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1、动词的用法,英语语法词性详解二动词,二、动词的分类,(1),(3),(2),一、动词的定义,三、动词的时态,四、非谓语动词,五、被动语态,1.一般现在时,2.一般过去时,3.一般将来时,4.现在进行时,5.过去进行时,6.现在完成时,7.过去完成时,8.过去将来时,六、动词的基本形式,一。动词的定义,动词是用来表示主语做什么，是什么，或怎么样的词。eg: The boy runs fast. The boy is a student .,系动词,助动词,情态动词,行为动词,实义动词,后面要接形容词,用于疑问句和否定句中,后面接动词原形,时态和被动语态,二、按词义和句中的作用，动词可以分为四类,
2、返回,动 词,系动词,助动词,情态动词,一好像、二保持、三变化、五感官后面接形容词作表语,be; have/has done; 情态动词; do/does/did 助动词用于疑问句和否定句中,有哪些；弄明白各个情态动词的意思；Must提问的否定回答neednt/dont have to; 表猜测的情态动词,连系动词：一好像，二保持，三变化，五感官,seem; keep/remain; turn/become/get; taste/ smell/ look/ feel/ sound,1. The medicine _ very bitter.feels B. tastes C. looks D.
3、 sounds2. The cotton feels _ and it sells _.well; good B. soft; well C. softly; well D. comfortably; good3. We must keep the door _ when we leave the classroom.A. close B. open C. closed D. opened4. Your idea _ fantastic.is sounded B. is sounding C. sound D. sounds5. I think the cabbage tastes _.goo
4、d B. well C. nicely D. badly,1. 系动词没有被动语态，一般用现在时或过去时,系动词考点,2. 系动词后面一般接形容词作表语。,3. 系动词的含义要牢记，能与行为动词区分。,run; keep; smell; sell; make; do; listen; look at;hear; sound; eat; taste; touch; think; feel ; remainlook; become;,1. She looks _. A. happy B. to be happy C. happily D. that she is happy2. The child
5、ren all looked _ at the broken model plane and felt quite _. A. sad, sad B. sadly, sadly C. sad, sadly D. sadly, sad3. This math problem is _ and I can do it _. A. easy, easily B. easily, easily C. easy, easy D. easily, easy4. 这蛋糕闻起来很香。5. 她的答案似乎正确。6. 那听起来是个好主意。,The cake smells very delicious.,Her an
6、swer seems right.,That sounds a good idea.,助动词的用途,Do you know Toms address? Are you from Australia?Have you cancelled the meeting? What can you do? They will go to the concert, wont you? She doesnt accept your help, does she? They dont go to see the dentist. I cant work out this problem. Mary would
7、not tell him the news. My parents are not good at drawing.,1、在疑问句中，把助动词放置主语前,2、在否定中，否定词not要放置助动词后,助动词都有哪些词可以充当？,be (is; am; are; was; were),情态动词（can; could; will; would; must; may; shall）,现在完成 have/has+ done中的have和has,如果需要助动词，但是句中没有以上的词，怎么办？,The man usually takes a shower after watching TV. My mothe
8、r completed the project last year. They take an active part in school activities.,变疑问句或否定句咋办？,可借助动词：do ; does; did,They often go to the beach on the weekends. My classmates can learn English by themselves. The crayon is my cousins. The conference has lasted for two hours. The workers have completed
9、the work. The cake will taste better with some butter. Pandas like eating bamboo. We must obey the rules at school. They have never been to Shanghai, _ they. Mary finished her homework last night, _ she?,情态动词的考点,must 必须; can/could会、能够；may/might可能,shall/should应该；will/would 将会 ； need需要,有哪些？,考什么？,You _
10、 return the book now. You can keep it next week if you like. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not2. Johnny, you _play with the knife, you _hurt yourself. A. wont.cant B. mustnt.may C. shouldnt, must D. cant.shouldnt3. Man _die without water. A. will B. can C. need D. shall4. -Must I finish this no
11、vel this morning ?-No, you_. A. mustnt B. might not C. dont have to D. cant5. -May I stop my car here?-No, you_. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. dont have to,能够区分各情态动词的意思,考什么？,5. -Must we clean the house now? -No, you _. A. neednt B. may not C. mustnt D. cant6. She _not come this afternoon. I am not
12、sure. A. might B. can C. must D. shall7. I saw Mary in the library yesterday.-It _ be her. She is still abroad.A. mustnt B. cant C. may not D. wont 8. The book _ be Toms, because his name is on it. A. can B. must C. could D. will9. Can you guess whose book it _ be? A. must B. should C. can D. need,某
13、些情态动词提问的回答,表猜测的情态动词要弄明白,二、短语动词,：由一些动词和其它词构成短语，表达一个完整的意思。其构成方式如下,返回,三、按动词的形式可以分为谓语动词和非谓语动词,1、谓语动词(如下),2、非谓语动词,返回,2、非谓语动词,动词的时态,1.一般现在时,（1）表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态,（2）表示主语现在的性格、特征、能力,（3）表示客观事实或普遍用法,（4）用于状语从句代替一般将来时,eg.Weoftenwritetoeachother. 我们时常相互通信。,常与always，usually，often，sometimes，everyday，onceaweek，yearl
14、y每年，monthly每月， 等时间状语或频率副词连用。,eg.He works hard.他努力工作,eg.The sun rises in the east. Light goes faster than sound,eg.You will succeed if you try .,I will tell him about it as soon as I see him next Monday.,常与连词：when , as soon as , before , after , until , if 如果，等引导的时间状语或条件状语从句,练习,返回,2.一般过去时,(1).表示过去某一时
15、间点发生的动作或所处的状态. e.g. He arrived in Hangzhou an hour ago. Where were you just now?,(2).表示过去某一时间里反复出现的动作或状态. e.g. Their children often went hungry in the old days. During his middle school years, he played football nearly every day.,(3).表示主语过去的特征或性格等. e.g. At that time she spoke very good English.,(4).
16、一般过去时往往和明确的过去时间状语连用.如:yesterday, last night, two days (months, weeks) ago, in 1996, at that time 等,也常和when, if等引导的状语从句连用. e.g. Did you play volleyball yesterday afternoon? My father, when he was a child, worked 15 hours for the landlord a day.,(5).一般过去时可与today, this week, this month等时间状语连用. e.g. I s
17、aw him today. He came late three times this week.,练习,返回,一般过去时的练习,1. I saw him this morning.（改为否定句、疑问句并做回答）,2. He came late three times this week.（同上）,3. Jim came late three times this week.(分别对a,b,c,d提问) a b c d,4. AI_(be) 12 last year. B_(be)the doctor in the hospital last night? No, he_(be not). C
18、. What _he_(do) yesterday? He_(draw)some pictures in the park.,5.A. _ _a sweater on the desk just now.B. There are some children in the aquarium now. (用 yesterday替换 now) _ _some children in the aquarium yesterday.C. There were some buildings here in the past. (改为一般疑问句) _ _ _ buildings here in the pa
19、st?,返回,3.一般将来时,a.will / shall +动词原形(备：在口语中，shall和will常缩写成ll，紧接在主语之后。其否定式shall not和will not的简略式分别为shant和wont),(1)构成,b. be going to + 动词原形,c. be + 动词-ing形式（动词-ing形式通常是表示位置转移的动词，如arrive, come, go, leave, move, start, stay, get等）,d.be + 动词不定式 （例：You are to be back before 10:00 p.m. 你必须在上午10点前回来。表示按计划或正式
20、安排将发生的事 ）,(2)用法,表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。,表示将要反复发生的动作,(3)常用结构,用于祈使句 + and + 陈术句中。Eg.Work hard and you will succeed.,与表示时间或条件的状语从句连用。If you ask him, he will help you., 用于I expect, Im sure, I think, I wonder + 宾语从句中。 I dont think the test will be very difficult.,返回,练习,4.现在进行时,(1)意义：a.表示说话的此刻正在进行的动作。 常与now,the
21、moment等连用。,(2)构成：主语+be+现在分词(v.+ing),练习,返回,例:Listen! Mary is singing an English song in the classroom.,b.表示现在时间段中正在进行的动作。,例:They are planting trees on the hill these days.,c.表示一种重复的动作，带有“厌恶”、“赞叹”等感情色彩。,例:My brother is always leaving things about.,注:现在进行时往往与always连用，给现在的动作披上一层感情色彩。,现在进行时的练习,1. What ar
22、e you _(do) now? I _(eat) bread.,2.Its nine oclock. My father_(work) in the office.,3. Look, the boy_(put) the rubbish into the bin.,4._he_(clean) the classroom? No, he isnt. He_(play).,5.Where is Mak? He_(run) on the grass.,6. Listen, who_(sing) in the music room? Oh, Mary_(sing) there.,7.The birds
23、 are singing in the tree.(就划线部分提问).,8.The children are playing games near the house.(就划线部分提问),9.The Young Pioneers are helping the old woman.(改成一般疑问句),返回,5.过去进行时,(1)意义：,（2）构成：主语+was/were+现在分词,1表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。如：What were you doing when I phoned you last night?,2表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作。 如：They were building
24、a dam last winter. 去年冬天他们在建一个大坝。,3用于come, go, leave, start, arrive等表示位置转移的动词，以表示过去将要发生的动作。如： They wanted to know when we were leaving for Shanghai.,返回,练习,6.现在完成时,（1）意义：现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。,（2）结构：助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词,（3）四大标志词： * 以already, just和yet为标志：表示到现在为止动作或状态已
25、经、刚刚或还没有发生 * 以ever和never为标志：表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过 * 以动作发生的次数为标志：He says he has been to the USA three times. * 以so far为标志：表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生,（4）注：a.*“终止”、“延续”要转换常见的有:come-be, go out -be out, leave-be away (from), begin-be on, buy-have, borrow-keep , join-be a member / 介词短语, die-be dead, become-be, ope
26、n(v.)-be open(adj.) 等。 b. * 时间“点”、“段”须分清 for+时间段 since+过去某一时刻,返回,练习,现在完成时的练习,A)选用have, has填空:1.I _ told him the news.2.She _ come back from school.3.You _ won the game.,B)按要求改写下列各句:4.They have bought a computer.(改成否定句)5.He has lost his book.(先改成一般疑问句,再作肯定与否定回答),C) 单项选择6. -Where have you _, Kate?-Ive
27、 _ to the bank.A. gone, goneB. been, beenC. gone, beenD. been, gone7. Her grandfather _ for two years. A. diedB. has diedC. has been deadD. has been died8. Its six weeks _ I met you last.A. whenB. sinceC. beforeD. for9. Tom and Jack _ West Hill Farm already.A. have gotB. have gone toC. have been toD
28、. have reached,返回,7.过去完成时,(1)概念:过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经发生的动作或情况，即：过去的过去。如: When we got there, the football match had already started. 当我们赶到时，足球比赛已经开始了。,(2)构成:肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他 否定句：主语+had not+过去分词+其他 疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他,(3)用法: A.表示在过去某一时间之前已完成的动作，表示对这一过去时间造成的结果或影响。常用以下几种方式： (1) 用by，before等构成的介词短语。 eg
29、:Linda had learnt 10 English songs by the end of last month. (2) 用when, before, after等引导的时间状语从句。 eg:The train had started before we got to the station. B. 过去完成时还可以表示过去某一时间以前发生开始的动作持续到这一过去的时间。常与for, since引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。 eg:I had worked in a hospital for three years before I came here.,返回,练习,8.过去将来
30、时,（1）意义：表示以过去的某时来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用在宾语从句中.,（2）构成：主语+would/should+动词原形 主语+was/were+going to +动词原形,例:I didnt know if she would come. I wasnt sure whether he would do it . I didnt know if she was going to come. Wang Lei said that she was going to visit her uncle next Sunday.,返回,练习,1. We often_(play) in
31、the playgound.2. He _(get) up at six oclock.3. _you _(brush) your teeth every morning.4. What(do) he usually (do) after school?5. Danny (study) English,Chinese,Maths,Science and Art at school.6. Mike sometimes _(go) to the park with his sister.7. At eight at night, she _(watch) TV with his parents.8
32、. _ Mike_(read) English every day?9. How many lessons_your classmate_(have) on Monday?10. What time_his mother_(do) the housework?,返回,一般现在时的练习（1）,下一页,一般现在时的练习（2）,9. My dog runs fast. （改为否定句、一般疑问句）,10. Mike has two letters for him. （改为否定句、一般疑问句）,11. I usually play football on Friday afternoon.（改为否定句、
33、一般疑问句并对划线部分提问）,12. Su Yang usually washes some clothes on Saturday.（同上）13. Mingming usually waters the flowers every day （同上）14. Tom does his homework at home. （同上）,返回,上一页,英语动词的五种基本形式及变化规则1,英语动词有五种基本形式。它们是动词原形、第三人称单数现在时（简称单三）、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。这五种形式和助动词一起构成英语的各种时态和语态等。,例：,1、单三形式变化规则,（1）一般动词在词尾加- s, 在清辅音
34、后读 /s / ,在浊辅音或元音后读 / z / ;在t后读/ ts /, 在d后读 / dz /。例如：help helps ，swim swims,（2）以字母s, x, ch , sh 结尾的动词加- es, 读/ iz/ , 在d后读/ dz/.以o结尾的动词也加es，读/ z /。例如：guess guesses，teach teaches，go goes,（3）以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加-es，读/ z /。例如：fly flies carry carries,注： be is have has,下一页,返回,2. 动词- ing形式的构成：,（1） 一般在动词末尾
35、加-ing. 例如:go going，ask asking,（2）以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing. 例如:write writing，close closing，take taking,（3）以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这一字母，再加-ing. 例如：get getting，sit sitting，put putting，run running，begin beginning,3. 规则动词过去式的构成,（1）一般在动词原形末尾加-ed.结尾是e 的动词直接加-d.例如:look looked，play played，live lived，hop
36、e hoped,（2）末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed. 例如：stop stopped，plan planned，trip tripped,（3）结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词，先变“y”为“i”再加-ed. 例如:study studied，carry carried,下一页,返回,上一页,2,（4）词尾-ed的读音,i. 在浊辅音和元音后面读为/ d / .例如:called，moved,ii 在浊辅音后面读为/ t / . 例如：finished ,helped,iii 在/ t / , / d /音后面读为/ id / . 例如：wanted ,sho
37、uted,(5)不规则动词过去式,常见的不规则动词的过去式有:am/is was,are were,go went,have had,do did,get got,come came,say said,see sawput put,eat ate,take took等 详见课本后附录并熟记！,补： There be 结构“There is /are +某物 / 某人 +某地 / 某时”这样一种句型.句子中的is /are 和后面所跟的名词在数的方面必须一致。,（1）肯定句There is (Theres) a train in the picture.,（2）否定句There is not (
38、isnt) a picture on the wall .There are not (arent) any birds in the tree .,（3）疑问句和简略答语Is there a girl under the tree? Yes ,there is . /No ,there is not(isnt). Are there any glasses on the table ? Yes, there are. / No, there are not （arent）How many days are there in a week?There are seven.,返回,上一页,3,过
39、去时的练习(1),1. -Where is Jim?-He _ to the shop. Hell be back in an hour. A. goes B. go C. has gone D. will go2. I dont think I _ you in that dress before. A. have seen B. was seeing C. saw D. see3. Im sorry youve missed the train. It _10 minutes ago. A. left B. has left C. had left D. has been left4. -
40、Mum, may I go out and play basketball?- _ you _ your homework yet?A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finish D. Have; finished5. -I dont know if his uncle_.-I think he_if it doesnt rain.A. will come; comes B. will come; will comeC. comes; will come D. comes; comes6. -Excuse me, look at the sign:
41、 NO PHOTOS!-Sorry, I_it.A. dont see B. didnt see C. havent seen D. wont see,下一页,7. I think you were in a hurry. You_your sweater inside out.A. had worn B. Wore C. were wearing D. are wearing8. The traffic in our city is already bad and it_even worse.A. gets B. got C. has got D. is getting9. -Has Jac
42、k finished his homework yet?-I have no idea. He_ it this morning.A. was doing B. had been doing C. has done D. did10. -Sorry, I forget to post the letter for you. -Never mind, _ it myself tonight. A. Im going to post B. Ive decided to post C. Ill post D. Id rather post,Key: 1-5 CAADB6-10 BDDAC,过去时的练
43、习(2),下一页,Practice(1),1. His father _ ( took , was taking ) a walk in the street when I met him . 2. The glass _ (dropped , was dropping ) to the ground and broke into pieces . 3. Jack told me he _ ( came , would come ) back next month. 4. Kate _ (cleaned , was cleaning ) the windows the day before y
44、esterday . 5. I knew she _ ( was going , had been ) to Shanghai twice . 6. Who _ ( sang , was singing ) at ten last night ? 7. I _ (talked , was talking ) with Mrs. Green at this time yesterday . 8. The two students _ ( fought , was fighting ) when the teacher walked into the room .,下一页,Practice(2),
45、用动词的适当形式完成句子。 1. I _ (get )two postcards from her last week . 2. They _ not _ ( stay ) there long because it was late . 3. Who _ (live ) in that room last week ? 4. Yesterday I _ ( see ) him in the street . 5. _ ( be ) he a driver three years ago ? 6. He said he _ ( go ) to New York next month . 7.
46、I _ ( do )my homework when my mother came back . 8. The students _ ( be )not in the classroom at that time . 9. _ he _ ( play )basketball with his son yesterday afternoon? 10. I _ ( wash ) my sport shoes just then .,下一页,根据中文意思，用下列英文提示词语造句。 1. 该是学习数学的时间了。 study maths 2. 这棵树和那棵树一样高。 this tree , is , t
47、all , that one 3. 靠我一个人来移动这样床对我来说是很困难的。 difficult , me , move , bed 4. 这张床如此重以至于我移不动它。 the bed , is , heavy , I cant move , it 5. 昨天洗运动鞋花了我半小时的时间。 me , half an hour , wash , my sport shoes , yesterday,1. Its time to study maths.,2. This tree is as tall as that one .,3. It is difficult for me to move
48、 the bed by myself.,4. The bed is so heavy that I cant move it .,5. It took me half an hour to wash my sport shoes yesterday .,Practice(3),返回,一般将来时的练习(1),( ) 1. There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be( ) 2. Charlie _ here next
49、month. A. isnt working B. doesnt working C. isnt going to working D. wont work( ) 3. He _ very busy this week, he _ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be( ) 4. There _ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is goin
50、g to be( ) 5. _ you _ free tomorrow? No. I _ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be,下一页,返回,一般将来时的练习(2),( ) 6. Mother _ me a nice present on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give( ) 7
