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1、AUSTRALIA,Australia,“The Land Down Under”,Australia is called the “Land Down Under” because it is the only continent with a population entirely below the equator,Australia,Like Canada and New Zealand, Australia is a part of the British CommonwealthGovernment : Federal Constitutional Monarchy under P
2、arliamentary DemocracyThe Queen of England is the official Head of StateCurrent Prime Minister: Julia GillardCapital: CanberraLargest City: SydneyPopulation: 21,874,900 (2009)Climate: Semi-arid (dry), tropical in north,Julia Gillard,27th Prime MinisterMember of Labor PartyFirst female Prime Minister
3、,The Government is Separated into Three Parts:Parliament (Legislative) makes lawsThe Federal Executive Council, Prime Minister, and Ministers of State (Executive) approves laws3. The High Court of Australia (Judicial) judges laws,Parliament of Australia Consists of Three Parts:1.The Queen (represent
4、ed by Parliaments Governor-General)2. The House of Representatives 3. The Senate,Brief Timeline,40,000 years: Australian Aborigines1606: First Europeans (Dutch, Willem Janszoon)1770: First British (James Cook)1788-1867: Australia as a British penal colony (New South Wales)1901: Australia as a Common
5、wealth Country 1931: Australia with a more independent government 1966: Government entirely independent of U.K.,Prior to colonization by the British, it is believed that Australiahad been inhabited for over 40, 000 years by several groupsof indigenous peoples. These populations are generally referre
6、d to as Aborigines and now only constitute about2% of the countrys population.,Although the Dutch were the first Europeans to exploreAustralia, the area was first colonized by the British inthe late 1700s. New South Wales was the first BritishColony established on January 26, 1788.,For this reason,A
7、ustralians celebrateJanuary 26 as theirNational Day.,When the Europeans arrived, they clashed with the local people and killed many of them. Diseases and the introduction of foreign plants also threatened the original peoples and environment.,In 1770, Captain James Cook landed in Australia and claim
8、ed the island for the British empireThe first colonies in Australia were established as penal coloniesA penal colony is an area settled for the purpose of transporting criminals rather than putting them in prison,During the last half of the 19th century, Australians began working towards independenc
9、e from the British empire and the Australian colonies established the Commonwealth of Australia on January 1, 1901.,As Australian nationalism rose during the second halfof the 1800s, so did racism. The discovery of gold in Australia had brought many immigrants and once theCommonwealth of Australia w
10、as established a policy ofWhite Australia limiting “non-white” immigration waspracticed until 1975.,Early days of the Australian military,Australians fought in the First World War as part of the British army.The attack on Gallipoli, then part of the Ottoman Empire, was the first major military actio
11、n by Australian and New Zealand armies.,Continued Independence,In the years that followed the First World War, the United Kingdom issued the 1931 Statute of Westminster, granting Australia greater constitutional independenceIn 1966, the Australia Act was passed, making the Australian government inde
12、pendent of the United KingdomQueen Elizabeth II and any subsequent UK monarchs are to serve as the monarch of Australia but with no actual political power.,Canberra,Sydney,Religion,The majority of Australians are Christian of some denominationThe Aborigines are called “the People of the Dreaming”, p
13、racticing a religion and lifestyle according to the myths of their people (“dreamtime”). See page 244-245,Australian Customs,Greetings are generally informal. Common greeting from Australians is “Gday, mate” (“good day”, meaning “hello”)People are generally humble about their accomplishmentsSometime
14、s people bring their own food to cook-outs,Vegemite Sandwich,Vegemite is a brown paste made from yeast with a salty, slightly bitter taste. It is spread on bread or toast,Australian Music,Music of the Australian Aborigines,Didgeridoo,Pop Music,Men At Work1980s Pop Group,“The Land Down Under”by Men A
15、t Work,Traveling in a fried-out combieOn a hippie trail, head full of zombieI met a strange lady, she made me nervousShe took me in and gave me breakfastAnd she said,Do you come from a land down under?Where women glow and men plunder?Cant you hear, cant you hear the thunder?You better run, you bette
16、r take cover.Buying bread from a man in BrusselsHe was six foot four and full of musclesI said, Do you speak-a my language?He just smiled and gave me a vegemite sandwichAnd he said,I come from a land down underWhere beer does flow and men chunderCant you hear, cant you hear the thunder?You better ru
17、n, you better take cover.Lying in a den in BombayWith a slack jaw, and not much to sayI said to the man, Are you trying to tempt meBecause I come from the land of plenty?And he said,Oh! Do you come from a land down under? (oh yeah yeah)Where women glow and men plunder?Cant you hear, cant you hear th
18、e thunder?You better run, you better take cover.,Keith Urban Modern Country Music Singer, Famous in America,Nicole Kidman - Actress,“The Outback”,The Australian “outback” is the center of the country It is mostly desert. Very few people live there,Australian Animals,Like New Zealand, Australia is known for many rare animals,Kangaroo,Wombat,Koala,Crocodile,Steve Irwin “The Crocodile Hunter”,Horny Devil,Duck-billed Platypus,Echidna (Spiny Anteater),Questions,How is Australia different than New ZealandHow is it similar?What are 3 unique things about Australia compared to other countries?,
