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1、1章答案1. Howisthesettingofthetalesdescribed?Withsuchasetting,couldyoupredictthegeneraltoneofthetalesthataretofollow?Key:（1）Chaucersetsthetalesinthespring,describingboththenaturalworldandpeoplethenaturalworldshowsakindofrenewalandrebirth,andpeoplebegintostirafterthelongsIeepofwinter.ChaucertSdescriptio
2、nofthelandscapeislively（欢快的）andfresh（清新的）,sincehespeaksofbuddingflowers,growingcropsandsingingbirds.（2）Accordingtosuchasetting,wecanpredictthatthegeneraltoneofthetaleswillbelight,sprightly（活泼、愉快的）andhumorous.2. Inyourownwords,summarizethecharacteroftheKnightfromthebriefintroductioninthisexcerpt.Key:
3、Accordingtotheexcerpt,wecanseethattheKnighthasfollowedchivalrytruth,honor,freedomandcourtesy.Hehadfoughtmanybattlesforthefaithofpeople.Heisabrave,wise,modestand-trulyperfectgentleknightIl.3. Withoutcomparisonwiththetranslatedversion,aretherewordsstillrecognizabletoyouintheoriginalMiddleEnglishversio
4、n?Key:Yes,therearemanywordsthatcanberecognized.Becausemanywordsonlycontainfewdifferentletterscomparedwiththemodemwords.Whatsmore,sometimes,wecanrecognizethewordsbyguessingorbythesense-group.1章练习题I.Fillintheblanks.1.TheEnglishgreatwriterGeoffreyChaucerwasbornin1343anddiedin1400.Hismostimportantworkis
5、,alongpoemmadeupofageneralintroductionand24SIOrieS.（南开大学2007研）【答案】TheCanterburyTales【解析】乔叟的代表作是坎特伯雷故事集，是一首由一篇序言和24个故事组成的长诗。1. isChaucertSlongestcompletepoem（about8,000lines）andhisgreatestartisticachievement.【答案】TroilusandCriseyde【解析】特罗勒斯和克丽西德是乔叟最长的一首完整诗篇，长达8000多行。3. CriticstendtodivideChaucerslitera
6、rycareerintothreeperiods:theperiod,theperiodandtheperiod.【答案】French；Italian；English【解析】乔叟的创作生涯通常被评论家们分为三个时期：法国时期、意大利时期和英国时期。4. AmongtheMiddleEnglishpoets,threearethegreatest.OneistheauthorofSirGawainandtheGreenKnight.Theothertwoareand.【答案】WilliamLangland；GeoffreyChaucer【解析】中世纪最伟大的三位诗人是：高文爵士与绿衣骑士的作者、
7、威廉朗格兰以及乔叟。5. WhenChaucerdiedonOctober251400,hewasthefirsttobeburiedin.【答案】WestminsterAbbey【解析】乔叟是第一位被葬在威斯敏斯特教堂的诗人。6. BesidesChaucer,KingJamesIalsowroteinversesofsevenlines,sothiskindofversecametobecalledthe【答案】rhymeroyal【解析】帝王韵，即抑扬五步格的七行诗，按ababbcc次序押韵，因苏格兰王詹姆斯一世曾用此韵而得名，乔叟第一个将它用于英语诗歌中。7. Heroiccouple
8、tisoneofthetraditionalverseformsinEnglishpoetry.isbelievedtobethefirstEnglishpoettohaveadoptedthisforminhisPOemS.（天津外国语2013研）【答案】GeoffreyChaucer【解析】英雄双韵体，是一种英国古典诗体，由乔叟首创。由十音节双韵诗体演化而来，每行五个音步，每个音步有两个音节，第一个是轻音，第二个是重音。句式均衡、整齐、准确、简洁、考究。8. Accordingtothecluesgivenconcerningtheplot,characterortheme,writeth
9、enameandauthorofthework.（武汉大学2010研）Example:Mrs.Bennettriestomarryoffher5daughtersandsucceeds.Answer:PrideandPrejudicebyJaneAustenThetwosonsofthekingcourtedaprincessandtheelderbrotherfailedbecauseinwanderingaroundtheworldlookingforthetrialstonehelostbothhisyouthandopportunity.Answer:by【答案】TheCanterbu
10、ryTales；Chaucer【解析】选段选自乔叟的坎特伯雷故事集。.MultipleChoice1.1, the-fatherofEnglishpoetryIlandoneofthegreatestnaativepoetsofEngland,wasborninLondonabout1340.A. GeoffreyChaucerB. SirGawainCFrancisBaconD.JohnDryden【答案】A【解析】乔叟被誉为“英国诗歌之父”；培根被认为是现代科学的奠基人，他的培根散文集被誉为英国散文发展的里程碑。2. Chaucertsearliestworkofanylengthishi
11、s,atranslationoftheFrenchRomandelaRosebyGaillaumedeLorrisandJeandeMeung,whichwasaIoveallegoryenjoyingwidespreadpopularityinthe13thand14thcenturiesnotonlyinFrancebutthroughoutEurope.ATheRomauntoftheRoseB. -ARed,RedRoseIlC. PiersthePlowmanD. TroilusandCriseyde【答案】A【解析】玫瑰传奇是乔叟最早的作品，是乔叟翻译的一首13世纪的法国诗歌。3.
12、 GeoffreyChaucerplannedoriginallytohaveeachofthepilgrimstellstoriesonthewaytoCanterburyandthesamenumberofstoriesonthewaybackinhisfamousTheCanterburyThes.（天津外国语2009研）A. 1B. 2C3D.4【答案】B【解析】坎特伯雷故事集中的店主提议众香客在前往坎特伯雷朝圣的路上每人讲两个故事，回来时再讲两个，一共计划讲120个故事，但乔叟后来只写了24个（包括4个故事的残篇）。4. WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelon
13、gto-themarriagegroupIlinTheCanterimry7hes?（大连夕卜国语2008研）A.TheWifeofBath4STale.B. ThePardonertSTale.C. TheOxfordCIerk4sTale.D. TheFranklin*sTale.【答案】B【解析】在坎特伯雷故事集中，巴斯妇、牛津学者与地主的三个故事，构成了一个“婚姻组”。他们的故事讨论中心便是婚姻中，妻子和丈夫哪一个应该处于支配地位。已经五次嫁人，还怀着结第六次结婚念头的巴斯妇,认为只有妇女掌权的家庭才能幸福；学者的故事则强调妇女顺从的美德；地主的故事讲的是夫妻相互信任、共度难关。选项B
14、是卖赎罪券的僧人，他讲述了三个浪子为争夺金子，互相喑算，最后同归于尽的故事，讲完之后，他立刻向大家兜售赎罪券和圣骨遗骸（实际是猪骨头冒充的）。5. ThesecondperiodofChaucersliterarycareerincludesmainlythethreelongerpoemswrittenpriortoTheCanterburyTales.AmongthefollowingworkswhichisNOTthecorrectone?ATheHouseofFameB. TroiliisandCriseydeC. TheLegendofGoodWomenD. TheBookofthe
15、Duchess【答案】D【解析】乔叟第二个创作时期的作品具有明显的意大利文学痕迹，他这时期的作品包括三首长诗声誉之堂、特罗勒斯和克丽西德和好妇人的故事。公爵夫人之书是乔叟第一个时期的作品。6. Apartfromoriginalpoems,ChaucertranslatedvariousworksofFrenchauthors,amongthemisthefamous.A. TheCanterburyTalesB. TheRornauntoftheRoseC. TheParliamentofFowlsD. TheHouseofFame【答案】B【解析】玫瑰传奇是乔叟翻译的一首13世纪的法国诗歌
16、；百鸟议会和声誉之堂是乔叟第二个时期的作品，具有明显的意大利文学的痕迹；坎特伯雷故事集是其代表作，是他第三个创作时期的作品。7. ChaucercomposesalongnarrativepoemnamedbasedonBoccaccio*spoem-FilostratoIl.A. TheLegendofGoodWomenB. TroilusandCriseydeC. SirGawainandtheGreenKnighiD. Beowulf【答案】B【解析】薄伽丘的影子在乔叟的作品中随处可见，他的长叙事诗特罗勒斯和克丽西德是在薄伽丘的“Filostrato”基础上创作的。8. Geoffrey
17、Chaucer,regardedasthefirstfomousEnglishpoetinthehistoryofEnglishliterature,wrotethefollowingexcept.（天津外国语2007研）A. TheCanterburyTalesB. TheHouseofFameC. TheParliamentofFowlesD. Boethius【答案】D【解析】选项D是作者波伊提乌，罗马哲学家，被误判叛国罪处死。他在狱中写成以柏拉图思想为理论依据的名著TheConsolationofPhilosophyi哲学的慰藉）。其余选项都是乔叟的作品。III. Explainthe
18、followingterms.1. heroicCOUPIeI（人大2006研；厦门大学2007研；北航2010研）Key：heroiccouplet：HeroiccoupletisatraditionalformofEnglishpoetry,commonlyusedforepicandnarrativepoetry;itreferstoaverseformconsistingoftworhyminglinesiniambicpentameter.TheuseoftheheroiccoupletwasfirstpioneeredbyGeoffreyChaucerinTheLegeHdofGo
19、odWomenandTheCanterburyTales.2. ScottishChauceriansKey：ScottishChaucerians：ItisagroupofpoetsofScotlandwho,inuencedbyChaucer,usestheallegory,thedreamconventionandthesevenlinedChaucerianstanza.Buttheirpoetryrevealsgreaterfreshness,vigorandartisticbeauty.Itstandsoutinsharpcontrastasathingofbeauty,andal
20、soathingofpleasure.ImportantScottishChauccrian4SareKingJamesI,RobertHenrysonWilliamDunbarandGawinDouglas.3. narrativepoetry（人大2004研）Key：narrativepoetry：Anarrativepoemtellsastory.Suchpoetryiswidespreadinmanyliteratures.Thethreemainkindsareepic,metricalromanceandballad.Beowulf,ChaucertSTheCanterburyTa
21、lesandPope*sTheRapeoftheLockarenotableexamplesofnarrativepoetry.Today,suchfactorsasthepopularityofthenovelandthedisinclinationofpoetstouseverseforsubjectsthatcanbeadequatelytreatedinprosehavemadenarrativeverseararity.IV. Readthefollowingquotationandanswerthequestions.Questions1to3arebasedonthefollow
22、ingpassageofTheCanterbury7hes.(南开大学2(X)9研)FromTheCanterburyTalesSpeakingofhisequipment,he(theknight)possessedFinehorses,buthewasnotgailydressed.HeworeafustiantunicstainedanddarkWithsmudgeswherehisarmorhadleftmark.1. Whatdoesthefactthattheknightownsfinehorsesindicate?2. Whatdoestheclotheshewearsindic
23、ate?3. WhatdoesGeoffreyChaucerwanttoshowthroughthesedetails?Key：1. ThefactindicatesthattheknightrepresentsarealknightandtheidealofamedievalChristianman-at-arms.2. Theknightwearsafustiantunicstainedanddarkwithsmudges,whichindicatesthathehasrecentlyreturnedfromthebattlefield.3. Throughthesedetails,Cha
24、ucerwantstoshowthattheknightisbrave,experienced,devoutandprudent.TheknightridesatthefrontoftheprocessiondescribedintheGeneralPrologue,andhisstoryisthefirstinthesequence.TheHostclearlyadmirestheknight,asdoesthenarrator.V. Shortanswerquestions1. WhyistheKnightfirstintheGeneralProloguetotellataleinCant
25、erburyTales?(北航2009研)Key：Beforethepilgrimstelltheirtales,Chaucerintroducestheirconditionaccordingtoprofession,degreeandappearance.Atthattime,theupperclassornobilityisrepresentedchieflybytheKnightandhisSquire,whichmeansthattheKnighthasthehighestdegreeamongthepilgrims.Theyarenoblefortheirchivalryandth
26、isknightisatrulyperfectgentleknight,whoisrespectedandadmired.TheKnighttellshistragicIovestorywhichwastreasuredbypeopleatthattime.SotheKnightisthefirsttotellatale.Thisshowsthesocialclassatthattime.Secondly,accordingtoChaucersdescription,theKnightisinthefrontoftheotherentirepersons.2. WhatisChaucer4Sc
27、ontributiontotheEnglishlanguage?Key：(1)Chaucerslanguageisvividandexact.Hiswordsareeasytounderstand.(2)HeintroducedfromFrancethe-heroiccoupletIltoEnglishpoetry.(3)ThoughinfluencedbyFrenchandItalianliteraturemodels,ChauceristhefirstpoettowriteinEnglishvernacular,nowcalledMiddleEnglish,whichbearaclosev
28、isualresemblancetotheEnglishwrittenandspokentoday.HisproductionofsomuchexcellentpoetrywasanimportantfactorinestablishingEnglishastheliterarylanguageofthecountry.VI. EssayquestionsLHowdidChaucertScreativeworksreflectthechangesoftheEnglishsocietyinthesecondhalfofthe14thcentury?HowmuchwasChaucerinfluen
29、cedbyforeignauthorssuchasDanteorBoccaccio?Whataresomeofthesignificancesofsuchinfluences?(2(X)7研)Key：(1)Atthattime,thefeudalsystemhadalreadybeguntocrumble.Hiswork,forthefirsttimeinEnglishliterature,createdacomprehensiverealisticpictureofthemedievalEnglishsocietyandawholegalleryofvividcharactersfromal
30、lwalksoflife.Forexample,hismasterpieceTheCanterburyTalesisacollectionofstoriestoldbyagroupofpilgrimsontheirwaytoCanterburywhoarefromallwalksoflife.Hischaracterizationisveryvividandthetruesideofsocietyatthattimeisrevealed.(2)DanteandBoccaccionotonlyhaddirectinfluenceonChaucerspoeminformandcontent,but
31、alsoonhisvalues.Sincethen,hisliteraryactivitiesturnedintoanactiveandcreativephasewhichismarkedbyhistwolongpoems,TheHouseofFameandTroilusandCriseyde.Chaucermainlywrotethreelongerpoemsusingtheheroicstanzaofsevenlines.Fromtheperspectiveofnewlycitizenclass,heheldpositiveattitudetowardsloveandindividualh
32、appinessandrejectedfeudalismandreligiousabstinence.G)ChaucertspoetrypavesthewayfortheliteratureofEnglishRenaissance.Chaucerspoemmarksanewstepintheauthorsprogresstomaturityandisdistinguishedforitsprofounddelineationofcharactersandtruthfuldescriptionofhumanrelations.Chaucerchosethemetricalpoetrywhichl
33、aidthefoundationoftheEnglishtonico-syllabicverse.HedidmuchinmakingthedialectofLondon.2CompareChaucersTheCanterburyTaleswithOldEnglishpoetryandtheworksofotherMiddleEnglishpoetstoillustratethatChauceristhefirstrealisticwriterinEnglishliterature.Key：(1)TheOldEnglishpoetryisspecificallyChristian,devoted
34、toreligioussubjects.Moreimportantly,itisalmostallintheheroicmodeduetothegreatinfluenceoftheheroicideal,i.e.Beowulfistheidealofkinglybehavior.TheidealizedherofigurespredominantlyinOldEnglishliterature.(2) MiddleEnglishromancegenerallyconcernstheknight.Itmakesliberaluseoftheimprobable,oftenofthesupern
35、atural.(3) ReligiouswritingreflectstheunchangingprinciplesofmedievalChristiandoctrine,whichlookedtotheworldtocomefortheonlyanswertomen4stroubles.WilliamLanglandsPiersthePlowmanreflectsthegreatreligiousandsocialissuesofhisday,yetitiswrittenintheformofadreamvision.(4) ItisChauceralonewho,forthefirstti
36、meinEnglishliterature,presentstousacomprehensiverealisticpictureoftheEnglishsocietyofhistimeandcreatesawholegalleryofvividcharactersfromallwalksoflifeinhismasterpieceTheCanterburyTales.2章答案Hamlet1. Whysleepissofrightening,accordingtoHamlet,sinceitcan-endIl-theheartacheandthethousandnaturalshocksIl?K
37、ey:Deathmeanstheendoflife.Ifhedies,hemaygotoanunknownworldandcannevercomeback.Inthissense,mletcannottakerevengeonhisuncleforhisfather,failingtorealizehiswill.Though-sleepIlcanendtheheartacheandthethousandnaturalshocks,itisastateofmindthatHamletdoesn*tknowatall.Heisfrightenedbythepossiblesufferingint
38、helong-dreamIl.Hecan4tpredictwhatwillhappeninthesleep,maybegoodmaybeevil.2. Whywouldpeopleratherbearallthesufferingsoftheworldinsteadofchoosingdeathtogetridofthem,accordingtoHamlet?Key:AccordingtoHamlet,becausepeopledontknowwhatslyingtherewaitingforthemintheunknownworld,maybesomethingmoreterribletha
39、nthatinthemortalworld.3. What,afterall,makespeoplelosetheirdeterminationtotakeaction?Pleaseexplaininrelationtotheso-calledhesitationofHamlet.Key:Itisthefearfortheunknownworldafterdeathandthelackofconfidenceforthefuturethatmakepeoplelosedeterminationtotakeaction.Hamletdoesn*tknowwhatwouldhappenifheki
40、llshisuncleorkillshimself,soheishesitated.However,Hamlet4Shesitationshouldbeseenfromadifferentpointofview.Themainreasonliesinhisconcernforhisnation.Hamletisatrueman.Hewantstochangethedarkexistingworld,butitisbeyondhisability,sohehasnoideawhatheshoulddo.Heknowshisdeathcantsolvetheproblemsdeeplyrooted
41、inthesociety.SohehesitatedaboutwhatheshoulddoastheprinceofDenmark.Hisrevengeisnoteverythingforhim.Andheclearlyknowsthatthesuddendeathofkingmaycausesomedisordersinthecountry.Thusheisconfusedabouthisaction.RorneoandJuliet1. WhatdoesRomeocompareJuliettointhebeginningpassageoftheselection?Key:Romeocompa
42、resJuliettothesun.2. WhatisRomeoandJuliettSattitudetowardbeingaMontagueoraCapulet?Key:Theythinkthatsincetheirfamilynameshinderthemfromlovingeachother,theypreferthatthenamesMontagueandCapuIethavenothingtodowiththemselvesandevengivethemup.3. WhatdoesRomeomeanwhenhesays-Lookthoubutsweet,/AndIamproofaga
43、insttheirenmityIl?Key:ItmeansthatRomeolovesJulietsomuchthathethinksthattheIovecanprotecthimfromharmanddissolvethehatredbetweentheirfamilies.-Sonnet18Il1. Howdoesthepoetanswerthequestionheputsforthinthefirstline?Key:Thepoetthinksthatheshouldnot-comparetheetoasummersdayIl,because-Thouartmorelovelyandm
44、oretemperateIl.And,inthefollowingpart,hegiveshisreasons.2. Whatmakesthepoetthinkthat-thouIlcanbemorebeautiful（fair）thansummerandimmortal?Key:Becausethepoetthinksthat-thyeternalsummershallnotfadeIlfortheywillbepreservedandperpetuatedinthelineshewrites.2章练习题1 .Fillintheblanks.1Shakespearesauthenticnon
45、-dramaticpoetryconsistsoftwoand154.（国际关系学院2009研）【答案】longpoems；sonnets【解析】莎士比亚的作品除了戏剧之外，还包括两首长诗（-%nusandAdonisIl及-TheRapeofLucreceIl）和154首十四行诗。2 Cordeliaisacharacterin.（大连外国语2007研）【答案】KingLear【解析】Cordelia是莎士比亚著名悲剧李尔王中的李尔王最小的女儿。3 ,andaregenerallyregardedasShakespearesfourgreattragedies.（南开大学2007研）【答案】
46、Hamlet；MacbethOthello；KingLear【解析】莎士比亚的四大悲剧是哈姆雷特、麦克白、奥赛罗和李尔王。4 Shakcspcare4Splayshavebeentraditionallydividedintofourcategoriesaccordingtodramatictype:histories,tragediesand.【答案】comedies；romances【解析】莎士比亚的戏剧主要可以分为四种：历史剧、喜剧、悲剧和传奇剧。5 -SometimetoohotIheeyeOfheavenshinesIlisalinetakenfrom-Sonnet18IlbyWil
47、liamShakespeare.Theunderlinedphraserefersto.（首师大2008研）【答案】thesun【解析】“天空的眼睛”指的是太阳。此句意为：有时候阳光过于炽烈。6 InWilliamShakespearetS-Sonnet18Il,thespeakercompareshisbelovedtothesummerseason,andinthelasttwolines（-Solongasmencanbreatheoreyescansee/Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetotheeIl）,writteninarhymed,hestate
48、sthathisbelovedwillliveineternitythrough-thisIl,whichrefersto.（天津外国语2011研）【答案】heroiccouplet；poem【解析】诗句为莎士比亚十四行诗第18首的最后两句。全诗由三组五步抑扬格的四行诗节（quatrains）和一组英雄偶句诗（heroiccouplet）组成，英雄偶句诗指两行五个抑扬格的押韵的诗体。诗中，作者认为你（情人/朋友）的不朽恰好来自诗人美丽的诗篇。7 AuthorTitle（南京大学2008研）ThebrightnessofhercheekwouldshamethosestarsAsdaylightdothalamp;hereyesinheavenWouldthroughtheairyregionstreamsobrightThatbirdswouldsingandthinkitwerenotnight.【答案】Author:WilliamShakespeare；Title:Rome
