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1、八年级上册语法复习,1、一般过去时态2、现在完成时态3、过去进行时态4、反意疑问句5、动词不定式,课时：3个标准课,一般过去时,规则动词过去式的构成规则,用法,各种句式结构,时间状语,要求：四人小组分工合作完成！,行为动词的一般过去时,过去式的构成规则,“直”,一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed. 如：wantwanted,“去”,以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去掉e再加-ed.如：hopehoped,“双”,重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed.如：stopstopped,“改”,以辅音字母+y结尾的动词改y为i，再加-ed.如：studystudied,注意：不规则动词变化，要逐一
2、熟记。,2实义动词过去式的句式。肯定式：主语+动词过去式+其它。如：They had a good time yesterday. 否定式：主语+did not（didnt）+动词原形+其它。 如：They didnt watch TV last night. 一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它？ 肯定回答：Yes，主语+did. 否定回答：No，主语+didnt.如：Did they have a meeting two days ago？ Yes，they did. / No，they didnt. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它？ 如：What time di
3、d you finish your homework？,3一般过去时的用法：a.主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或状态。My father worked in Shanghai last year.b.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常与often，always等 表示频度的时间状语连用。I often went to school on foot.c.与when等连词引导的状语从句连用。When he got home，he had a short rest.4一般过去时的时间状语：a moment ago（刚才），yesterday morning，last night/ week，the d
4、ay before yesterday（前天），just now（刚才），in 2006, three days ago等,用所给动词的正确形式填空 1. I _ ( go) to school yesterday. 2. She_ ( play ) football last week. 3. Look! Jack _ ( sing ) now. 4.You_(read)the new paper the day before yesterday. 5. I _ ( see ) Jack in the zoo last weekend. 6. I _ (do) my homework las
5、t night 7.She _(open)the mailbox the day after tomorrow. 8. I _ ( help ) the little baby drink the milk the next morning. 9. The farmers _ (work) on the farm next week. 10. My parents_ ( watch) TV last Monday.,went,played,is singing,read,saw,did,will open,will help,will work,watched,句型转换1. I went to
6、 the party last Friday. （改为一般疑问句）_ you _ to the party last Friday?2. I had a nice time last Sunday. （改为一般疑问句）_ you _ nice time last Sunday?3. We went to London two years ago. （对划线部分提问）_ _ you_ to London?4. He did his homework in the morning. （改为否定句）He_ _ his homework in the morning.,Did,go,Did,have,
7、When,did,go,didnt,do,现在完成时,规则动词过去分词的构成规则,用法,各种句式结构,时间标志词,谓语构成,要求：六人小组合作完成,谓语构成：,助动词have / has +动词的过去分词,用法,（1）表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果， 常与already (已经), ever (曾经),yet ,just (刚刚), before (以前) 等词连用。,（2）表示过去发生的动作持续到了现在， 常与for或since引导的时间状语连用。,标志词,（1）just，never， ever， already， yet等,（2）for 一段时间；since点时间或 引导时间状语
8、从句（一 般多为过去时）,（3）so far(到目前为止)；in the past/last表示一段时间的词语,现在完成时态,现在完成时态,各种句式结构,肯定式：,主语+have/has+过去分词+其他,否定式：,主语+havent/hasnt+过去分词+其他,一般疑问句：,Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他？,特殊疑问句：,疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+其他？,I have lived here for ten years.,Lucy has lived here since 2001.,They havent had breakfast yet.,Have you ever
9、 been to Beijing?,How long has he lived here?,1、see 2、hear 3、study 4、stop 5、write 6、teach7、catch 8、go 9、play 10、live11、make 12、forget,写出下列动词的过去分词形式:,seen,heard,studied,stopped,written,taught,caught,gone,played,lived,made,forgotten,(一)考查现在完成时的一般用法 ( )1Kitty, will you go to see the film Cold Mountain
10、this evening? No，I wontI_it already Asaw Bhave seen Csee Dwill see ( )2.Gone with the Wind is a wellknown novelShe_ it twice Aread Bis reading Creads Dhas read ( )3How long_ you_ here? For about two years so far A. have; studied B. did; live C. do; stay D. have changed,A,B,D,（二）考查非延续性动词与一段时间连用的表达方式(
11、 )1OhMrsking, your dress looks nice Is it new?No，I_ it since two years ago. Ahad Bhave had Cbought Dhave bought( )2Jeff borrowed a history book from his friendHe_it for a weekAhas borrowed B.has lent C.has kept Dlend( )3.The students are sorry to hear that the famous singer_for half an hour Ahas lef
12、t Bhas gone C. has been away D. has gone away,B,C,C,(三)考查havehas been to，havehas gone to与havehas been in的区别( )1Wheres your father?He_ ShanghaiHell be back next week Ahas gone to Bhas been to Chave gone to Dhave been to( )2Where is David? He_to England on business Ais going Bhas gone Chas been Dgoes
13、( )3._ you ever_ to the United States? -Yes, twiceAHave; gone BHave; been CDo；go DWere; going,A,B,B,(四)考查for与since接时间状语时的区别( )1What a nice dog! How long have you had it?-_two years AFor BSince C. In( )2Miss Gao has taught in this school_ 1993A. for Bat Cin Dsince (五)考查现在完成时与一般过去时的区别( )1-He has alrea
14、dy gone to England -When_ he_ there? Awill; go Bis; going Cdid; go Dhas; gone( )2Have you read this book?yes, I_it two weeks ago.Aam reading Bhave read Cwill read Dread,A,D,C,D,(六)现在完成时在特定语境下的使用( )1Helen，I told you to do your home-work as carefully as you can?Yes，but Ifewer mistakes than I usually d
15、oAwas making Bhave made Cwill make Dhad made( )2Has the match started? Started? Finished！Guo Yue_Ais winning Bwins Cwill win Dhas won( )3. Xiao Wang_ English for thirteen years. So he can speak quite good English.A. had learned B. has learned C. will be learning D. learns,B,D,B,( )4. The film_for ha
16、lf an hour. A. has begun B. has been begun C. has been on D. began ( )5. You dont have to describe her. I_her several times. A. had met B. have met C. meet D. met ( )6. Miss Yang is not at home. She_to the school library. A. went B. has been C. goes D. has gone ( )7. He has never visited the Great H
17、all of the People._? A. hasnt he B. has he C. does he D. doesnt he,B,C,D,B,过去进行时,现在分词V-ing构成规则,用法,各种句式结构,时间状语,谓语构成,六人小组合作完成：,过去进行时:,谓语构成:,was/were+ 现在分词V-ing,用法：,表示在过去的某一时间正在进行的动作或存在的状态,时间状语：,at this time yesterday（昨天这个时候）at that time last week（上周那个时候）at nine yesterday evening（昨晚九点时）from seven to te
18、n last night（昨晚从七点到十点）等，when或while引导时间状语从句的主、从复合句。,I was reading a newspaper when he came in 他进来时，我正在看报。 While I was walking home, I met Mr Green. 我步行回家时遇到了格林先生. My father was reading a newspaper while my mother was cooking. 妈妈做饭时爸爸在看报。注：while 引导时间状语从句的主、从复合句，两个过去进行时并用，表示动作同时发生。,过去进行时:,各种句式结构,肯定式：,否
19、定式：,He was sleeping when she arrived. 她到达时他正在睡觉。,They werent planting trees at nine yesterday . 昨天早上九点他们不在植树。,一般疑问句：,WasWere+主语+v-ing +其它?,主语+was/ were +v-ing +其它,主语+ waswere not +v- ing+其它,Was he playing football when you rang me?你打电话给我时他正在踢足球吗?,特殊疑问句:,疑问词+waswere+主语+v -ing +其它?,What was Peter doin
20、g at this time last week?上周这个时候彼特在于什么?,用was/were填空:,1、I listening to the music.2、She playing the piano.3、They looking at the flowers.4、We having a picnic.5、Lingling watching TV.6、Two boys reading book.7、Your uncle and auntvisiting the Great Wall.8、Everyonehaving lunch.9、People working on the farm.10
21、、Some women singing pop music.,was,was,was,was,were,were,were,were,were,were,用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.You_ (have) a meeting at 9 last Monday morning2.They_ (play)football when I passed3.She_ (take)a walk when we had a talk4._they _ (try)to draw horses on the blackboard when the teacher came in?5. The students
22、 _ (1isten)to the teacher carefully while he was teaching 。,were having,were playing,was taking,Were,trying,were listening,反意疑问句,意义,概念,回答,规律,构成,当我们陈述一个事实，而又不是很有把握，就可以在陈述句后加 一 个简短问句，称为反意疑问句。, , 对吧/是吧?,陈述句+简短问句助动词/系动词be/情态动词+主语（代词）,陈述句是肯定的，简短问句用否定形式；而陈述句是否定的，简短问句就用肯定形式；（前肯后否，前否后肯）,按事实回答,反意疑问句语法归纳:,一、祈
23、使句用于反意疑问句中 这种类型较特殊，前一部分是祈使句，后一部分是肯定疑问形式。,句型1:Lets+动词原形+其它，shallwe? 例：Letsgoforawalk, shall we? 而 Let us go for a walk, will you?,句型2:其它形式的祈使句，willyou? Comeintotheclassroom,willyou? Pleasebecareful,willyou? Dont panic,will you?,二、含be(is,are,was,were)动词的反意疑问句，需用be的适当形式.YouarefromAmerica,arentyou?Yes,I
24、am.No,Imnot.TheGreenwerentathomelastnight,werethey?Yes,theywere.No,theywerent.注意：陈述部分主、谓语是Iam.时，反意疑问句用arentI或aintI,而不是amnotI(可用amInot)。例如：Imworkingnow,arentI?我在工作，是吗？,二、行为动词的一般现在时的反意疑问句,需用do/does的适当形式。YouoftenwatchTVintheevening,dontyou? Yes,Ido.No,Idont.Thefirstclassbeginsateight,doesntit? Yes,itdo
25、es.No,itdoesnt.三、行为动词的一般过去时的反意疑问句，需用did的是适当形式。Therainstopped,didntit? Yes,itdid.No,itdidnt.JimsparentsdidntgotoHongKonglastmonth,didthey? Yes,theydid.No,theydidnt.四、一般将来时的反意疑问句，需用will的适当形式。Theboyswillplaygames,wontthey? Yes,theywill.No,theywont.Itwontstopraining,willit? Yes,itwill.No,itwont.五、现在完成时的
26、反意疑问句，需用have、has的适当形式。YouhavebeentoShanghaibefore,haventyou?YesIhave.No,Ihavent.Jackhasntdonehishomework,hashe? Yes,hehas.No,hehasnt.,六、陈述部分的主语是everything,nothing,anything或something时，反意疑问句的主语应用代词it。 例如：Somethingiswrongwithmyradio,isntit?我的收音机出毛病了，是吧？七、陈述部分的主语是everybody,everyone,anybody,anyone,somebo
27、dy,someone,nobody,noone,none,neither时,其反意疑问句的主语需用复数代词they。例如：Everyoneishere,arentthey?大家都到了，是吗？ Nooneknowsaboutit,dothey?没有人知道这件事，对吗？八、陈述部分的主语是指示代词this或that时，反意疑问句的主语用it，当陈述部分的主语是指示代词these或those时，其反意疑问句的主语用they。例如：Thisisaplane,isntit?这是一架飞机，是吗？ Thesearegrapes，arentthey?这些是葡萄，是吗？,九、注意：Therebe句型 1Ther
28、eisanoldpictureonthewall,isntthere? 2. Therearent anychildrenintheroom,are there?3.Therewasntatelephonecallforme,wasthere?4Therewereenoughpeopletopickapples, werentthere?5Therewillbeabasketballmatchtomorrow, wont there?,值得注意的是有时英语的谓语动词并不用否定式（即没加上not），而是用上了“never,little,few,hardly,nothing,nobody”等表否定
29、意义的词，后半部分应用肯定疑问式。YouhaveneverbeentoBeijing,haveyou?Mr.Fathasfewfriendshere,doeshe?Thereislittlemilkinthebottle,isthere? Hecoulddonothing,could he?,完成下列反意疑问句： 1. Mary listened to pop music,_ _?2. He has never been to Shanghai_ _?3.He has few friends at school,_ _?4.The music sounds beautiful,_ _?5.Yo
30、u cant dance to jazz,_ _?6.They werent at the concert,_ _?7.Lets stop writing,_ _?8.Dont be late,_ _?,didnt she,has he,does he,doesnt it,can you,were there,shall we,will you,动词不定式动词不定式是初中英语的语法重点之一，也是每年中考英语试题的考点之一。它是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子的谓语。其构成形式为to+动词原形，to为动词不定式的符号，本身无意义。动词不定式具有两大特点： 1.具有动词的特
31、点，因此，后面可以跟表语、宾语或状语，构成动词不定式短语。2.具有名词、形容词或副词的特点，可以在句子中用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语及同位语等。,一、动词不定式作主语( )1. Its hard for us _English well.A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning( )2. Its very nice _ you to get me two tickets _ the World Cup.A. for， of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to简析动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的
32、主语位置，也可以用先行词it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有：(1)It is +形容词(of sb)to do sth.(2)It is +形容词(for sb)to do sth.(3)It takes sb some time to do sth.(4)It is +名词短语(for sb)to do sth.,C,D,句式(1)中常用nice， kind， clever， good， right， wrong， foolish， careless等形容词，与介词of搭配，这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质；句式(2)中常用hard， difficult
33、， easy， important等形容词，与介词for搭配，表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。,二、动词不定式作宾语( )1. He wants _ some vegetables.A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys( )2. Dont forget _ your homework with you when you come to school.to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking( )3. He found it very difficult _.A. sleeping B. sleeps C. slept
34、D. to fall asleep 简析在want， like， agree， hope， wish， learn， begin， start， decide， hate， choose， forget， remember等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语时，则可以用it作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面。,C,A,D,三、动词不定式作宾语补足语( )1. Robert often asks us _ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.help him B. to help him with
35、 C. to help with D. helps him with( )2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends _ Chinese food.A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked简析不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask， teach， expect， tell， allow 等。,B,C,四、动词不定式作状语( )1. She went _ her teacher.A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing( )2. Meimei likes E
36、nglish very much. She does her best _ English well.A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns简析go， come， try， do / try ones best等动词或短语动词作谓语时，其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语。,A,C,( )3. Im sorry _ that.A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear( )4. Im sorry _ you.A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled( )5. My
37、 mother was very glad _ her old friend.A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets简析be +形容词+ to do sth结构中的不定式作状语，常表示原因或方式。,C,B,A,五、动词不定式作定语( )1. Would you like something _? A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks( )2. I have a lot of homework _. A. do B. doing C. did D. to do( )3. He is not an easy man _.
38、 A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with简析不定式作定语时，常放在被修饰的词语之后，与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系；如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上必要的介词或副词，构成的短语动词相当于及物动词。,C,D,D,六、不带to的动词不定式( )1. We saw him _ the building and go upstairs. A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered( )2. So much work usually makes them _ very
39、tired. A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel( )3. Your father is sleeping. Youd better_. A. not wake up him B. not to wake up him C. not wake him up D. not to wake him up,B,D,C,简析1.在see， watch， hear， feel等感官动词和make， have， let等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带to. 2.在had better后面接不带to的不定式。,七、动词不定式的否定形式( )1. The old
40、 man told the child _ noisy. A. not be B. not to be C. to not be D. be not( )2. There is going to _ an important meeting tomorrow. Please try _ late. A. have， not to be B. have， not be C. be， not to be D. be， not be简析动词不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号to的前面加上not，如果是不带to的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上not.,B,C,八、某些动词后面接不定式和接动词-ing形
41、式的区别( )1. Please stop _ a rest if you feel tired. A. to have B. having C. have D. has( )2. Why didnt you buy some bread on your way home?Sorry, I forgot _ some money with me. A. take B. taking C. to take D. took( )3. Lets have a rest, shall we?Not now, I cant stop _ the letters. A. write B. to write
42、 C. writing D. and write4. Jim was badly hurt, so he had to stop _ (walk).,A,C,C,walking,双宾语用法要点此结构由主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）组成。如， He brings me cookies every day. She made me a beautiful dress.但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for,如， He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress fo
43、r me.用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。,常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, return, send, show, teach,等。（需借助for 的）buy, call, cook, choose, draw, get, make, sing,等。,带双宾语的及物动词,如果把直接宾语置于间接宾语之前,必须在变换时加“to”或“for”。这11个及物动词可以概括为下边两句话,读起来妙趣横生,效果很好。“七给” “一带”to不少,“买”“画
44、”“制作”for来了。,“七给”(give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand)和“带”(bring)8个及物动词,在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加上“to”。即“vt. + sth. + to + sb.” 如:He lent some money to me.,巧记带双宾语的动词,“buy”(买);“draw”(画);“make”(制作)三个动词,在直接宾语前置时,则必须在后边加“for”,构成“vt. + sth. + for + sb.”。如:Mother bought a new dress for me.,Exercises:1.Can you
45、explain _?A.this problem to me B.me this problemC.to me problem D.me problem2.He made a new dress_ his wife and gave it _ her on her birthday.A.to; for B.for; to C.for; for D.to; to,A,B,3.Mr. Smith apologized _ the lady _ what her son had done.A.to; to B.to; for C.for; to D.for; for4.Read the letter
46、 and _ him.A.pass it on to B.pass on it toC.pass it for D.pass it on,B,A,5.Which one is not right?_A.Will you do me a favour?B.Will you do a favour for me?C.Will you do a favour to me?D.Will you do me the favour to help me with my English? 6.The little boy wanted to have a book at his birthday prese
47、nt, but the cruel stepmother _ him his request.A.refused B.answered C.gave D.promised,C,A,待续,翻译：1.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。2.请把那本字典递给我好吗？3.我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。4.我替你叫辆出租车好吗？5.这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。6.他把车票给列车员看。,Grandma told me an interesting story last night.,Would you please pass me the dictionary.,My father has bought me a new bike.,Shall I call you a taxi?,This term I have written three letters to my parents.,He showed the ticket to the conductor.,
