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1、,LOADING,L,O,A,D,I,N,G,D,G,I,L,Hester,A,Dimmesdale,Chillingworth,Pearl,Outline,1.Author2.Background3.plot summary4.Plot5.Analysis of characters6.Theme7.Artistic Features,Author：Nathaniel Hawthorne,Presenter：区海怡（35号）,Nathaniel Hawthorne,IntroductionFamily background & life experiencesWorksWriting the
2、me/style,Born:July 4, 1804, Salem, Mass., U.SDied: May 19, 1864, Plymouth, N.H.Occupation: U.S. novelist and short-story writerLiterary genre: Romanticism,Nathaniel Hawthorne,Introduction,Salem, Birthplace of Nathaniel Hawthorne,Boston, Setting of The Scarlet Letter,Family background,Ancestors: A ju
3、dge relate to the Salem Witchcraft Trials of 1692 (塞勒姆驱巫案件）Father: Died when he was only fourMother: Relied on relatives in rearing the childrenA family with a long Puritan (清教徒）tradition.,Attended Bowdoin College in 1821;Hawthorne was hired in 1839 as a weigher and gauger at the Boston Custom House
4、.He joined the transcendentalist utopian community at Brook Farm in 1841;His later works show some Transcendentalist influence, including a belief in individual choice and consequence, and an emphasis on symbolism.,Life experience,In 1852, he wrote the campaign biography of his old friend Franklin P
5、ierce.Hawthorne was rewarded in 1853 with the position of United States consul in Liverpool. In 1857, his appointment ended;He died in 1864, a few years after returning to America.,His four major romances or novelswritten between 1850 and 1860,The Scarlet Letter红字 (1850) The House of the Seven Gable
6、s 七个尖角阁的房子 (1851) The Blithedale Romance 福谷传奇 (1852) The Marble Faun 玉石雕像(1860),The Birth-Mark 胎记(1843) Rappaccinis Daughter 拉帕奇尼的女儿(1844) My Kinsman, Major Molineux 我的亲戚莫里诺少校(1832) The Ministers Black Veil 教长的黑面纱(1836) Young Goodman Brown好小伙子布朗 (1835),Much of Hawthornes work is set in colonial New
7、England, and many of his short stories have been read as moral allegories influenced by his Puritan background.,Major Themes of His Works,Sin and EvilHistory and AntiquityAlienation Puritan New England Other themes,Style a typical romantic writer,a man of literary craftsmanship，extraordinary in,the
8、use of symbol,The symbol serves as a weapon to attack reality. It can be found everywhere in his writing,the use of ambiguity,revelation of characters psychology,to keep the reader in the world of uncertainty multiple point of view,the use of supernatural,Background&Plot summaryPresenter：梁艳婷（33号）,Ba
9、ckground,19th centuryPolitics: Democracy and political equality became the ideals of the new nation. Economics: the spread of industrialism, the sudden influx of immigration, and the development of Westward Movement produced an economic boon.Culture: American English began; many magazines newspapers
10、 appeared; Transcendentalism widely spread.Religion: Puritanism became popular.,Romanticism,economics,politics,culture,religion,Background,17th century ,Boston, Massachusetts,Puritans,North America,Life in Colonies was hash, but it gave the Puritans the opportunity to form a society based on their r
11、eligious ideals.,How about their life?,Every member of the community was held to strict standards of behavior.,Personal freedom, Puritans sought the freedom to live by theirs beliefs.,However, the Puritan leaders did not tolerate religious beliefs that differed from their own., In a Puritan communit
12、y such as Hesters, no aspect of life was truly private., People kept a close watch on their neighbors.,Hester,plot summary,marry,revenge,love,Pearl,RogerChillingworth,ArthurDimmesdale,Plot,Presenter :杨锦萍 （05号）,Now, story time begins !,C1&C2:The prison door & the market place,17th C Boston, Hester wa
13、s led from the town prison.,A man in the crowd told an elderly onlooker that Hester was punished for adultery（通奸罪）,C1&C2:The prison door & the market place,Who is the elderly onlooker?,Hesters missing husband !,recognized,C3:the recognition,Her husband disguised himself as a doctor and changed his n
14、ame to Roger Chillingworth. She was asked to keep secrete.,C4：the interview,Hester and pearl lived in a small cottage on the outskirts of Boston. Hester supported herself by working as a seamstress, and Pearl grew into a willful, impish child.,C5&C6: Hester at her needle & Pearl,Community officials
15、attempted to take Pearl away from Hester.With the help of Arthur Dimmesdale Hester and Pearl managed to stay together.,C7&C8:the governments hall & the elf-child and the minister,Dimmesdale appeared to be wasting away and suffered from mysterious heart trouble.Chillingworth attached himself to Dimme
16、sdale and lived with him so that he could provide his patient with round-the-clock care .Roger detected the minister as the lover and kept haunting his mind and soul.,C9&C10:The leech & the leech and his patient,Dimmesdales psychological anguish deepened, and he invented new tortures for himself. In
17、 the meantime, Hesters charitable deeds and quiet humility have earned her a reprieve from the scorn of the community.,C11:the interior of a heart,One night, Hester and Pearl encountered Dimmesdale at the town scaffold, trying to punish himself for his sins. Hester and Pearl joined him, and the thre
18、e link hands. Dimmesdale refused Pearls request that he acknowledged her publicly the next day.,C12:The ministers vigil,Hester could see that the ministers condition is worsening.She went to Chillingworth and asked him to stop adding to Dimmesdales self-torment. Chillingworth refused.,C13C15 Hester
19、and the physician,Hester realized the evil of his husband and revealed the true identity of Roger to Arthur.Arthur was afraid to confess. So she persuaded Arthur to flee to Europe with her and pearl in four days.,C16-C19 A forest walk,The day before the ship was to sail, the townspeople gathered for
20、 a holiday and Dimmesdale preached his most eloquent sermon ever.Hester has learned that Chillingworth knew of their plan and has booked passage on the same ship.,C20-C22:the New England holiday,Dimmesdale, leaving the church after his sermon, saw Hester and Pearl standing before the town scaffold.
21、Arthur confessed his sin and showed his scarletA.He died with peace through confession.,C23：the revelation of the scarlet letter,Hester and Pearl escape.,Chillingworth dies a year later leaving all his property to Pearl.,Hester returned alone wearing the scarlet Letter ”A”.,C24:conclusion,When she d
22、ied, she was buried near the minister, and they shared a gravestone.,On a field, sable, the letter A, gules.,In other words, marked on the headstone is a scarlet letter A drawn over a black background.,一片墨黑的土地，一个血红的“A”,C24:conclusion,Analysis of characters Presenter：谢春柳（29号）,1,Hester Prynne,1.Origin
23、al image of Hester: strong and braveGraceful and beautiful lady Eager for true loveProtecting her lover2.As a sinner: working hard to get salvationSelf-restrain and tolerant Working hard and being kind 3.Final image of Hester: “A” turn into “Able, Admirable，Angle”,2,Arthur Dimmesdale,As a priest: pi
24、ous; the representative of GodAs a lover and father : coward ; fail to take responsiblyAs a Puritan: toured by his belief and his love;,3,Roger Chillingworth,Original image : well-educated and proficient in medical skillAs a avenger: merciless; a devil; symbolize the true sin,4,Pearl,Much more impet
25、uous and wild:Do what she pleased;Resented the people who she viewedas enemies.The symbols of Pearl: Living scarlet “A“,ThemePresenter:李智颖（07号）,Identity and society,Sin & Redemption,The nature of evil,Themes,Sin & Redemption,“There are sins of the flesh, sins of weakness and sins of will and intelle
26、ct.”- Arlin Turner,The Scarlet Letter shows different ways of the redemption of the sinful character from their sins.,Sin & Redemption,Sin,Redemption,Chillingworth,Dimmesdale,Adultery,Hatred & revenge,confessed his sin on the scaffold,Hester,acknowledged her sin and displayed it boldly -“A”,Adultery
27、 & Hypocrisy(虚伪）,left his property to Hester and Pearl,An inseparable part of human being,The love between Hester and Dimmesdale that seduces them into evil.,Chillingworths carefully plotted and precisely aimed revenge on Dimmesdale.,Evil arises from the close relationship between hate and love.,The
28、 nature of evil,In the novel:,As the author concluded in the last chapter: It is a curious subject of observation and inquiry, whether hatred and love be not the same thing at bottom. Each, in its utmost development, supposes a high degree of intimacy and heart-knowledge; each renders one individual
29、 dependent for the food of his affections and spiritual life upon another,Identity and society,publicly shamed and forced by the people of Boston to wear a badge of humiliation,refigure the scarlet letter as a symbol of her own experiences and character,Hester:,integrates determinedly her sin into h
30、er life,He struggled against a socially determined identity. However, as the communitys minister, he is more symbol than human being.,Dimmesdale,Artistic Features Presenter：陈维拉（34号）,Artistic Features,TranscendentalismSymbolismRomanticismGothic style,Symbolism,The most outstanding feature used in thi
31、s work There are a lot of ingenious images which reflect Puritanism wreck on peoples spirit and peoples infinite hope for happy life.The Scarlet Letter was regarded as the first symbolism novel in America.,Symbols of The Letter “A”,“A” firstly stands for the crime AdulteryTo the puritans it is a sym
32、bol of just punishment.To Hester, a device of unjust humiliationTo Dimmesdale, a piercing reminder of his guiltTo Chillingworth, a spur to the quest of revengeTo Pearl, a bright and mysterious curiosity,Alienation,Adultery,“A”,Symbols of The Letter “A”,“A” varies its meaning as the development of th
33、e story,Able,Admirable,Angel,The symbolic meaning of names of characters,Arthur Dimmesdale -Arthur Dimmesdale AD Adultery- “Dim” means lack of light, “dale” means valley-Weak and coward Roger Chillingworth-“chill” -chilly-cool-heartless and merciless(his misshapen body reflects or symbolizes the evi
34、l in his soul, which builds as the novel progress.),Hester Prynne (heroine):,1、Hester: Hestia -The Virgin goddess in Greek mythology -Symbol of beauty and virtue2、Prynne-Prurient (desire for physical love), which is considered as the root of sin and crime.Pry( probe into): to probe into the human na
35、ture (sin),Why does Hester name her daughter Pearl?,Peal Prynne-treasure- -the treasure to her mother-comes out of an ugly shell but is beautiful-comes out of an torturing process,a kind of spirit and hope in America, her happiness symbolize humans bright future,The symbolic meaning of other subject
36、s,Prison(监狱): the black flower of the civilized societyGrassland(草地): something ugly and mordant exist in the civilized society Rose(蔷薇花): the flower of moralityWood(树林): moral wildnessPedestal(邢台): rigorous religious discipline of Puritanism,Romanticism,The author mixed together with adventure, her
37、o, specific background and character to take us into a mysterious scene and to explore the world of humans real inner heart.,Gothic style,A kind of literary style in relation to mysterious or terrifying Love Story. The most prominent theme is the conflict between good and evil.There are many factors
38、: the gloomy castle, the crime of adultery, religion, Italian, (they are unruly), defect of Chillingworth, ghost in mirror, natural phenomenon, knight and policeman, work of art (the Bible tapestry ), blood.,The achievement of the novel,The Analysis of Various SubjectsOn the thinking side, the topic
39、 of those achievements varied as widely as from feminism to 19th century male identities, from Puritanism to Race and Slavery, from Transcendentalism to Policy. For instance, from the point of religion, Feng Guoling said the religious ethics stopped the author from uniting the lover with wedlock. Th
40、e Study of Writing SkillsIt is the first point that he was good at putting symbols into full play. The second one is the phantasmagoria that was imbedded into with his novel The Use of Intertextual ReadingThis mode covers two parts that intertexual reading of different literary works as well as lite
41、rary works and history.,Comment,In the novel, Hester proudly carries on, wearing the scarlet letter, deciding to live according to the high standards she sets for herself rather than the low standards others have set for her. She takes responsibility for herself and establishes her own identity, win
42、ning the admiration of the townspeople in the end. In our life, we should also do what we think is right rather than to be the one others think you are.,Famous remark in the book,However, there is a provision alike marvelous and merciful, that the sufferer should never know the intensity of what he
43、endure by its present torture, but chiefly by the pang that follows after it. 不过，在人性里，却还有一条既惊人而又慈悲的成规，受难的人在受苦的当时，从不会明了那有多么的剧烈，倒是事后的绞痛叫他最难堪。All the world had frowned on her-for seven long years had it frowned upon this lonely woman-and still she bore it all, nor ever once turned away her firm, sad ey
44、es.七年来，全世界都蔑视她这个孤苦伶仃的女人，她都顶过来了；她面对现实，从不避开自己坚定而忧伤的目光。,Thank You ！,The Salem Witchcraft Trials of 1692塞勒姆驱巫案,1692年，塞勒姆镇一个牧师的女儿突然得了一种类似癫痫的传染病，随后另外七个女孩相继出现了同样的症状。当时人们普遍认为，让孩子们得了怪病是因为村里的黑人女奴和一个女乞丐，还有一个孤僻的从来不去教堂的老妇人。,当局者对这3名女人严刑逼供，“女巫”和“巫师”的数量也一步步增加，先后有20多人死于这起冤案中，另有200多人被逮捕或监禁。1992年，马萨诸塞州议会通过决议，宣布为所有受害者恢复名誉。,
