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1、英汉谓语对比,英语名词作动词充当谓语They eyed me with suspicion. The child wolfed down the food the moment he grabbed it.The case snowballed into one of the most famous trials in USA history.,一些动物名词经常可以具有动词的用法： 1. dog：跟踪，尾随 2monkey：耍弄，乱搞 3snake：蜿蜒而行；拖拉(地上某物) 4wolf：狼吞虎咽 5fish：取出(某物)；捕捞 6. crane：伸长脖子看 7. ape：模仿，仿效,8bad
2、ger(獾)：纠缠，缠住 9pig：(在肮脏处)挤、睡在一块儿 10chicken：退缩，害怕 11parrot：鹦鹉学舌般地复述 12beetle：(像甲虫一样)匆忙行走 13bug：暗设窃听器；烦恼，折磨 14worm：(虫一般)慢慢爬行；慢慢钻营 15fox：行骗,此外还有: 16.water：浇水，灌溉 17.to power 为.提供动力 18. to empower 为.授与权力 19 .to site 为.提供场所 20.to situate 位于; 处于 21.to package 给.打包装箱(美语) 22.to pack 给.包装 23.to loan 贷款 24.to l
3、end 出借;出租 25.to decision 根据积分评定 26.to decide 决定;判决,英语形容词做动词充当谓语,例句：Dont dirty your clothes.The fire soon warmed the room.英语中形容词直接转化为动词的数量不多，大多数形容词要加前缀或后缀构成动词，比如 wide- widen,large-enlarge.,汉语形容词活用为动词,形容词如果带上宾语，就活用为动词了。如： （1）天下苦秦久矣。吾闻二世少子也，不当立，当立者乃公子扶苏。（陈涉） （2）大王必欲急臣，臣头今与璧俱碎于柱矣；（廉颇）,英语含使役意义的动词做谓语,例句：T
4、hey made Joe stand agains the wall.They ran the car down.They sat the baby on the chair.If you are naughty, you will be stood in the corner.,英语静化谓语,He is a good performer.He is a poor liar.He is a bad writer.To my satisfaction, I passed TEM8 once for all.My admiration for him grew more.,英语同源宾语,英语中有少
5、数动词（如：live, die, sleep, dream, breathe, smile, laugh, fight, run等）可用于“动词 + a + 形容词 + 动词的同源名词”中，构成同源宾语结构。例句 My grandmother lives a happy life in the countryside.我的祖母在乡下过着幸福的生活。My mother smiled a happy smile when I passed the entrance examination.当我通过了入学考试时，我妈妈幸福地笑了。,阅读下面的短文，找出并翻译同源宾语结构。 In the past,
6、most people lived a hard life. The brave people fought a good fight, and finally they could laugh a merry laugh. Unfortunately many people died a heroic death but now almost everyone can live a happy life. Every day they can sing a beautiful song and smile a sunny smile. At night they can sleep a so
7、und sleep and dream a sweet dream.,Key,live a hard life 过着艰苦的生活fight a good fight 打了一场漂亮的仗laugh a merry laugh 开心一笑die a heroic death 英勇就义live a happy life 过着幸福的生活sing a beautiful song 唱着动听的歌smile a sunny smile 粲然一笑 sleep a sound sleep 酣睡dream a sweet dream 做一个美梦,英语中特殊的动宾搭配,Smile ones agreement/appro
8、val/ thanks /gratitude Bow ones gratitude /thanks/ respectNod ones acceptanceShout ones disapproval/ complaint/ protest/ opposition/ despair/ despite/ alarm,汉语把字结构的翻译,汉语的“把”字句只能用于主动句，在结构上将宾语提前，突出宾语。根据 “把”字的意义和作用，“把”字句可以有以下几种类型的结构。一、含有“处置”意思的“把”字句的翻译技巧使用to have something done句型. 如：1）如果这只狗不规矩，我就把它关在笼子
9、里。If the dog wont behave itself, Ill have it locked in the cage.2）你最好在下周二以前把我的手表修好。You had better have my watch fixed by next Tuesday.,表示“处置”的“把”字句还可以采用英语中“动词宾语状语”的结构来译。 如：3）她把考卷揉成一团，塞在书包里。She crumpled the papers into a ball and then threw it into her schoolbag.将“把字句”转变成正常语序，使用“动词宾语”的结构。如：4）他又把她的饼干抓
10、走四块，还偷偷向她瞄了一眼。He gave her a surreptitious look as he took four more of her cookies.,二、带有双宾语的“把”字句的翻译技巧,此类结构的“把”字句通常要还原成“动词间接宾语直接宾语”或是“动词直接宾语to间接宾语”的结构，后者多半是因为间接宾语前面有修饰成分（通常是定语）。如：1）他动身去英国前，给英国的一位朋友拍了封电报，把自己到达的时间告诉了她。Before he left for the UK, he sent a telegram to a friend there, telling her the tim
11、e of his arrival.2）请把锤子递给我。Please pass me the hammer.,三、含有“致使”意义的“把”字句的翻译技巧这种类型的“把”字句后面通常接“累”、“忙”、 “急”、“吓”、“气”、 “热”、“感动”等动词，在翻译时通常被转化成英语中含有“指使”意义的动词。如：1）光线太亮，看书会把眼睛累坏的。It may strain your eyes to read in such right light.2）你开的玩笑不要紧，可把他吓坏了。Apparently, you were cracking a harmless joke, but he was terr
12、ibly frightened.,四、表示“把甲当乙”的“把”字句的翻译技巧这种类型的“把”字句翻译的时候通常采用英语的“动词宾语AS短语”句型。如：1）我一直把她当作知己。I always regard her as my bosom friend.2）我们把她们当作贵宾来款待。We treated them as distinguished guests.,五、含有“把一+动词”的“把”字句的翻译技巧翻译的时 “把”和“一”通常被省去，而将名词和动词变成动宾结构。如：1）这小男孩把头一昂，走了。The little boy tossed his head and went away.2）李
13、逵把板斧一挥，冲了出来。Wielding a pair of hatchets, Li Kui rushed in.,六、含祈使意味的“把”字句的翻译技巧当“把”字位于无主句的句首时，翻译时一般转化成英语祈使句。如：1）把房间收拾一下。Tidy up the room.2）把精华和糟粕分开。Separate the essence from the dross.,七、表示不愉快事情发生的“把”字句的翻译技巧“把”字在句中有时候表示某些不愉快的事情的发生，这时“把”字可以不作翻译。如：1）正在这节骨眼上偏偏把老王累病了。Of all people Lao Wang fell sick at th
14、is juncture.2）正需要打字员，偏偏把个打字员度假去了了。Badly in need, the very typist went traveling.,八、表示动作场所和范围的“把”字句的翻译技巧“把”字后面有时也可以接动作的场所和范围，在英译时“把”字可以不译。如：1）她去年把整个上海逛遍了。She paid a visit to almost everywhere of Shanghai city last year.2）把里里外外再搜一遍。,九、将“把”字句翻译成英语被动句汉语的“把”字句可以根据英语表达习惯转成被动句。如：1）昨天风把小树刮倒了。The little tree
15、 was blown down by the wind yesterday.2）把这些物资尽快送到地震灾区是非常紧急的任务。It is a matter of great urgency that the supplies should be dispatched to the earthquake-stricken area as soon as possible.,十、根据英语习惯灵活处理“把”字句的翻译技巧1）我们已经把日本侵略者打败了。We have defeated the Japanese invaders.,形式宾语的使用,一、基本用法 当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作宾语且
16、其后跟有宾语补足语时，通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语移至句末，其基本结构为“动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式(动名词或从句)”：I find it difficult to do the job well. 我发现做好这件事不容易。I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿。We think it no use complaining. 我们认为抱怨是没有用的。,通常意义的形式宾语主要见于真正宾语为不定式、动名词、从句等且其后跟有宾语补足语时的情形，即用于“动词+it+宾语补足语+真正的宾语”这样的结构，但以下几
17、类形式宾语却比较特殊，其后没有宾语补足语。 1. 动词+ it + that-从句I like it that you came. 你来了，我很高兴。I take it (that) he will come on time. 我认为他会准时来的。You can put it that it was arranged before. 你可以说这是以前安排的。Rumor has it that the defence minister will soon resign. 据传闻，国防部长不久就要辞职。,2. 动词 + it + when (if)-从句I dislike it when you
18、whistle. 我不爱听你吹口哨。We really appreciate it when she offered to help. 她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。Id prefer it if I didnt have to do so much work. 要是我不必做那么多工作，好就太好了。【注】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有 enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, appreciate, prefer 等。,3. 动词 + prep + it + that-从句See to it that youre not late again. 注意千万不要再迟到。Lo
19、ok to it that this doesnt happen again. 注意不要再发生这种事。I cant answer for it that he will come. 我不能保证他会来。You may rely on it that hell come to meet you. 你放心，他会来接你的。【注】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有see to, look to, insist on, stick to, depend on, answer for 等。,4. 动词 + it + 介词短语+ that-从句I owe it to you that I am still alive. 多亏有你我才仍然活着。I took it for granted that he would help us. 我认为他会帮助我们的。【注】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有take it for granted, bring it to sbs attention, owe it to sb 等。,
