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1、小作文各图写作技巧,越努力越幸运,派图介绍,单派双派多派,越努力越幸运,派图的写作技巧,图中找类别按类分段,越努力越幸运,派图的重难点, 如何准确把握图中的信息 如何正确转述图中的信息 如何灵活运用词汇、短语、句型，避免用词单一、句式表达雷同 如何精炼语言，避免赘述、啰嗦，避免给评卷人套模板的印象,越努力越幸运,2.13 派图词汇基础之占据,RepresentOccupy Stand for Account for,越努力越幸运,2.16 派图的常用句型,“占”：account for, hold, make up, take up, constitute, comprise, represe
2、nt . 百分比：percentage，proportion, share .“约”：the majority of, most of, a considerable number of, a minority of , just over, slightly more than/less than, nearly half 确切数字 (1) 分数与百分比的转化：one third, two fifths (2) 常见表达：a quarter, a half .,越努力越幸运,Eg1: 整体+局部,The following two pie charts illustrate the ener
3、gy use in the U.S.A.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information given in the pie charts below.,越努力越幸运,越努力越幸运,P1,The following two pie charts illustrate the energy use in the U.S.A.The two graphs describe the data of the energy use and the residential energy use in detail in t
4、he United States.,越努力越幸运,P2,It can be seen from the first pie chart that the energy is used for four purposes. Specifically, industry accounts for the largest proportion (41%) of the used energy while demand of transportation makes up 26% of the total need of energy. Residential and commercial repre
5、sent 19% and 14% respectively.,越努力越幸运,P3,According to the second pie chart, it clearly shows that heating and air conditioning account for the largest proportion (62%) in the residential energy use while the small appliances makes up the least proportion (10%). The heating water and miscellaneous (
6、including cooking) constitutes 15% and 13% respectively.,越努力越幸运,P4,From the chart, we may have a basic understanding of the situation of energy use in the United States.,越努力越幸运,线图审图技巧,趋势描述速度描述极点交点起点重点的描述,线图的写作技巧,趋势描述多样化,线图解析,越努力越幸运,线图的重难点,交点难掌控 图内对比看不出,越努力越幸运,线图的常用句型,先(上升/下降)后(下降/上升)，之后便平稳 对峰值和低谷的描述
7、 趋势相同描述 对未来的表述 对波动的描述,越努力越幸运,先(上升/下降)后(下降/上升)，之后便平稳,1. According to the data , the years from tosaw/witness a rise/climb/drop in the number/rate/percentage/proportion of 对象 from 数据 to 数据，which was followed by a rapid decrease/reduce/increase over the . years,越努力越幸运,2. The number/ratedropped/went up
8、again fromin XXX year toin XXX year and then went up/climbed gradually until XXX year ,when there was a leveling off/leveling out at 数据 for 一段时间,越努力越幸运,1. Also it can be noticed that in XXX year ,the number/percentage reached the bottom . However/on the contrary, XXX year saw the peak during this pe
9、riod. 2. 时间点 ，when the number/percentage reached (amounted to) to a peak of / a high point at 3. 时间点,when the number/percentage bottomed out (at),对峰值和低谷的描述,越努力越幸运,The proportion/number of 对象 in the xx and xx are similar and follow the same trend. In XX the figures were xx% and xx% respectively, risi
10、ng to xx% and xx% respectively in XXX ,after dipping to xx% and xx% respectively in XXX. Thereafter .,趋势相同描述,越努力越幸运,对未来的表述,is projected to as tois expected to as foris forecasted to is estimated to,越努力越幸运,对波动的描述,as can be seen from the graph, the two curves show the fluctuation of fluctuated dramati
11、cally between xx% and xx% during period.,越努力越幸运,柱图审图技巧, 关键是“比较”&“对比” 找出similarity & difference既要横向总结所有柱状图的共性特征，又要分别描写各个柱形的个性特征,越努力越幸运,柱图的写作技巧, 单柱如果是以时间为横轴的话，就写一下趋势如果是以组为横轴，则直接写。 多柱如果数据比较多，就取几个最大或者最小的就行，也就是说在比较的过程中想要拿到想要的结果就要找对比鲜明的那一对。把对比最鲜明的几个柱子描述清楚，其他的可以一带而过。,越努力越幸运,柱形图的常用句型,The bar chart illustrat
12、es that. According to the bar chart, .From the bar chart, we can see clearly that.It is clear/apparent from the chart that.The bar chart depicts 描述(that). the bar chart leads us to the conclusion结论 that.,越努力越幸运,The graph below shows the different modes of transport used to travel to and from work in
13、 one European city in 1960, 1980 and 2000.,越努力越幸运,P1,The graph below shows the different modes of transport used to travel to and from work in one European city in 1960, 1980 and 2000. 题目The bar graph shows the changing patterns in commuting by train, car, tube or bus for commuters in one European c
14、ity in the years 1960, 1980 and 2000.,越努力越幸运,P2,The number of people using trains at first rose from just under 20% in 1960 to about 26% in 1980, but then fell back to about 23% in 2000.,越努力越幸运,P3,Use of the tube was relatively stable, falling from around 27% of commuters in 1960 to 22% in 1980, but
15、 climbing back to reach 25% by 2000.,越努力越幸运,P4,On the other hand, the use of cars increased steadily from just over 5% in 1960 to 23% in 1980, reaching almost 40% by 2000, whereas the popularity of buses has declined since 1960, falling from just under 35% in 1960 to 27% in 1980 and only 15% in 2000
16、.,越努力越幸运,P5,The graph indicates the growing use of cars for commuting to work between 1960 - 2000, and the continued decline in the popularity of buses from being the most popular mode of transport in 1960 to the least popular in 2000.,越努力越幸运,表格图审图技巧,1. 有时间因素表格： 按照时间顺序，转化为更为明了的线图2. 有地域因素表格： 注意横向比较，并
17、根据数值大小对数据进行分类，再抽取较大或较小的典型值进行说明3. 包含其他因素的表格： 分别观察各标准在图表中呈现的特征，然后分别说明,越努力越幸运,表格图的写作技巧,1. 快速浏览题目中的文字信息，重点关注研究对象、数据类型和时间，明确在主体段的写作中要注意数据类型的变化和时态一致问题2. 看题目中的表格图形，看图形时也要先看文字说明，包括标题、标注和单位，弄懂数据所代表的信息，而非数据本身筛选信息，圈定关键数据整理写作顺序,越努力越幸运,表格图的重难点,1. 数据繁多而且凌乱，找不出很明显的特征2. 如何用适当的顺序、结构和衔接方式把表格中体现的特征条理清晰地传达出来3. 写的时候如何不遗
18、漏信息,越努力越幸运,越努力越幸运,P1,The table demonstrates the data regarding the subway system in six cities, including date opened, kilometers of route and passengers per year (in millions),越努力越幸运,P2,In terms of date opened, London has the most time-honored (1863) subway system among the six cities while subway
19、system in Los Angeles is the newest one opened in 2001. （最老，最新）Systems in Paris and Tokyo are opened in 1900 and 1927, respectively. 时间顺序After that, systems in Washington DC and Kyoto are opened in 1976 and 1981 differently.,越努力越幸运,As for the size of the railway system, London still ranks the first,
20、 meaning it has the longest subway system (384 kilometers) among the six cities, which is roughly twice as large as the system in Paris. （最长）By contrast, subway system in Kyoto is shorter (11 kilometers) than the others even though it opened in relatively recent year.（最短）The kilometers of route in T
21、okyo, Washington DC and Los Angeles are 155, 126 and 28 differently.,越努力越幸运,The third part is passengers per year in millions. More exactly, the top three are Tokyo (1927), Paris (1191) and London (775). Underground railway system in Washington DCs has 144 millions passengers per year. Systems in Lo
22、s Angeless and Kyotos carry fewer passengers per year (50 and 45, respectively).,越努力越幸运,Thus, it can be clearly seen from the table that the subway systems in Tokyo and Paris serves for more passengers whereas the systems in Los Angeles and Kyoto carry fewer passengers mainly because of the short ro
23、ute.,越努力越幸运,对于不同时间同一事物的比较,先相减/相加，后分组哪些是增加，哪些是减少幅度大的与幅度小的分组,越努力越幸运,The table below gives information about changes in modes of travel in England between 1985 and 2000. 剑6 P52,越努力越幸运,增加的 Car, Long distance bus, Train, Taxi幅度大的 Car +1607减少的 Walking, Bicycle, Local bus幅度大的 Local bus -155,越努力越幸运,P1,The t
24、able demonstrates how different modes of travel changed in England in 15 years spanning from 1985 to 2000. In general, the modes are classified into two kinds in terms of average miles travelled per person per year: one enjoyed rising popularity while the other decreasing.,越努力越幸运,P2,The travel modes
25、 which gained popularity in the period included cars, long distance buses, trains, taxis and others. Cars remained top among the modes in the 15 years, with its average miles increasing considerably from 3,199 in 1985 to 4,806 in 2000. Long distance buses and taxis seemed to be warmly welcomed by tr
26、avelers, so average miles travelled in the two modes almost tripled,越努力越幸运,P3,Travels by walking, bicycles and local buses lost travelers favor in the one and a half decade.Average travelling distance by local buses suffered the biggest decrease, dropping from 429 to 274, while the number of miles b
27、y walking and bikes fell mildly from 255 to 237 and from 51 to 41 respectively.,越努力越幸运,P4,Overall, the number of miles travelled by the average per person rose from 4,740 miles in 1985 to 6,475 miles in 2000, with the increase of cars accounting for almost all of that increase.,越努力越幸运,流程图审图技巧,流程图的本质
28、其实就是要求考生将图中出现的文字信息用连贯的语言串起来，不需要过多地发挥。,越努力越幸运,流程图的写作技巧,1. 时态相对单一，主要用一般现在时2. 经常使用被动语态，显得比较客观和正式3. 找出流程图的始末点，并划分中间的步骤或阶段4. 掌握表示“顺序”的连接词(Sequencing Words)，用来说明过程的各个步骤和先后顺序5. 对于题目里出现的专业词汇或生词，不认识也没关系，只需照抄即可,越努力越幸运,流程图的重难点,1. 语言组织2. 逻辑顺序3. 是否如实反应图中的信息,越努力越幸运,流程图的常用单词,过程：process、procedure阶段/步骤：stage、step连接词
29、：1. 第一步：at first、to begin with、in the first stage2. 下一步：then、next、the second stage3. 最后：finally、lastly、the final stage4. 平行步骤：meanwhile、at the same time,越努力越幸运,流程图的常用句型, The following diagraph shows the structure of The picture illustrates It mainly consists of It works as follows: It usually involv
30、es following steps: The whole procedure can be divided intostages.,越努力越幸运,First Stages,The process starts fromThe process begins with.In terms of., the first stage is that.At the beginning of the cycle, The beginning of the whole cycle is marked by,越努力越幸运,Stages,At this point; then; in the next step
31、; after that; afterwardsThe second stage is The next step in the process is,越努力越幸运,End Stages,In the final stageThe final procedure/ step of this process isThis marks the end of the process and the beginning of a new one is the last step in the procedure.,越努力越幸运,Lasting time,The stage lasts for 30 m
32、inutes untilAfter a period of 30 minutes,It takes 10 days for X to After a period ofBefore, it takes 30 minutes to 30 minutes have to be spent on this process before,越努力越幸运,剑6P75,越努力越幸运,越努力越幸运,P1,The first diagram shows that there are four main stages in the life of the silk worm.First of all, eggs
33、are produced by the moth and it takes ten days for each egg to become a silkworm larva that feeds on mulberry leaves. This stage lasts for up to six weeks until the larva produces a cocoon of silk thread around itself. After a period of about three weeks, the adult moths eventually emerge from these
34、 cocoons and the life cycle begins again.,越努力越幸运,P2,The cocoons are the raw material used for the production of silk cloth. Once selected, they are boiled in water and the threads can be separated in the unwinding stage. Each thread is between 300 and 900 metres long, which means they can be twisted
35、 together, dyed and then used to produce cloth in the weaving stage,越努力越幸运,P3,Overall, the diagrams show that the cocoon stage of the silkworm can be used to produce silk cloth through a very simple process.,越努力越幸运,The map indicate the recycling process of glass bottles,越努力越幸运,P1,This diagram illust
36、rates the recycling process of glass bottles. The whole process is a cycle which can be divided into three main stages.,越努力越幸运,P2,In the first stage, used bottles are collected at a recycling point and transported by a truck. The second stage starts in a cleaning plant, where these recycled bottles
37、are sorted by color into green, brown and clear ones and washed by high-pressurised water. When the cleaning is done, the bottles are conveyed to a glass factory where they are cut into glass pieces which are then poured into a furnace. 30,越努力越幸运,P3,After being heated in the furnace, the broken glas
38、ses are melted into liquid, which flows into a glass mold. In the final stage, new, empty bottles are filled with liquid, then packed and despatched to the supermarket and picked by consumers. At this point, a cycle has been completed and a new cycle will begin.,越努力越幸运,地图审图技巧,注意结合地图中体现的细节信息，进行相互比较与对
39、比，并体现对比结果。,越努力越幸运,地图的写作技巧,注意“变化”（1）图形原有事物的改变（2）图形新添事物,越努力越幸运,地图的重难点,1. 时态：通常为一般过去时2. 细节变化：地图每个细节变化都要提到，不能忽略3. 语态：通常为被动语态4. 书写顺序：时间顺序&空间顺序,越努力越幸运,地图的常用单词,方位：in the east/ west/ south/ north of ; in the eastern/ western/ southern northern part of 建设：build, construct（一般建筑物），erect竖立（高大的建筑物），establish / s
40、et up（无建筑的物体或抽象的机构），pave（道路的修建）,越努力越幸运,地图的常用句型, It is obvious/notable/noticeable that. It is easy to locate/to find that It can be seen from the graph that A is located/situated/sited in/on/to the east of B. A is in center/middle/central area of B A is near /next to/close to/adjacent to B. A is on t
41、he opposite side of B.,越努力越幸运,Location,A liesShanghai lies in the east of ChinaJapan lies to the east of ChinaMongolia lies on the north side of ChinaA is locatedA is next to/ near/ close to BA is at the east/ west/ north/ south of BA is right across from BThe road runs from to,越努力越幸运,Draw by yourse
42、lf,The playground is roughly in the middle of the residential zone.The bank is in the Northwest corner of the residential zone.Houses are at the bottom of the residential zone.The motorcyclist is outside the residential zone.The barbers is opposite to the bankThe supermarket is halfway between the b
43、ank and the barbers.The supermarket is directly opposite to the stop.A local bus is to the right of the station,越努力越幸运,剑5P75,The map below is of the town of Garlsdon. A new supermarket (S) is planned for the town. The map shows two possible sites for supermarket.选址型,越努力越幸运,northwest,countryside,Fewe
44、r customer,Low rent,Train, bus,centre,downtown,CBD, residential, industry,shoppers,rent,traffic,Satellite cities,越努力越幸运,P1,The map shows two proposed locations for a new supermarket for the town of Garlsdon,越努力越幸运,P2,The first potential location (S1) is outside the town itself, and is locatedd just
45、off the main road to the town of Hindon, lying 12 kms to the north-west. This site is in the countryside and so it would be able to accommodate a lot of car parking, which makes it accessible to shoppers from both Hindon and Garlsdon who could travel by car.,越努力越幸运,P2,As it is also close to the rail
46、way line linking the two towns to Cransdon (25 km to the south-east), a potentially large number of shoppers would also be able to travel by train.Generally speaking, the rent is relatively lower in countryside, so it will save some expending.,越努力越幸运,P3,In contrast, the suggested location, S2, is ri
47、ght in the town centre, which would be good for local residents. Theorically the store could be accessed by road or rail from the surrounding towns, but as the central area is a no-traffic zone, cars would be unable to park and access would be difficult.,越努力越幸运,P4,Overall, neither site is appropriat
48、e for all the towns, but the out-of-town site (S1) would probably offer more advantages and more reasonable .,越努力越幸运,Chorleywood is a village near London whose population has increased steadily since the middle of the nineteenth century. The map below shows the development of the village. Write a re
49、port for a university lecturer describing the development of the village.发展型,越努力越幸运,越努力越幸运,越努力越幸运,越努力越幸运,越努力越幸运,越努力越幸运,P1,The map shows the changes and development of Chorleywood village in Great Britain over a period of 126 years from 1868 to 1994.,越努力越幸运,P2,Chronologically,按年代顺序排列的 during the firs
50、t 15 years from 1868 to 1883, Chorleywood was merely a very small village with one main road to its west.,越努力越幸运,P2,From 1883 to 1922, we see that the village expanded to south, almost tripled the original scale. Besides, a railway line was built across the new area from west to east and there emerg
