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1、大学英语四级作文,四级考试中，作文最难拿分的原因:,一、作文是一项综合考察的项目，既考察学生对词汇、语法的掌握情况，也考察句型、篇章的能力； 二、有的考生过分自信，认为只要写足字数，大体写一写，就能得个八、九分；三、有的考生过于缺乏自信，觉得这个部分太综合了，平时也懒得写，考试时能写到哪儿就写到哪儿，结果造成了“活马当作死马医”，自然是“医死”了。,作文最低分的规定,（1）根据学生目前的作文分均值，将作文的最低分定为6分； （2）作文分为0分，总分若高于60分，最后报分一律按59分不及格处理；若低于60分则报分时一律再减6分； （3）作文分大于0分，小于6分，则按下面的公式计算成绩： 最后报导
2、分=原计算总分-6分+实得作文分,例1：原计算总分为63分，实得作文分为2分，最后报导分=63-6+2=59分。例2：原计算总分为80分，实得作文分为4分，最后报导分=80-6+4=78分。例3：原计算总分为58分，实得作文分为2分，最后报导分=58-6+2=54分。,评分标准,1. 短文写作部分满分为15分。2. 阅卷标准共分五等:14分、11分、8分、5分、及2分。各有参照卷一至二份。3. 阅卷人员根据阅卷标准,对照参照卷评分,若认为与某一分数(如8分)相似,即定为该分数(即8分)；若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数,则可加一分(即9分)或减一分(即7分)，但不得加或减半分。,2分：条理不清，思路紊
3、乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。5分：基本切题，表达思想不够清楚，连贯性差，有较多的严重语言错误。8分：基本切题，表达思想比较清楚，文章尚连贯，但语言错误较多，其中有少量的严重错误。,11分：切题，表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14分：切题，表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好，基本上无语言错误。字数不够扣分。（各段已给出的主题句均不得计入）段落不够扣分。,四级考试作文 作文题型,纵览历年的作文试题，我们可以发现论说文占绝大多数，但近年应用文有上升的势头。就话题而言，主要有三大类：社会热门话题、校园话题和日常生活话题。,四级考试作文写作常识,一、 基本的写作步
4、骤: 在四级考试（包括其它水平考试）的写作中，通常进行以下五个步骤：审题、选材、腹稿（包括提纲和正文）、书写、修改。,二、文章的衔接与连贯,在评分标准中，同是否扣题同样重要的是文章的连贯性。往往有的文章扣题倒也扣题了，但还是得不了几分，这其中的原因恐怕与连贯性有很大的关系。 这里所说的连贯有两两层含义。一是指文章在内容上是连贯、统一的，文章中所有的句子都是为全文的中心服务的。就各段而言，其中的每一句话都要紧紧围绕着该段的主题句进行，不能说与主题句无关的东西。有人也将其称为统一性。,不同类型作文的写作方法,共同原则: 1. 中心第一;2. 注意分段; 3. 注意比例.,表示列举的方法 First
5、 of all/Above all, secondly, moreoverIn the first place, in the second place, furthermore/whats moreTo begin(start) with, secondly, in additionFor one thing, for another thing, for still another thing,表示举例说明的过渡语,For example, for instance, for one thing, to illustrate, as an illustration, a case in p
6、oint, Lets take as an example. Take for example. is a typical example of is a typical/proper case in point.,表示递进关系的过渡语,In addition, furthermore, moreover, besides, also, whats moreNot only, but also, similarly, Another is is another is also a factor.,表示对比对照的过渡语,In contrast, by contrast, on the other
7、 hand,in comparison, on the contrary, unlike, like, contrary to, whereas, while, conversely, differ/vary greatly/vastly fromDifferent from,表示因果关系的过渡语,Because of, on account of, due to, owing to, thanks to, for, because, since, as, for this reasonTherefore, so, as a result, consequently, in consequen
8、ce, accordingly, hence, thusThe reasons why/for are/lie in results in result from,表示结论的过渡语,To sum up, to conclude, to summarizeIn sum, in summary, in conclusion, in all, in a word, in short, in briefSo, therefore, thusWe can come to the conclusion that A conclusion can be reached that,表示转折的过渡语,Thoug
9、h, although, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, even thoughLets look at the other side of the coin.As everything has two sides, we should not neglect the other side of the coin.Just as there are two sides of a coin,.,归纳总结概括全文，得出结论,All in allIn a word As for me In my opinionPersonally, I think /beli
10、eveAs far as I am concerned,作文模板（A or B）,模板1：1 Different people have different views on 事物/问题。2Some prefer 一种观点/选择。3 Others tend to 另一种观点/选择。4 As to me, I agree to the first/second opinion.,5 Of course, “我” 不赞同的观点/选择的合理性。6For example, 支持其合理性的例子。7 But, 我不赞同观点/选择的不足。8 The following reasons can account
11、 for my preference.,9 One of the main reasons is that 我的观点/选择一。10 A good example to illustrate is that 支持一的例子。11 In addition, 我的观点/选择二。12 To conclude, 重申观点/选择。,模板二,1There is no complete agreement among people consider事物或问题。2 Some people consider that 一种观点或选择。3However, others think that 另一种的观点或选择。,4
12、Some people may say that 观点一理由。5 They hold this opinion because 深入的阐述观点一的理由。6 However, others believe that 观点二或选择二的理由。7 They argue that 深入阐述观点二的理由。,8 Personally, I prefer the former/latter opinion/choice. 9 Firstly, 我的理由一。10 Secondly， 我的理由二。11. Most important of all, 我的理由三。12. Taking the above-menti
13、oned into consideration, I/we may reasonably conclude that 重申观点/选择。,模板三,1 When asked about/ When it comes to 事物/问题， different people will offer different opinions. 2 Some people take it for granted that 观点一。3 In their opinion, 观点一的理由。4 Besides, 观点一的理由二。,5 However，other hold that 观点二/选择二。6 They maint
14、ain that 观点二/选择二的理由一。7 And 观点二/选择二的理由二。,8Weighing up these two arguments, I am for the first opinion/choice. 9 For one thing/ On the one hand, 我的理由一。10. For another/On the other hand, 我的理由二。11 For instance, 举例说明理由二。12 Therefore, as stated above, 重申理由。,常用句式,1. There is a general discussion nowadays o
15、n the problem of Some argue/hold that, but other set forth a totally different argument about the issue.,2. In reaction to the phenomenon/ in answer to the problem/ in response to the on-going social change, some people believe, in their minds, Others maintain, in their eyes,3. Personally, I side wi
16、th the former/latter opinion.4 I am of the opinion that priority should be given to 5 In conclusion, it is clear that6 There is a striking contrast between7It may be briefly summed up as follows.8. From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that ,Your assignment today!,Directi
17、ons: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic College Lectures or Discussions? You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline below:,1 有些学生认为大学里的教学方式应该是用讲授式2 另一些学生认为应该用讨论式的教学方式3 我的看法,现象解释型,1总体现象has brought into focus./总体现象, which ha
18、s roused great concern. /Recently, the problem of 现象has become the focus of the public concern. 2 Nowadays, 现象表现或变化. 3 In addition, 进一步阐述现象. 4 The reasons for this phenomenon are varied./ There are many different factors deciding 该现象或其相关情况./该现象has a great effect on 影响的主要对象。,5 Among all these reasons
19、/factors/effects, 原因一plays a critical role. 6 具体阐述原因一. 7. Moreover，原因二. 8 Besides, 原因三。 9 Therefore，最终结果或影响。10. As far as I am concerned/ As to me, 我的观点/态度/做法. 11 Furthermore/Besides, 进一步说明. 12 In a word, 总结全文。,常用句式,1 There may be a combination of factors which contribute to/are responsible for/ exp
20、lain2. Its not easy/simple task to offer the reasons for this phenomenon which involves more than one complicated factor.,3 Among all the important/convincing reasons for, one should be emphasized.,2007/12What Elective to Choose,1 各大学开设了各种各样的选修课2.学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课3. 以你自己为例。,观点论证型,1. It is true that
21、普遍的不适当的观点和做法。2 However, 不同的观点和做法。3 I think, 我的观点。4 My reasons for this point can be listed as follows.,5 Firstly,论据一。6进一步说明论据一。7.Secondly, 论据二。 8 For example, 支持理由二的事例。9 Thirdly，论证理由三。10 A case in point is that支持理由三的事例。,11 It goes without saying that 重申观点。12 Therefore, 与该观点相符的做法和态度。,Due Attention sh
22、ould Be Given to Spelling,1 如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写。2 出现这种现象的原因。3 为了改变这种状况，我认为。,问题解决型,1It is well-known that 相关背景。2现象一。3现象二。,4 There are many facts accounting for 该问题。/Great attention should be paid to the fact that 该问题is causing great harm.5 On the one hand, 危害一。6 危害二。7 Therefore, it is high time that 解决
23、问题。,8 First of all, 方法一。9进一步阐述方法一。10 Secondly，方法二。11Thirdly，方法三。12 Only in this way can we 解决问题。,1 Recently, there has been a heated discussion that 不良现象或问题。2It is obviously that 危害一。3 Additionally，危害二。4 Therefore，how to 解决问题is worth our great attention,5 On the one hand, 方法一。6 进一步阐述方法。7 On the othe
24、r hand, 方法二。 8 For example, 支持方法二的例子。9 In addition, 方法三。,10 In fact, more than three ways can be adopted to deal with the problem.11 As to me, 我的思考或看法。12 Undoubtly，it is necessary that 根本途径。,1 It is important that effective actions should be taken to prevent the situation.2. There is little doubt th
25、at serious attention must be called to ,3 There is no immediate solution to the problem of ,but the general awareness of the neccessity of might be the first step.,4 In order to make our world a better place in which we live, we should make great effort to5. To conclude, we can see the best way is 6Following these methods may not guarantee the success in solution to , but the payoff will be worth the effort.,7 We should try our best to overcome the difficulty that 8. A great change will certainly be produced in,Thank you!,
