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1、武汉理工大学电路CAA课程设计说明书目 录1 Pspice简介22 单管放大电路理论分析 32.1 单管放大电路原理图32.2 单管放大电路原理分析42.2.1 静态工作点分析42.2.2 动态性能的分析43 程序运行结果及图表分析和总结 53.1 数据 53.1.1 静态工作点分析53.1.2 时域分析 103.1.3 交流扫描 153.2 数据2 183.2.1 静态工作点分析 193.2.2 时域分析 243.2.3 交流扫描 283.3 数据3333.3.1 静态工作点分析 333.3.2 时域分析 383.3.3 交流扫描 424 课程设计心得体会475 参考文献49电路CAA课程设
2、计基于PSpice的单管放大电路的静态工作点及交流扫描分析1 Pspice 简介用于模拟电路仿真的SPICE（Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis）软件于1972年由美国加州大学伯克利分校的计算机辅助设计小组利用FORTR AN语言开发而成，主要用于大规模集成电路的计算机辅助设计。SPICE的正式版SPICE 2G在1975年正式推出，但是该程序的运行环境至少为小型机。1985年，加州大学伯克利分校用C语言对SPICE软件进行了改写， 并由MICROSIM公司推出。1988年SPICE被定为美国国家工业标准。与此同时，各种以SP
3、ICE为核心的商用模拟电路仿真软件，在SPICE的基础上做了大量实用化工作，从而使SPICE成为最为流行的电子电路仿真软件。PSPICE采用自由格式语言的5.0版本自80年代以来在我国得到广泛应用，并且从6.0版本开始引入图形界面。1998年著名的EDA商业软件开发商ORCAD公司与Microsim公司正式合并，自此Microsim公司的PSPICE产品正式并入ORCAD公司的商业EDA系统中。不久之后，ORCAD公司已正式推出了ORCAD PSPICE Release 10.5，与传统的SPICE软件相比，PSPICE 10.5在三大方面实现了重大变革：首先，在对模拟电路进行直流、交流和瞬态
4、等基本电路特性分析的基础上，实现了蒙特卡罗分析、最坏情况分析以及优化设计等较为复杂的电路特性分析；第二，不但能够对模拟电路进行，而且能够对数字电路、数/模混合电路进行仿真；第三，集成度大大提高，电路图绘制完成后可直接进行电路仿真，并且可以随时分析观察仿真结果。PSPICE软件的使用已经非常流行。在大学里，它是工科类学生必会的分析与设计电路工具；在公司里，它是产品从设计、实验到定型过程中不可缺少的设计工具。它主要用于所设计的电路硬件实现之前，先对电路进行模拟分析，就如同对所设计的电路用各种仪器进行组装、调试和测试一样，这些工作完全由计算机来完成。用户根据要求来设置不同的参数，计算机就像扫描仪一样
5、，分析电路的频率响应，像示波器一样，测试电路的瞬态响应，还可以对电路进行交直流分析、噪声分析、Monte Carlo统计分析、最坏情况分析等，使用户的设计达到最优效果。以往一个新产品的研制过程需要经过工程估算，试验板搭试、调整，印刷板排版与制作，装配与调试，性能测试，测试指标不合格，再从调整开始循环，直至指标合格为止。这样往往需要反复实验和修改。而仿真技术可将“实验”与“修改”合二为一。2 单管放大电路理论分析2.1 单管放大电路原理图2.2 单管放大电路原理分析2.2.1 静态工作点分析令Vs=0，并把电容断开，图中只剩下12V直流电源，GND，NPN管R1,R2,Rc,Re。IR1IBQ的
6、条件下有VBQVCC*R2/(R1+R2)集电极电流 ICQIEQ=(VBQ-VBEQ)/ReVBQ/Re基极电流 IBQ=ICQ/集电极-射极电压 VCEQ=VCC-ICQ(Rc+Re)2.2.2 动态性能的分析画出该电路图的小信号等效电路，由此求得电压增益，输入电阻和输出电阻。2.2.2.1 求Avvo=-ib(Rc/RL)vi=(1+)ibReAv=vo/vi=-(Re+RL)/rbe+(1+)Re接入电阻Re，提高了静态工作点的稳定性，但是电压增益下降了，为了解决这个矛盾，在电阻的旁边并联一个电容，此时的电压增益为：Av=vo/vi=-(Re+RL)/rbe2.2.2.2 求Ri由于
7、Av=-(Re+RL)/rbeii=ib+iR=virbe+(1+)Re+vi/R1+vi/R2Ri=vi/ii=R1/R2/rbe+(1+)Re2.2.2.3 求Ro根据KVL Ro=vt/ic=rce1+Re/(Rbe+R1/R2+Re)Ro=Ro/Rc由此可知，当BJT的基极电位固定，并在发射极电路里接一电阻Re，便可提高输出电阻，亦可提高电路的恒流特性。3 程序运行结果及图表分析和总结3.1 数据1 =47.133.1.1 静态工作点分析（Bias Point）对文件进行Bias Point分析静态电压静态电流静态功率输出文件1 D:projectqiaoshuang-SCHEMATI
8、C1-Bias.sim* 12/27/08 12:38:31 * PSpice Lite (Mar 2000) * * Profile: SCHEMATIC1-Bias D:projectqiaoshuang-SCHEMATIC1-Bias.sim * CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION* Creating circuit file qiaoshuang-SCHEMATIC1-Bias.sim.cir * WARNING: THIS AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED FILE MAY BE OVERWRITTEN BY SUBSEQUENT SIMULATIONS*Libra
9、ries: * Local Libraries :.LIB .qiaoshuang.lib * From PSPICE NETLIST section of C:Program FilesOrcadLitePSpicePSpice.ini file:.lib nom.lib *Analysis directives: .OP.PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*) .INC .qiaoshuang-SCHEMATIC * INCLUDING qiaoshuang-SCHEMATIC * source qiaoshuangV_Vs VI 0 AC 5mV+SIN 0
10、V 30mV 1kHz 0 0 0Q_Q1 N00623 N00979 N00555 Q2N2222R_R1 N00979 N01424 51k R_R2 0 N00979 11k R_Rc N00623 N01424 5.1k R_RL 0 VO 5.1k C_C1 VI N00979 10uf C_C2 N00623 VO 10uf C_C3 0 N00555 100uf V_V1 N01424 0 12VR_Re 0 N00555 1k * RESUMING qiaoshuang-SCHEMATIC1-Bias.sim.cir *.ENDUnable to find index file
11、 qiaoshuang.ind for library file qiaoshuang.libMaking new index file qiaoshuang.ind for library file qiaoshuang.libIndex has 1 entries from 1 file(s).* 12/27/08 12:38:31 * PSpice Lite (Mar 2000) * Profile: SCHEMATIC1-Bias D:projectqiaoshuang-SCHEMATIC1-Bias.sim * BJT MODEL PARAMETERS* Q2N2222 NPN IS
12、 14.340000E-15 BF 50 NF 1 VAF 74.03 IKF .2847 ISE 14.340000E-15 NE 1.307 BR 6.092 NR 1 RB 10 RC 1 CJE 22.010000E-12 MJE .377 CJC 7.306000E-12 MJC .3416 TF 411.100000E-12 XTF 3 VTF 1.7 ITF .6 TR 46.910000E-09 XTB 1.5 CN 2.42 D .87 * 12/27/08 12:38:31 * PSpice Lite (Mar 2000) * * Profile: SCHEMATIC1-B
13、ias D:projectqiaoshuang-SCHEMATIC1-Bias.sim * SMALL SIGNAL BIAS SOLUTION TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG C* NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE( VI) 0.0000 ( VO) 0.0000 (N00555) 1.2409 (N00623) 5.8059 (N00979) 1.8907 (N01424) 12.0000 VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS NAME CURRENT V_Vs 0.000E+00 V_V1
14、-1.413E-03 TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION 1.70E-02 WATTS* 12/27/08 12:38:31 * PSpice Lite (Mar 2000) * * Profile: SCHEMATIC1-Bias D:projectqiaoshuang-SCHEMATIC1-Bias.sim * OPERATING POINT INFORMATION TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG C* BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORSNAME Q_Q1 MODEL Q2N2222 IB 2.63E-05 IC 1.21E-03 VBE
15、 6.50E-01 VBC -3.92E+00 VCE 4.57E+00 BETADC 4.61E+01 GM 4.68E-02 RPI 1.01E+03 RX 1.00E+01 RO 6.42E+04 CBE 5.57E-11 CBC 3.91E-12 CJS 0.00E+00 BETAAC 4.72E+01 CBX/CBX2 0.00E+00 FT/FT2 1.25E+08 JOB CONCLUDED TOTAL JOB TIME .033.1.2 时域分析（Time Domain）对Vo和Vi进行时域分析输出文件2 D:projectqiaoshuang-SCHEMATIC1-Tran.
16、sim* 12/27/08 12:53:24 * PSpice Lite (Mar 2000) * * Profile: SCHEMATIC1-Tran D:projectqiaoshuang-SCHEMATIC1-Tran.sim * CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION* Creating circuit file qiaoshuang-SCHEMATIC1-Tran.sim.cir * WARNING: THIS AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED FILE MAY BE OVERWRITTEN BY SUBSEQUENT SIMULATIONS*Libraries: *
17、Local Libraries :.LIB .qiaoshuang.lib * From PSPICE NETLIST section of C:Program FilesOrcadLitePSpicePSpice.ini file:.lib nom.lib *Analysis directives: .TRAN 0 4mS 0 20uS .PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*) .INC .qiaoshuang-SCHEMATIC * INCLUDING qiaoshuang-SCHEMATIC * source qiaoshuangV_Vs VI 0 AC 5
18、mV+SIN 0V 30mV 1kHz 0 0 0Q_Q1 N00623 N00979 N00555 Q2N2222R_R1 N00979 N01424 51k R_R2 0 N00979 11k R_Rc N00623 N01424 5.1k R_RL 0 VO 5.1k C_C1 VI N00979 10uf C_C2 N00623 VO 10uf C_C3 0 N00555 100uf V_V1 N01424 0 12VR_Re 0 N00555 1k * RESUMING qiaoshuang-SCHEMATIC1-Tran.sim.cir *.END* 12/27/08 12:53:
19、24 * PSpice Lite (Mar 2000) * * Profile: SCHEMATIC1-Tran D:projectqiaoshuang-SCHEMATIC1-Tran.sim * BJT MODEL PARAMETERS* Q2N2222 NPN IS 14.340000E-15 BF 50 NF 1 VAF 74.03 IKF .2847 ISE 14.340000E-15 NE 1.307 BR 6.092 NR 1 RB 10 RC 1 CJE 22.010000E-12 MJE .377 CJC 7.306000E-12 MJC .3416 TF 411.100000
20、E-12 XTF 3 VTF 1.7 ITF .6 TR 46.910000E-09 XTB 1.5 CN 2.42 D .87 * 12/27/08 12:53:24 * PSpice Lite (Mar 2000) * * Profile: SCHEMATIC1-Tran D:projectqiaoshuang-SCHEMATIC1-Tran.sim * INITIAL TRANSIENT SOLUTION TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG C* NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE( VI) 0.0000
21、( VO) 0.0000 (N00555) 1.2409 (N00623) 5.8059 (N00979) 1.8907 (N01424) 12.0000 VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS NAME CURRENT V_Vs 0.000E+00 V_V1 -1.413E-03 TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION 1.70E-02 WATTS JOB CONCLUDED TOTAL JOB TIME .033.1.3 交流扫描（AC Sweep）至上而下是输出电阻，Vo与Vi的相位差，幅频特性曲线输出文件3 D:projectqiaoshuang-SCHEMATIC1-
22、AC.sim* 12/27/08 12:57:46 * PSpice Lite (Mar 2000) * * Profile: SCHEMATIC1-AC D:projectqiaoshuang-SCHEMATIC1-AC.sim * CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION* Creating circuit file qiaoshuang-SCHEMATIC1-AC.sim.cir * WARNING: THIS AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED FILE MAY BE OVERWRITTEN BY SUBSEQUENT SIMULATIONS*Libraries: * Loc
23、al Libraries :.LIB .qiaoshuang.lib * From PSPICE NETLIST section of C:Program FilesOrcadLitePSpicePSpice.ini file:.lib nom.lib *Analysis directives: .AC DEC 101 10Hz 100Meg.PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*) .INC .qiaoshuang-SCHEMATIC * INCLUDING qiaoshuang-SCHEMATIC * source qiaoshuangV_Vs VI 0 AC
24、5mV+SIN 0V 30mV 1kHz 0 0 0Q_Q1 N00623 N00979 N00555 Q2N2222R_R1 N00979 N01424 51k R_R2 0 N00979 11k R_Rc N00623 N01424 5.1k R_RL 0 VO 5.1k C_C1 VI N00979 10uf C_C2 N00623 VO 10uf C_C3 0 N00555 100uf V_V1 N01424 0 12VR_Re 0 N00555 1k * RESUMING qiaoshuang-SCHEMATIC1-AC.sim.cir *.END* 12/27/08 12:57:4
25、6 * PSpice Lite (Mar 2000) * * Profile: SCHEMATIC1-AC D:projectqiaoshuang-SCHEMATIC1-AC.sim * BJT MODEL PARAMETERS* Q2N2222 NPN IS 14.340000E-15 BF 50 NF 1 VAF 74.03 IKF .2847 ISE 14.340000E-15 NE 1.307 BR 6.092 NR 1 RB 10 RC 1 CJE 22.010000E-12 MJE .377 CJC 7.306000E-12 MJC .3416 TF 411.100000E-12
26、XTF 3 VTF 1.7 ITF .6 TR 46.910000E-09 XTB 1.5 CN 2.42 D .87 * 12/27/08 12:57:46 * PSpice Lite (Mar 2000) * * Profile: SCHEMATIC1-AC D:projectqiaoshuang-SCHEMATIC1-AC.sim * SMALL SIGNAL BIAS SOLUTION TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG C* NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE( VI) 0.0000 ( VO) 0.0
27、000 (N00555) 1.2409 (N00623) 5.8059 (N00979) 1.8907 (N01424) 12.0000 VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS NAME CURRENT V_Vs 0.000E+00 V_V1 -1.413E-03 TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION 1.70E-02 WATTS JOB CONCLUDED TOTAL JOB TIME .063.2 数据2 =82.443.2.1 静态工作点分析（Bias Point）静态电压静态电流静态功率输出文件1 D:projectqiaoshuang-SCHEMATIC1-bias
28、1.sim * 12/29/08 11:32:56 * PSpice Lite (Mar 2000) *Profile: SCHEMATIC1-bias1 D:projectqiaoshuang-SCHEMATIC1-bias1.sim * CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION* Creating circuit file qiaoshuang-SCHEMATIC1-bias1.sim.cir * WARNING: THIS AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED FILE MAY BE OVERWRITTEN BY SUBSEQUENT SIMULATIONS*Libraries:
29、 * Local Libraries :.LIB .qiaoshuang.lib * From PSPICE NETLIST section of C:Program FilesOrcadLitePSpicePSpice.ini file:.lib nom.lib *Analysis directives: .OP.PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*) .INC .qiaoshuang-SCHEMATIC * INCLUDING qiaoshuang-SCHEMATIC * source qiaoshuangV_Vs VI 0 AC 5mV+SIN 0V 30m
30、V 1kHz 0 0 0Q_Q1 N00623 N00979 N00555 Q2N2222R_R1 N00979 N01424 30k R_R2 0 N00979 9k R_Rc N00623 N01424 3k R_RL 0 VO 3k C_C1 VI N00979 10uf C_C2 N00623 VO 10uf C_C3 0 N00555 100uf V_V1 N01424 0 10VR_Re 0 N00555 1k * RESUMING qiaoshuang-SCHEMATIC1-bias1.sim.cir *.ENDWARNING - Library file D:projectqi
31、aoshuang.lib has changed since index file qiaoshuang.ind was created.WARNING - The timestamp changed from Sat Dec 27 12:24:26 2008 to Mon Dec 29 11:31:40 2008.Making new index file qiaoshuang.ind for library file qiaoshuang.libIndex has 1 entries from 1 file(s).* 12/29/08 11:32:56 * PSpice Lite (Mar 2000) *Profile: SCHEMATIC1-bias1 D:projectqiaoshuang-SCHEMATIC1-bias1.sim * BJT MODEL PARAMETERS* Q2N2222 NPN IS 14.340000E-15 BF 100 NF 1 VAF 74.03 IKF .2847 ISE 14.340000E-15 NE 1.307 BR 6.092 NR 1 RB 10 RC 1 CJE 22.010000E-12
