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1、检索范围：中国学术期刊全文数据库、万方数据资源检索策略：建筑and 生态or节能 时间限制：2005年1月7月检索结果：中西方建筑节能比较关键词：建筑节能节能方法比较本文从建筑节能的观点出发，介绍了我国建筑节能的现状以及西方国家在建筑节能的方面新方法和新策略，并对两者进行比较，分析我国建筑节能方面的差距以及今后发展的方向。国外建筑节能的发展：（一）英国的房屋约1/7归市政局和房管委掌握，其中95%房屋的屋顶有保温措施，50%的外墙都加了保温墙体，新建房屋都采用双玻窗和保温屋面、墙体和地面。英国几乎一年四季都供暖，供暖全部采用双管供热，每组暖气片都有调节阀，可自由调节供热量。政府每5年修订一次房
2、屋节能标准。住宅大部分都是双玻保温窗。双玻窗有木质、钢质和塑料三种材质，均是中空玻璃。窗户的密封性能、保温性能都非常好，外观也很漂亮，但价格昂贵。此外，住宅地面也有保温要求，楼房走廊房间门，甚至卫生间门都设计有自动关门器。对灯光控制也采取遥控或延控方法减少照明用电。（二）在法国，具体的节能技术有：1)墙体外保温技术，基本作法是在混凝土或砖石墙上覆以下列材料：黏结剂，保温板(一般用难燃的聚苯乙烯板)，基底涂覆层，装修覆面层。聚苯板性能不合要求，或改用聚酯网布，聚氨酯泡沫板等。有的建筑外保温采用玻璃棉毡，用锚固件固定，外面再覆以铝板做饰面。2)墙体内保温技术，不少工程以玻璃棉作为内保温材料，主要作
3、法是采用纸面石膏板与密度为50kg/3的玻璃棉板复合的板材，用胶粘剂点粘在外墙内表面上，板材与地坪交接处则用玻璃棉条塞实。至于高效保温材料的厚度，随当地气候而异，在法国北方采用1215cm，南方采用45cm。3)屋顶保温技术，法国住宅屋顶大都为尖顶，玻璃棉以其质轻，不燃，不蛀，用做屋顶保温层最佳。（三）日本政府十分重视空调技术的节能问题，力求选择出最优的空调方案。此外它从建筑设计角度，对建筑物本身的位置及周围环境作出合理的布局，如在建筑物周围多种树木、草坪，减少地面反射造成的冷负荷：尽量减少相邻建筑外墙反射玻璃等造成的冷负荷：在建筑物两侧设置喷水池也可以减少冷负荷：此外建筑方位也是考虑的因素，
4、最佳方位是南北，其全年的冷、热负荷最小：对于节能来说，建筑本身的长宽比以11为最佳：建筑层数以67层的全年冷热负荷最小：建筑物的出入口，设在下风向为宜，在出入口处以及楼梯口处大都采用空气隔断措施：对于外墙体的保温层应置于外侧，从而减小热桥：外窗面积越小，越有利于节能，窗户一般都设有遮阳台或遮阳帘：采用双层窗，日本现代建筑大都采用铝合金窗，制作严密，对于防止空气渗透问题基本解决。摘自工业建筑2005年02期建筑屋面节能技术关键词：屋面节能倒置式屋面屋面绿化蓄水屋面坡屋面本文论述了中国建筑节能技术正处在发展的初期，建筑能耗很高，能源利用率还很低，我国南方地区在夏季太阳辐射和室外气温的综合作用下，从
5、屋顶传入室内的热量要比从墙体传入室内的热量多得多，因此，建筑屋面的隔热节能尤为重要。论述了倒置式屋面、屋面绿化、蓄水屋面、平改坡等几种屋面节能技术。倒置式屋面：倒置式屋面是与传统屋面相对而言的。所谓倒置式屋面，就是将传统屋面构造中的保温层与防水层颠倒，把保温层放在防水层的上面。倒置式屋面的定义中，特别强调了“憎水性”保温材料，工程中常用的保温材料如水泥膨胀珍珠岩、水泥蛭石、矿棉岩棉等都是非憎水性的，这类保温材料如果吸湿后，其导热系数将陡增，所以才出现了普通保温屋面中需在保温层上做防水层，在保温层下做隔气层，从而增加了造价，使构造复杂化。屋面绿化的保温隔热性能：当平屋面上的找坡层平均厚100mm
6、，再加上覆土厚度为80mm的屋面，其传热系数K1.5W (m2K)，若覆土厚度大于200mm时，其传热系数K1.0W/(m2K)。夏季绿化屋面与普通隔热屋面比较，表面温度平均要低6.3，屋面下的室内温度相比要低2.6。因此，屋顶绿化作为夏季隔热有着显著效果，可以节省大量空调用电量。例如，上海夏季空调的负荷最高值1048万KVA(最高气温时)，一般负荷600万KVA(11月份)，而上海的发电能力约为800万KVA，电力谷峰差的缺口要靠外地输入。提高建筑物的隔热功能，可以节省电能耗20%。对于屋面冬季保温，采用轻质种植土，如80%的珍珠岩与20%的原土，再掺入营养剂等，其密度小于650kg/m3，
7、导热系数取值为0.24W/(mK)，基本覆土厚度为220mm，可计算出K值=20050101 Title=(building) or Title=( ecology or energy saving) DATE=20050101Search from： EI、ISTP、INSPEC、ELSEVIER、EBSCOResult：An Ideal Window Area concept for energy efficient integration of daylight and artificial light in buildingsKeywords:Energy savings on lig
8、hting; Daylight; Daylight factors; Computer simulationAbstract: There have been many developments in energy efficiency in buildings in the last few decades, but many new buildings are still not designed whereby daylight is efficiently integrated with the artificial lighting system. In cases where th
9、ere is integration, the potential for energy savings to be made on lighting is not always assessed. This paper presents a methodology to predict the potential for energy savings on lighting using an Ideal Window Area concept when there is effective daylight integration with the artificial lighting s
10、ystem. The methodology was developed by using rooms of ten different dimensions and five different room ratios. The energy analysis work was performed using the VisualDOE programme for the climatic conditions of Leeds, in the UK, and Florianpolis, in Brazil. Following this, the potential for lightin
11、g energy savings was assessed for each room using a method based on Daylight Factors. It was observed that the potential for energy savings on lighting in Leeds ranged from 10.8% to 44.0% over all room sizes and room ratios for an external illuminance of 5000lux; and in Florianpolis, the potential r
12、anged between 20.6% and 86.2% for an external illuminance of 10000lux. The methodology presented can be applied to any location around the world.Source: Building and Environment Vol: 40, Issue: 1, January, 2005 pp. 51-61Measured performance of 12 demonstration projectsIEA Task 13 “advanced solar low
13、 energy buildings”Keywords: IEA Task 13; Advanced solar low energy buildings; Energy consumptionAbstract: This paper presents the results obtained from measurements and experiences gained from interviews on 12 advanced solar low energy houses designed and built as part of the International Energy Ag
14、ency (IEA) Solar Heating and Cooling ProgrammeTask 13. Three years after the IEA Task 13 formally ended, the results were collected by means of questionnaires sent to the former participants in Task 13. A small IEA working group was responsible for collecting and processing the results. The paper gi
15、ves a brief presentation of the houses and the applied energy saving measures. Measured and expected energy consumptions and indoor climate conditions are compared and differences explained. Special innovative installations and systems are described and evaluated. In general the measured energy cons
16、umption was higher than the expected values due to user influence and unforeseen technical problems but still an energy saving of 60% compared with typical houses was achieved. Prevention of overheating requires special attention also at northern latitudes. Interviews with occupants revealed the nee
17、d to explain the buildings behaviour thoroughly to its users and elaboration of user manuals.Source: Energy and Buildings Vol: 37, Issue: 2, February, 2005Application of the Building Environmental Performance Model (BEPM) in Hong KongKeywords: Building Environmental Performance Model (BEPM); Thermal
18、 comfort; Indoor air quality; Energy savingAbstract: Since the energy crisis of 1973, engineers have endeavoured to implement energy conservation in buildings. Unfortunately, their efforts have often resulted in energy saving which ignores the fundamental delivery of indoor satisfaction. Hence, eith
19、er energy is conserved sacrificing indoor environmental quality (IEQ), or additional energy is consumed for the cooling of occupancy space. These misconceptions have prompted the development of an integrated design and operation protocol based on a so-called Building Environmental Performance Model
20、(BEPM).The Building Environmental Performance Model links the IEQ and the building energy consumption together. It treats a building as a system. Energy consumption in the building services systems is the input to this system with the IEQ as the output. The BEP model incorporates two main modules: an adaptive comfort temperature control module (ACT) and a new CO2 demand control module (nDCV). These two modules (ACT and nDCV) take an innovative approach and help maintain satisfaction levels as well as optimum energy con
