1.8-2.0Gy/f为主,Br J Surg. 2010 Oct;97(10):1482-96,Systematic review of the benefits and risks of neoadjuvant chemoradiation for oesophageal cancer,研究结果:化放疗毒性以粒细胞减少多见。化放疗相关死亡率2.3%。R0切除:88.4%;病理完全缓解:25.8%。围手术期死亡率:5.2%。5年OS:16-59%pCR患者5年OS:34-62%,Br J Surg. 2010 Oc
17、t;97(10):1482-96,小结,有较多的临床证据支持可手术食管癌的术前放化疗或术前化疗对食管鳞癌和腺癌病例,术前放化疗有较为充分的研究结果能够提高生存率术前化疗仅能提供食管腺癌的生存率,Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy for Esophageal or Junctional Cancer,van Hagen P .N Engl J Med 2012;366(22):2074-84,Introduction,Esophageal cancer new case 480,000 per year deaths case 400,000 per year sur
18、gery R1 25% 5y-OS 40% Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy,Mainly eligibility criteria,SCC AC Large-cell undifferentiatedThoracic esophagus or EGJ T1N1M0 (UICC 2002) T2-3N0-1M0,Design,(2004.03 -2008.12),180 pts in CR+S,188 pts in S alone,171 received CR underwent surgery 161 underwent resection,186 underwe
19、nt surgery 161 underwent resection,178 were analyzed,188 were analyzed,368 underwent randomization,2 withdrew consent,CR: CBP AUV 2mg/L min ; TAX 50mg/ weekly,5 circle. 41.4Gy/1.8Gy/23f,Statistical analysis,Overall survival (OS)Intention-to-treat The KaplanMeier methodLog-rank test Cox modelsSPSS 17
20、.0,Results,Table 1.,Results Toxic effects,Table 2. adverse event during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy,Results surgery complication,Table 3. adverse event after surgery,Results pathological assessment,pCR 47(29%) AC 28(23%) P=0.008 SCC 18(49%),Results,Results OS,Figure 1,13%,Results,Figure 1,Discussi
21、on,Postoperative complication rates High! meticulous record,Discussion,Conclusion,preoperative chemoradiotherapy is safe and leads to a significant increase in OS among patients with AC or SCC of the esophagus or esophagogastric junction. (5 courses of carboplatin and paclitaxel, with 41.4 Gy of concurrent radiotherapy),