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1、Experiencing English,Book Four,Unit 4 Language and Economy,Procedure,Lead-in ActivitiesDiscussionVideo-watching & Question-Answering Passage AWarm-up ActivityCultural NotesLanguage PointsDifficult sentencesSummaryFollow-up ActivityAssignment,Lead-in,Beijing is ready to welcome the world for the 2008
2、 Olympics. Some 6 million visitors are expected for this sports gala. But in Beijing , you can see some badly translated signs which may cause confusion. Have you ever found wrong translation in Beijing? If so, please exemplify it.,Lead-in,Now watch a video and answer the following questions:What ar
3、e two major problems concerning bad translation mentioned in the video?What measure does Beijing municipal government has taken to get rid of bad English?,Reference,1. to use Chinese phonetics spelling instead of English and sometimes Chinese spelling appears with English on the same sign; another p
4、roblem is restaurant menus. It pulls together a number of 35 experts from home and abroad. Later this year they will work out a set of guidelines for translation of public signs in Beijing .,A Stateless Language that Europe must Embrace,Passage A,Warm-up Activity,What language do you think acts as t
5、he international language? Why?Do you think it reasonable to set English as lingua franca (通用语言) in the European Union?,Culture Notes,A Bible story: The Tower of BabelNow the whole earth had one language and the same words. And as people migrated from the east, they found a plain in the land of Shin
6、ar and settled there. And they said to one another, Come, let us make bricks, and burn them thoroughly. And they had brick for stone, and bitumen (沥青) for mortar（灰泥）.,Culture Notes,Then they said, Come, let us build ourselves a city and a tower with its top in the heavens, and let us make a name for
7、 ourselves, lest we be dispersed over the face of the whole earth. And the Lord came down to see the city and the tower, which the children of man had built. And the Lord said, Behold, they are one people, and they have all one language, and this is only the beginning of what they will do.,Culture N
8、otes,And nothing that they propose to do will now be impossible for them. Come, let us go down and there confuse their language, so that they may not understand one anothers speech. So the Lord dispersed them from there over the face of all the earth, and they left off building the city. Therefore i
9、ts name was called Babel, because there the Lord confused the language of all the earth.,Culture Notes,And from there the Lord dispersed them over the face of all the earth. Genesis 11:1-9 in Old Testament,Culture Notes,The European Union: The European Union (EU), founded in 1993, is a union of fift
10、een independent states based on the European Communities and established to enhance political, economic and social cooperation between the member states.,Culture Notes,The member states are: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portuga
11、l, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.,Culture Notes,European Union (EU),15 member states,Culture Notes,Culture Notes,EURO,While-reading,Text Analysis,Paragraph 1: Present the authors view English should be accepted as Europe lingua franca.,Text Analysis,Paragraph 2-
12、3： Challenge the EUs language policy linguistic equality / multilingualismillusions.,Text Analysis,Paragraph 4-9： Elaborate the reasons why the use of English as lingua franca is a more appropriate choice.,Text Analysis,Paragraph 10: Conclusion English as lingua franca in Europe is necessary.,Langua
13、ge Points,superior (to sb / sth): a. better than someone or something else in quality or skillThese matters are left to someone superior to you.This engine is superior in every respect to that.,Language Points,in the name of: 1) for the sake of; 2) on behalf of; 3) by the authority of sthThey carrie
14、d out reforms in the name of efficiency.He speaks in the name of the Chinese Communist Party.,Language Points,count: v. be of value or importanceThe first trial wont count.His opinion counts because of his experience.,Language Points,set sb/sth apart (from sb/sth):make sb/sth different from or super
15、ior to othersOne day of the week should be set apart for relaxation.The teacher set the fighting boys apart from each other.,Language Points,to a large extent: to a large degreeThese policies are to a large extent responsible for the regions economic decline?These changes will affect all managers an
16、d to a large extent some shop-floor workers.,Language Points,invalidate: v. make something invalidThe theory was invalidated by later findings.Nothing has happened to invalidate that analysis.invalidation n.,Language Points,otherwise: ad. if not, or elseI think it will rain this afternoon, but my br
17、other thinks otherwise.He reminded me of what I should otherwise have forgotten.,Difficult Sentences,The language policy in the European Union is both ineffective and hypocritical, The language policy in the EU is inefficient and unrealistic. That is to say, making all the languages equal and keepin
18、g different languages in an equal state in EU is costly if not impossible.,Difficult Sentences,Powerful translators lobbies fight for their raison detre. The translators want to translate a variety of languages to make a living.raison detre: reason for sb.s existence,Difficult Sentences,In the name
19、of the high ideal of linguistic equality a time-consuming, expensive and increasingly intractable translation machinery is maintained that is doing its best to translate the illusion of equality into illusions of multilingualism and translatability.,Difficult Sentences,For keeping the cumbersome ill
20、usion of making all the languages equal, some huge translation machinery is maintained to translate the various languages, which costs a lot of time and money.,Difficult Sentences,English in no longer “owned” by its native speakers because acculturation and nativisation processes have produced a rem
21、arkable diversification of the English language into many non-native varieties.,Difficult Sentences,English is no longer only spoken by its native speakers because cultural exchange has brought about a variety of English spoken by non-native speakers of different mother tongues.,Summary,The European
22、 Union decides to adopt a multi-approach in its organizations, therefore requiring all of its documents to be translated into each of the official language of the EU. While this is a costly and somewhat inefficient system, it does allow the EU to present an image of linguistic equality, which is sym
23、bolic of wider equality between its member states.,Summary,In this article, the author severely challenges the EUs language policy, by presenting the reasons why English would be a more appropriate choice as Europes lingua franca. He states that English is suitable due to its flexibility, its wide u
24、sage and its diversity.,Summary,The author argues the common fears that a widespread use of English in EU member states will challenge other European languages, or destroy the identities of these languages altogether. He also addresses the concern that English carries a cultural identity,Summary,whi
25、ch will be used as a form of cultural domination over non-native speaking countries. The author concludes that English has great potential for uniting the people of Europe, promoting mutual understanding and could in fact strengthen their own national identities at the same time.,Follow-up Activitie
26、s,What role will English play in China? What would be the status of English in China? Do you think English should be studied/taken as a foreign language or as a second language in China?,Assignment,Work with a peer and take turns to start the conversation based on Task 1,Passage B Could “Japanglish”
27、 Be a Legitimate Language?,Procedure,Warm-up ActivityCultural NotesLanguage PointsDifficult sentencesSummaryFollow-up ActivityAssignment,Warm-up Activity,Discussion: Do you think Chinese English should be accepted as a variety of English? Why or why not?,Culture Notes,Prime MinisterKeizo Obuchi: He
28、took office July30, 1998, asJapanese 84th PrimeMinister. On April 2,2000, he suffered astroke and lapsed ina coma and died onMay 14, 2000.,Culture Notes,JunichiroKoizumi: A Japanesepolitician. He was sworn in as the countrys 87th Prime Minister in April 2001,Culture Notes,after he was electedpreside
29、nt of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party.,Culture Notes,Daily YomiuriOne of the most famous Japanese newspapers.,Paragraph 1-4: the controversy over the status of Japanglis.Paragraph 5-12: Mr. Childs positionJapanglish is acceptable.,Text Analysis,Paragraph 13-16: Mr. Websters opposing view.Paragra
30、ph 17-19: The status of Japanglish will be a continuing concern.,Text Analysis,Language Points,claim: n.1) right to sth2) statement of sth as a factThe victory claims on the part of the aggressors were mere propaganda.His claim to know the answer was not believed.,Language Points,shame sb into / out
31、 of doing sth: v. cause sb to do / not to do sth by making him feel shameHis wife shamed him into handing the money back.He was shamed out of his bad habits.,Language Points,sign up for: v. enroll on a courseI have signed up for an evening class.Over half the people who signed up for the police forc
32、e were women.,Language Points,set back: v. 1) delay or hinder 2) costThe Culture Revolution set back the modernization of China by many years. The new laptop from Toshiba will set you back a cool $30000.,Language Points,sheer: a. complete; thorough; utterIt was sheer bliss not having to get up.What
33、he said is sheer nonsense.,Language Points,draw up: v. write out sth (a plan/ a contract / a check)They drew up a list of candidates.Mr. Smiths secretary hasnt yet drawn up vacation plan.,Difficult Sentences,We wish all the time to be able to provide you fresh bread . This is an example of Japanese
34、English, meaning that we hope that we will always be able to provide you with fresh bread and help you enjoy your dinner with our fresh bread. Mostly, we want our bread to be your main food for dinner.,Difficult Sentences,Japanese English has as much claim to legitimacy as the English spoken in, for
35、 example, India, Jamaica and the Philippines. Japanese English is as legitimate as Indian, Jamaican and Philippine English.,Difficult Sentences,The result is a waker-upper for those who expected standard syntax, but the meaning is usually perfectly comprehensible. The result is a great surprise for
36、those who expect standard English, but the meaning of Japanese English is usually completely understandable.,Difficult Sentences,The experience set her back several years and several million yen. The experience of learning pronunciation from the very beginning took her several years and cost her sev
37、eral million yen.,Difficult Sentences,People in Asia and the Caribbean who speak those other kinds of English People in Asia and the Caribbean who speak the kinds of English to which Mr. Childs compares Japanese English can talk fluently in them with each other and with foreigners.,Difficult Sentenc
38、es,The idea, which would oblige the government, local councils and other official bodies to .,Difficult Sentences,The idea, which would force the government, local councils and other official bodies to use both Japanese and English in drawing up documents is thought to be a concession to western ero
39、sion of Japanese culture and has been criticized by some people.,The article explore the status that should b e assigned to “Japanese English”. It presents the controversial position of Marshall Childs, an American academic in Japan, who believes that Japanese English should be accepted as one of ma
40、ny varieties o f English. He argues that Japanese English should be encouraged.,Summary,Other scholars present the opposing viewpoints and argue that Japanese English is not a high enough standard since it does not allow for ease of communication with foreigners in business and diplomacy, nor can Ja
41、panese students understand foreign literature or films.,Summary,The status of Japanese English will be a continuing concern due to calls to raise English proficiency in schools and in the workforce and to perhaps make English the second official language of Japan.,Summary,Follow-up Activity,Discussion: Do you think Chinese English should be accepted as one of the many varieties of English? Why or why not?,Assignment,Speech Preparation on the topic of “Problems of English Education in China and Possible Resolution”.,
