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1、,简单句与并列句,知识结构图,【考点诠释】,祈使句,1.主要用于请求，发出邀请，给予指示、忠告或警告，也可用于发出命令等。2. 一般不出现主语，但有时为了指明向谁发出请求或命令，也可说出主语。3.谓语动词一律用动词原形。否定式一律在动词前面加dont,例1._ the milk and set a good example to the other children. A. Drink B. To drink C. Drinking D. Having drinking,【典型考题】,A,例2.- Sorry ,Joe. I didnt mean to - Dont call me “Joe”
2、 .Im Mr. Parker to you , and _ you forget it!(NMET 2003) A. do B. didnt C. did D. dont,D,4.“祈使句 + and + 陈述句”句型的三种变化形式 （1） “祈使句 + 破折号 + 陈述句” some of this juiceperhaps youll like it. 尝尝这种果汁， 也许你会喜欢的。,Try,解析：祈使句一般是省略主语，以动词原形开头。但本句是一个特殊形式，常被称为无动词祈使句。相当于give me one more hour.,（2） “名词词组 + and + 陈述句” 名词词组中
3、通常含有more, another, further, earlier等词。,_ and I will get the work finished.A. Have one more hour B. One more hourC. Given one more hour D. If I have one more hour,B,It is really very dangerous and the baby will fall into the well真危险,再多迈一步,这个小孩儿就掉进井里了。 and I could buy a car 假如我再有500镑， 就能买辆小汽车了。 and yo
4、ull lost 再多走一步， 你就会迷失方向了。 and I could have seen the famous scientist要是我早来几分钟， 就能见到那位著名的科学家了。,One more step,Another 500,One step further,A few minutes earlier,（3） “祈使句 + or + 陈述句” or表示“否则”、“要不然的话”， or可用or else或otherwise替换， 从反面来预测结果。 Take the chance, or you will regret it. 抓住机会吧， 否则你会遗憾的。 Watch your s
5、tep, or else you might fall into the water 留神脚下， 不然你会掉进水里的。 Do as youre told, otherwise youll be in trouble 叫你怎么做就怎么做， 否则你会有麻烦的。,体验高考,1.Mary,_here-everybodyelse,staywhereyouare.（2006NMET 35） A.come B.comes C.tocome D.coming,2._itwithmeandIllseewhatIcando.(1998NMET18) A.WhenleftB.Leaving C.Ifyouleave
6、 D.Leave,3.-What should I do with the Passage? (2005重庆11 ) - the main idea of each Paragraph A .Finding out B、Found out C . Find out D. To find out,A,D,C,4. -Write to me when you get home.-I_.(NMET2001春,京蒙皖)A. must B. should C. will D. can,C,5. _some of this juice-perhaps youll like it.(NMET2000春)A.
7、 Trying B. Try C. To try D. Have tried6. _it with me and Ill see what I can do.(NMET1998)A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave7. -Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.-_.(NMET1994)A. I dont B. I wont C. I cant D. I havent8. _down the radio-the babys asleep in the next room.(N
8、MET1993)A. Turning B. Turn C. Turned D. To turn,D,B,B,B,感叹句,【考点诠释】,三、其它类型的感叹句1、陈述句型But he has nothing on! (SBI. P120)Its most beautiful! (SBI. P120)2、单词及短语型The design and the colors! (SBI.P103)Yes, perfectly wonderful! (SBI.P120)Beautiful! Excellent! Magnificent! (SBI. P119)Congratulations! (SBI.P28
9、2)总之，要掌握好感叹句，关键在于结合实际。但对于我们中学生来说，掌握上述的一、二种感叹句是十分必要的。试做下面练习：1. What _ exciting news it is! A. a B. an C. the D./2. _we have today! A. How a fine weather B. How fine weather C. What fine weather D. What a fine weather3. What _ great progress theyve made! A. a B. / C. an D. the4. _ surprise they gave u
10、s! A. What a wonderful B. How a wonderful C. What wonderful D. How wonderful(Keys: 1.D 2.C 3.B 4. A ),感叹句是英语中，尤其是口语中常用的一种句型。感叹句通常用what或how引导，表示惊奇、愤怒、赞赏、喜悦等感情。,一、由what引导的的感叹句在这种感叹句中，what为限定词，主语和谓语部分用正常语序；甚至可以省去主语和谓语部分，后加感叹号。句型结构如下：1. What + a/an (+adj.) + 可数名词单数（+主语+谓语部分）！2. What (+adj.) + 可数名词复数（+主语
11、+谓语部分）！3. What (+adj.) + 不可数名词（+主语+谓语部分）！注意：其中的adj.可有可无。例如：1) What splendid clothes! (SBI. P100)2) What a clever boy he is!3) What fun it is to have sports after class!,二、由how引导的感叹句在这种感叹句中，how为副词，修饰形容词、副词、动词，主语和谓语部分用正常用语序，后加感叹号。其句型结构为：1. How +adj. +主语+系动词（+其它）！2. How + adv. +主语+谓语部分！3. How +主语+谓语部分！
12、例如：1) Oh, how silly you all are! (SBI. P28)2) How splendid the Emperor looks in his new clothes! (SBI. P120)3) And how well they fit! (SBI. P120)4) How I miss you!5) How I wish I had been able to say the rules without a mistake! (SBII. P180),注意：“What a/an + adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语部分！”可换为“How +adj +a/an +
13、主语+谓语部分！” 而其它两种what句型结构不能与how句型换用。例如：1) What a strange feeling it was ! = How strange a feeling it was!2) How strange feelings they were! 则是错误的， 应改为：What strange feelings they were!3) How wonderful weather it is! 也是错误的， 应改为： What wonderful weather it is !这就是说，在复数名词和不可数名词之前不可用 how +形容词构成感叹句，而应用what +
14、adj.+复数可数名词或不可数名词。,【典型考题】,例1. -she sings! I have never heard a better voice.A. How beautiful B. What beautiful songC. How beautifully D. So wonderful,C,例2.The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. _ it was! A. What a dangerous sceneB. What dangerous a scene C. How a dan
15、gerous scene D. How dangerous the scene,A,1. What _ exciting news it is! A. a B. an C. the D./2. _we have today! A. How a fine weather B. How fine weather C. What fine weather D. What a fine weather3. What _ great progress theyve made! A. a B. / C. an D. the4. _ surprise they gave us! A. What a wond
16、erful B. How a wonderful C. What wonderful D. How wonderful,体验高考,D,C,B,A,反意疑问句,考点一：主从复合句后面的反意疑问句,如果陈述部分是主从复合句，后面的反意疑问句通常跟主句的主谓一致。,She said that I did it, ? 她说是我干的，是吗？They know how much it cost, ? 他们知道这花了多少钱，是吗？,didnt she,dont they,如果主句的谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, imagine, guess, expect 等，后面的反意疑问句要
17、注意三种情况。1.如果主语是I，后面的反意疑问句与从句的主谓一致。,I think that he is wrong, ? I dont think he likes it, ?,isnt he,does he,2.如果主句的主语是其他人称，反意疑问句需与主句的主谓一致。,Jim said no one was fond of the job, _? You didnt think we were from the UK, _?,didnt he,did you,3. 如果主句的动词是否定式，后面用肯定。即前肯后否，前否后肯，注意否定转移。,考点二：强调结构后面的反意疑问句,强调结构“It i
18、s/was + 被强调部分+ that”的强调句需与that前面的主谓一致。,It was at the gate that you met her, _?A. wasnt it B. was it C. didnt you D. did you,A,It was your father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening, _?A. was it B. wasnt it C. didnt he D. did he,B,考点三：并列句后面的反意疑问句,两个并列句后面的反意疑问句一般与距离它最近的那个分句的主谓一致。,1.The
19、 man works hard and he is the best worker in his factory, _?A. does he B. doesnt he C. is he D. isnt he,D,2.He is also fond of action films and he likes thrills,_?A. does he B. doesnt he C. is he D. isnt he,B,考点四：否定句后面的反意疑问句,前面的陈述部分有半否定词hardly, rarely, scarcely, few, little, seldom等时，反意疑问句用肯定形式。陈述部分
20、虽有否定前（后）缀词，(如dis-, in-, un-, -less)反意问句仍要用否定形式。,例1.He had little idea that it was getting so serious, _? A. didnt he B. did he C. wasnt it D. was it,例2. He is unkind to his classmates, _? A. does he B. doesnt he C. is he D. isnt he,B,D,She seldom goes to the cinema, ? Few people know him, ?Bob rarel
21、y got drunk, ? This meeting is unimportant, ? Your mother dislikes seeing you with me, ? He is unfamiliar with this type of computer, ?,does she,do they,did he,isnt it,doesnt she,isnt he,考点五：祈使句后面的反意疑问句,1. Lets 开头， 反意问句用shall we, Let us 开头，反意问句用will you.2. 其他形式的肯定祈使句后，一般用will you.,例1. Lily, help me
22、put up the picture on the wall, _? A. will you B. dont you C. are you D. didnt you,例2.Lets go skating, _? A. didnt you B. dont you C. will you D. shall we,A,D, Dont go there, _? Give me some cigarettes, _?Lets go now, _?Let us go shopping, _?,will you,shall we,will you,will you,考点六：情态动词后面的反意疑问句,当陈述部
23、分含有情态动词must, may, cant, 且表示推测时，反意疑问部分不能用must, may, cant自身，应和后面的实义动词保持一致；, must/ may/ cant + do 表示对现在情况的推测，反意疑问部分用一般现在时。如：He must be Mr. Chen, ? (相当于：I think he is Mr. Chen.) He cant be Mr. Chen, ? （相当于I dont think he is Mr. Chen.） He must be very tired, ? (相当于：I believe he is very tired.) Your mothe
24、r may be at home, ? (相当于：Maybe your mother is at home.),isnt,is he,isnt he,isnt she, must/ may/ cant + have done +过去时间状语，表示对过去情况的推测，反意疑问部分常用一般过去时。如：He must have stayed at home yesterday, ?(相当于: I think he stayed at home yesterday.)You must have seen the film last week, ?(相当于：I think you saw the film
25、 last week.)It cant have snowed last week, ?(相当于：I dont think it snowed last week.)He may have gone home last night, ?(相当于：Maybe he went home last night.),didnt he,didnt you,did it,didnt he, must/ may/ cant + have done , 表示对现在已完成动作的推测，反意疑问部分常用现在完成时。如：You must have met him before, ?（相当于：I think you h
26、ave met him before.）You may have been to Tibet, ?(相当于：Maybe you have been to Tibet.)He cant have known the news, ?(相当于：I dont think he has known the news.)You must have waited for a long time, ?（相当于：I think you have waited for a long time.）,havent you,havent you,has he,havent you,当陈述部分含有情态动词need, da
27、re时，反意疑问部分有两种形式：作情态动词时保留自身； 作实义动词时反意疑问句应借助do/does/did来完成。如：You neednt go there, ?你不必去那里，是吗？（情态动词）He needs to start at once, ?他需要立刻出发，是吗？（实义动词）She dare not go out alone at night, ?她晚上不敢一人出去，是吗？（情态动词）We need to come earlier, ?我们需要早点来，是吗？,need you,doesnt he,dare she,dont we,当陈述部分含有情态动词ought to时，反意疑问部分常
28、用oughtnt (有时也可用shouldnt.)如：The child ought to be punished, oughtnt he?这个小孩应当受到惩罚，是吗？You oughtnt to criticize her, ought you?你不应该批评她，是吗？,考点七：have后面的反意疑问句,1. Have 表示“有”时，后面的反意疑问句可用have 或do的适当形式。,He has no brother, _ ?,has he/does he,Tom had a second hand car two years ago, _?,hadnt he/didnt he,You hav
29、e a dictionary in your book, _?,havent you/dont you,2. have表“让、吃、患”等意思时，后面的反意问句的谓语用do的适当形式。,3.have to 表“不得不”时，后面的反意问句的谓语有用do的适当形式。,4. have +done构成完成时，后面的反意问句的谓语要用have 的适当形式。,并列句,一、转折关系 常用的连词有 but( 但是，可是，只是因为 ), while( 而、却 ), yet( 可是 ) 等。 如： I like tea while she likes coffee. 我喜欢喝茶而她喜欢喝咖啡。 She said s
30、he would be late, yet she arrived on time. 她说她会迟到，但她却准时到达了。 She looks very young, but she is already in her 30s. 她看上去很年轻 , 可是她已三十多岁了。 Although she felt ill, she still went to work. 她虽然感觉不舒服，但她仍然去上班。,此外，还有副词 still( 仍然）， however( 然而 ) 也表示转折关系。 He is good-natured; still I dont like him. 他脾气很好 , 可是我还是不喜
31、欢他。 The book is expensive; however, its worth it. 这本书很贵；却很值。 注意： but, while 不与 although 连用，但 yet, still 可与 although 连用。,二、选择关系 常用的连词有 or( 或者，否则 ), otherwise( 否则 ), or else( 否则 ), either.or( 不是就是 ) 。如： Hurry up, or (else) youll be late. 快点，否则就会迟到了。 Will he still be there or will he have gone away? 你那
32、时还在那里还是可能已经走了？ You must go early, otherwise you will miss the bus. 你好得早点走，否则就赶不上公共汽车了。 Either Tom is coming or his sisters are. 不是汤姆就是她的姐妹们要来。,三、联合关系 常用的连词有 and( 同，和 ), when(=and just at this time 就在这时，然后 ), not onlybut (also)( 不仅而且 ), neithernor （既不也不）等。如： He helps me and I help him. 他帮我，我帮他。 He no
33、t only gave us a lot of advice, but also helped us to study English. 他不仅给我们出很多建议并且还帮助我学英语。I was just leaving when the telephone rang. 我正要离开，电话铃响了。 注： when 作这种用法时，主要用于 was/were doing sth. when sth./sb. did; was/were about to do sth. when sth./sb. did; was/were on the point of doing sth. when sth./sb. did 等句型中，表示“当某人或某物正在或正要做某事，就在这时突然又发生了另一事”。,四、因果关系常用的连词有 for （因为）和 so （所以，因此）等。如： I am thirsty, for it is hot. 我口渴，因为天气太热。 The manager was ill so I went in her place. 经理病了所以我代她去。 注意： so 不与 because 连用,
