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1、Skills for Banked Cloze,Contents,题型要求,1,解题步骤,2,Click to add Title,Click to add Title,4,题型要求,四级必考，六级选考一篇文章，十个空格十五个备选（无需改变形式）阅读能力词汇量语法知识,通读全文是用较快速度，一行一行地读，目的是把握至少90% 的文章内容。这大概就用1分钟时间。 选词填空后面的选项词义互不关联，词性也不同，而且还有5个干扰项，一定要先了解文章大意，带着文章脉络去找选项。所以，务必先沉着地把文章读一遍，尤其注意gap 前后的位置，为寻找正确选项打下铺垫。选词填空短文的第一句对全文的内容有概括提示作
2、用，所以一定要认真看懂第一句，而且反复出现的词也是帮助考生掌握文章大致内容的重要线索。,选词填空的解题步骤,第一步：通读全文read through,提醒：通读就是根据首段原则以及首末句原则，迅速抓出文章的主题。判定文章主题对于篇章的整体把握具有很大的积极意义。,第二步：整理选项classify the options,整理选项。大概花费1分钟，即辨别每个单词词性的时间为4秒/词。分别标出15个备选项的词性，比如在名词旁标注n.，在动词旁写上v.，形容词旁标注adj.，副词旁写上adv.等。目前四级考试只考实词（notional words）中的四种：名词n、动词v、形容词adj、副词adv；
3、 （不考代词和数词；也不考虚词（冠词art, 介词prep, 连词conj, 感叹词interj） ）,特点：四种实词中，考的最少的是副词adv, 不超过两个空。剩下的三种平均每次有三道题。根据真题，动词一直是考三个。另外三种词性，有两个的，也有四个的。,3. 动词归类要细分为v，v-ed, v-ing。因为一个空可以填动词，但填原形还是过去式还是-ing形式要自己根据语法判断。,标注词性时注意的问题,此外,以-ing, -ed 结尾的词也可能是分词转变而来的形容词，如holding做动词：Shes holding her mothers hand.做形容词：holding company (
4、控股公司)；再如acquired做动词：academic skills he acquired.做形容词：a newly acquired jacket (新买的夹克)。,1. 不认识的单词看词缀,2. 认识的单词要注意词性的单一性和多样性 比如：有的词display, concern, challenge做名词 和做动词都很常见.这时两个都要标出来，先标你脑子里第一个出现的词性。,1)动词的确定：动词最容易确定，因为一个句子没有动词就等于没有谓语，是很明显的缺陷。而且动词的关联性、可比性最差，选这个和选那个有天壤之别。,判断原文空缺处所需单词的词性，缩小正确选项范围,如何判断原文空缺处所需单
5、词的词性：,1.In particular, when older patients _ of pain， they were told it was a natural part of aging and they would have to learn to live with it. (complain)2.The rainfall is increased across South America， _ floods to Peru. (bring)3.Thats why a growing number of hospitals now depend upon physicians
6、who _ in pain medicine、(specialize),a）前后都是名词短语，中间一般为动词（时态看前后文）; b) 一个句子有且只有一个谓语动词;c）一个完整的句子之后再跟逗号，后面一般是非谓语动词短语。,2)名词的确定：,The hot, humid (潮湿的) air over the ocean causes severe a thunderstorms.（可能是形容词，也可能是名词修饰thunderstorms）Education soon became a _ .(nightmare)As the trade winds lessen in (strength),如
7、何判断原文空缺处所需单词的词性：,名词主要做主语、宾语;b. 形容词或名词都可以修饰名词;c. 限定词（the, this, that, a, my之类）后必有名词;d. 谓语动词前必有名词或名词性质的主语e. 介词后面必有名词或相当与名词的词.f.定语从句前面是名词,4)副词的确定：,3)形容词的确定：,1名词的前面。 women are customers.,2副词的后面。 El Nino brought the most weather in modern history.,3句子的前面。Not , the jury found them both guilty.,2形容词的前面。but
8、 they are still not sure what leads to it,1动词的附近（指前面或后面）。students outperform their peers jobs that used to be done by women,如何判断原文空缺处所需单词的词性：,Example,The flood of women into the job market boosted economic growth and changed U.S. society in many ways. Many in-home jobs that used to be done (1)_ by w
9、omenranging from family shopping to preparing meals to doing(2)_workstill need to be done by someone. Husbands and children now do some of these jobs, a(3)_that has changed the target market for many products. Or a working woman may face a crushing “poverty of time“ and look for help elsewhere , cre
10、ating opportunities for producers of frozen meals, child care centers, dry cleaners, financial services, and the like. Although there is still a big wage(4)_between men and women, the income working women(5)_them new independence and buying power. For example, women now(6)_about half of all cars. No
11、t long ago, many cars dealers(7)_women shoppers by ignoring them or suggesting that they come back with their husbands. Now car companies have realized that women are(8)_customers. Its interesting that some leading Japanese car dealers were the first to(9)_pay attention to women customers. In Japan,
12、 fewer women have jobs or buy cars the Japanese society is still very much maleoriented. Perhaps it was the(10)_contrast with Japanese society that prompted American firms to pay more attention to women buyers.A）scale B）retailed C）generate D）extreme E）technically F）affordable G）situation H）really I）
13、potential J）gap K）voluntary L）excessive M）insulted N）purchase O）primarily,解题步骤,将15个单词按词性归类,阅读文章，弄清楚空格中所需单词的词性,根据上下文，在相应词类中找出合适的词,通读全文，检查所填的词是否具有逻辑性,Step 1:词性归类,A)scale,B)retailed,C）generate,V-ed,n.,v.,G）situation J）gap N）purchase,M) insulted,N）purchase,adv.,adj.,E）technically,F）affordable,H）really,O
14、)primarily,I）potential,K）voluntary,L）excessive,D)extreme,Example,The flood of women into the job market boosted economic growth and changed U.S. society in many ways. Many in-home jobs that used to be done (1)_ by womenranging from family shopping to preparing meals to doing(2)_workstill need to be
15、done by someone. Husbands and children now do some of these jobs, a(3)_that has changed the target market for many products. Or a working woman may face a crushing “poverty of time“ and look for help elsewhere , creating opportunities for producers of frozen meals, child care centers, dry cleaners,
16、financial services, and the like. Although there is still a big wage(4)_between men and women, the income working women(5)_them new independence and buying power. For example, women now(6)_about half of all cars. Not long ago, many cars dealers(7)_women shoppers by ignoring them or suggesting that t
17、hey come back with their husbands. Now car companies have realized that women are(8)_customers. Its interesting that some leading Japanese car dealers were the first to(9)_pay attention to women customers. In Japan, fewer women have jobs or buy cars the Japanese society is still very much maleorient
18、ed. Perhaps it was the(10)_contrast with Japanese society that prompted American firms to pay more attention to women buyers.A）scale B）retailed C）generate D）extreme E）technically F）affordable G）situation H）really I）potential J）gap K）voluntary L）excessive M）insulted N）purchase O）primarily,adv.,adj.,n
19、.,n.,v.,v.,V-ed.,adj.,adv.,adj.,Example,The flood of women into the job market boosted economic growth and changed U.S. society in many ways. Many in-home jobs that used to be done (1)_ by womenranging from family shopping to preparing meals to doing(2)_workstill need to be done by someone. Husbands
20、 and children now do some of these jobs, a(3)_that has changed the target market for many products. Or a working woman may face a crushing “poverty of time“ and look for help elsewhere , creating opportunities for producers of frozen meals, child care centers, dry cleaners, financial services, and t
21、he like. Although there is still a big wage(4)_between men and women, the income working women(5)_them new independence and buying power. For example, women now(6)_about half of all cars. Not long ago, many cars dealers(7)_women shoppers by ignoring them or suggesting that they come back with their
22、husbands. Now car companies have realized that women are(8)_customers. Its interesting that some leading Japanese car dealers were the first to(9)_pay attention to women customers. In Japan, fewer women have jobs or buy cars the Japanese society is still very much maleoriented. Perhaps it was the(10
23、)_contrast with Japanese society that prompted American firms to pay more attention to women buyers.1. O primarily 2. K voluntary 3. G situation4 J gap 5. C generate 6. N purchase7. M insulted 8. I potential 9. H really10. D extreme,adv.,adj.,n.,n.,v.,v.,V-ed.,adj.,adv.,adj.,词缀附表：,1. 名词后缀 1)-or/er/e
24、ss/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物：worker, debtor ,actress, democrat,2)-acy, 表示性质，状态，境遇 democracy, accuracy, diplomacy3)-ance, -ence表示性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度” importance, diligence, difference, obedience4)-ancy, -ency, 表示性质，状态，行为，过程 frequency, urgency, efficiency,5)-bility, 表示动作，性质，状态 possibility, flexibility, feas
25、ibility,6)-dom, 表示等级，领域，状态 freedom, kingdom, wisdom7)-hood, 表示资格，身份, 年纪，状态 childhood, manhood, falsehood8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示行为的过程，结果，状况 action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction9)-ism, 表示制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为 socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism10)-ity, 表
26、示性质，状态，程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity11)-ment, 表示行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument12)-ness, 表示性质，状态，程度 goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness13)-ship, 表示情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业” hardship, membership, friendship14)-th, 表示动作，性质，过程，状态 depth, wealth, truth, lengt
27、h, growth15)-tude, 表示性质，状态，程度 latitude, altitude(海拔)16)-ure, 表示行为，结果 exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续)，17-grapy, 表示学，写法” biography, calligraphy, geography18)-ic, ics, 表示学法 logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics 19)-ology, 表示学论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)20)-nomy, 表示学术 astronomy, e
28、conomy, bionomy(生态学),2. 形容词后缀(1)带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible2)名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish(注意accomplish, vanish)3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive4)-like, manlike, childlike5)名词-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly6)-some, troublesome, handsome7)-ful, beautiful, wonde
29、rful, helpful, truthful8)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various9)-ent, violent10)-most, foremost, topmost(11)less, 表示否定，countless, stainless, wireless,3. 动词后缀1)-ize, ise, 表示做成，变成，化“modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize2)-en, 表示使成为，引起，使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden3)-fy, 表示使化, 使成”b
30、eautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify4)-ish, 表示使，令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish5)-ate, 表示“成为，处理，作用” separate, operate, indicate,4. 副词后缀 (形容词)-ly：badbadly坏地/恶劣地，carefulcarefully小心地 -wise(OE)：clockclockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地)；likelikewise同样地 -wards：outoutwards向外面地，northnorthwards向北方地 来源,Thank You !,
