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1、语法专项,-宾语从句,一、宾语从句的概念,宾语从句即用一个句子作主句的宾语，而不再是一个词或短语作宾语。I like my teacher.（名词作宾语)I know him.（代词作宾语）I enjoy playing basketball.(动名词作宾语）I decide to study hard.（不定式作宾语）I know Mr.Li teaches English.(句子作宾语）She asked if the answer was right.(句子作宾语）,Please find the object of each sentence.Which of the followin
2、g sentences has an Object Clause?I will buy a bike.I think Mr Zhang is a very good teacher.He likes meat.She can speak English and French.Mr Smith knew his son made some mistakes.The shop sells different kinds of food.I can see the boys are playing football.We have planted hundreds of trees in the s
3、chool.,这些划线部分都可以用_ 来提问。,what,二、宾语从句三要素,连 接 词,时 态,语 序,（一）连接词,that 连接_2.whether/if 连接_3.代词 who whom whose what which4.副词 when why where how3、4连接_,一般疑问句,一般陈述句,特殊疑问句,注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略,I hear(that)_.(一小时后他会回来）He said(that)_.（他非常想念我们）The teacher told us(that)_.（地球围着太阳转）,he will be back
4、in an hour,he missed us very much,the earth moves around the sun,注意：当从句是客观真理的时候，无论主句什么时态，从句一律用一般现在时,由从属连词whether,if 引导的宾语从句,I want to know _ _.2.Ask him _.3.I wonder _.4.Could you tell me_?,if/whether he will go to the park with us,whether/if he can come,whether it is going to rain or not,if/whether
5、“是否”，常用在ask,wonder,find out can(could)tell me,dont know,dont care等后。,whether/if Mr.Li lives here,只能用whether不能用if的情况,1.在_后面：Im thinking of whether we should go fishing.We are worried about whether it will rain tomorrow.2.在_前：They asked me whether to go skating.,介词,动词不定式,3.当与_连用，Mary asked whether or
6、not I would attend the speech contest.Tell me whether youd like to go shopping or tidy the room.4._时：Whether this is true or not,I cant say.5.当会产生歧义时：Please let me know if you like the book.Please let me know whether you like the book.,or not,提出两种选择,宾语从句提前,或 _时:,1.He asked _.2.Do you know_?3.He aske
7、d_.4.Do you know _?5.Please tell me _.6.Can you tell me _?7.Could you tell me _?,who could answer the question,whom they are waiting for,whose bike was the best in the class,when well have a meeting,where he is,how I can get to the station,why the train is late,由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which,what 和连接副词
8、where,how,why,when引导的宾从,代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。,选择正确的连接词1.Can you tell me_ you were born,Betty?A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that2.I dont know _ they have passed the exam.A.what B.if C.when D.where3.I hardly understand _ he has told me.A.thatB.what C.which D.who4.She didnt know_ back soon.A.whet
9、her he would be B.if would he be C.he will beD.would he whether be5.I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years.A.whetherB where C.what D.when,6.Do you know _ they listened to yesterday?A.what B when C why D how7.He asked me _told me the accident.A whom B which C who D whose8.Peter asked _
10、 dictionary this was.A.whoseB.whos C.whichD.that9.I told him _ was my book.A.whom B.whichC.whoD.whose10.Mum asked me _ I would go shopping with.A.which B.thatC.whereD.whom,（二）语序：陈述句语序,即：主句+连接词+从句（主+谓+其他成分）He asked me when I was going to the book store.,当从句的原句为以下句子以及what,who作主语时，语序不变：Whats wrong?What
11、s the matter?Whats happening?What(has)happened?Which is the way to?Whos over there?Can you tell me who is over there?Do you know who will give us a speech this afternoon?I want to know what can be done about it.,陈述句语序1.They dont know _.A what are their parents B what their parents are C who was thei
12、r parents D that their parent are who2.Please tell me _ last year.A.where does your sister work B.where did your sister work C.where your sister works D.where your sister worked3.She asked me if I knew _.A.whose pen is it B.whose pen it was C.whose pen it is D.whose pen was it,4.You must remember _.
13、A.what your mother said B.what did your mother say C.your mother said what D.what has your mother said5.Did you know _?A.who he was looking after B.who was he looking for C.who he is looking for D.who is he looking after6.Could you tell me _?A.when will they leave for Beijing B.when would they leave
14、 for Beijing C.when they will leave for Beijing D.when did they leave for Beijing,（三）时态(时态一致性）,主句用现在时态，从句可用任何时态（按需要）。I know he is a teacher.I know he was a teacher three years ago.I know he has been a teacher for 3 yearsI know he will be a teacher after graduation.主句用过去时态，从句可用相应的过去时态。但从句说明的是一般真理、客观事
15、实、自然现象、名言时，仍用现在时。I knew he was a teacher.I knew he had been a teacher for 3 years.I knew he would be a teacher after graduation.He told me the earth moves around the sun.,确定从句的时态(根据主句时态),主句时态,从 句 时 态,连 接 前,连 接 后,一般现在时,时态保持不变,一般过去时,一般现在时,一般过去时,一般过去时,一般过去时过去完成时,一般将来时,过去将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成时,过去完成时,过去进行
16、时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去完成时,时态一致练习1.The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them.A.can take B.take C.takes D.would take2.Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou.A.has never gone B.had never gone C.has never been D.had never been3.The students want to know whether they_ a dictation today.A.would ha
17、ve B.has C.will have D.are4.She asked Linda if_ go and get some chalk.A.could she B.she could C.she can D.she may5.Linda said the moon_ round the earth.A.traveled B.has traveled C.travels D.had traveled,The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow.(be)The headmaster hopes everything _ well.(go)Tom says that
18、they _(play)basketball at six oclock yesterday evening.I hear they _(return)it already.He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948.(be)He asked what they _ at eight last night.(do)The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound.(travel)I think you _ about the murder now.(talk),will
19、 be,goes,were playing,have returned,had been,travels,are talking,were doing,时态一致练习,9.I didnt know whom the letters _ from.(be)10.I didnt know what time he _ the letter.(write)11.Mr.Wang told me that the earth _(move)round the sun.12.Could you tell me who _ away the book already?(take)13.Ling Feng to
20、ld me he _ there several times.(be)14.Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east.(rise)15.Can you tell me what they _ yesterday?(do),wrote,moves,has taken,had been,rises,did,were,would write,转述中的人称代词、时间、地点等转换-根据说话时实际情况进行相应转变,Im tired,she said.She said that _ was tired.You play very well,he t
21、old me.He told me that _ played very well.You must hand in your paper tomorrow,the teacher told us.The teacher told us that _ must hand in _ paper _.Mr.Carter asked him,Are your books here?Mr.Carter asked him if _ books were_.,she,I,we,our,his,there,the next day,She said to me,Open the door,please.D
22、ont open the door,please,I said to Tom.,宾语从句改写中的特殊情形,I asked Tom _ _ _the door.,She told me _ _the door.,原句是祈使句，不能用宾语从句改写，而应该用“ask/tell sb.(not)to do sth.”的句式。,to open,not to open,宾语从句与简单句的转换,I dont know how I can answer the question.He hoped to be a basketball player.,I dont know _ _ _the question.
23、,He hoped _ _ _ _ a basketball player.,how to answer,(that)he could be,It isnt going to rain.(I think),宾语从句的否定形式,I dont think it is going to rain.,一般而言，宾语从句的否定式与一般句子的否定式一样。但若主句谓语动词是think、believe、guess、suppose 等表示“认为，猜想”等词时，一般要把宾语从句中的否定式转移到主句中。,(He thinks),He doesnt think it is going to rain.,宾语从句应掌握
24、的要点,1宾语从句中必须用陈述句的语序，即主语+谓语动词+其它成分，句末用句号；但主句为疑问句时，句末用问号。2要注意主句时态和从句时态的呼应。当主句的谓语动词是现在时态时，从句的谓语动词可用任何需要的时态。当主句的谓语动词是过去时态时，从句的谓语动词只能用过去时态范围内的某一种时态。（排除下一条）从句表示普遍真理时，即使主句的谓语动词是过去时，从句的谓语动词也须用一般现在时。3.在think,believe等动词引起的宾语从句中，如果否定的是后面的从句，一般要将主句动词改为否定形式，而从句仍然用肯定式。(否定前置),1.These flowers are from Guangdong.He
25、said.He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong.2.Light(光)goes faster than sound.My teacher told me.My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound.3.There will be a meeting in five days.Jack didnt know.Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.4.Can they speak French?I want to know.I want to
26、know _ _ _ _ French.,that were,that goes,that would be,if they can speak,5.Are the children playing games?Tell me.Tell me _ the children _ _ games.6.Whats his name?I asked him.I asked him what _ _ _.7.How many people can you see in the picture?Who knows?Who knows _ _ _ _ _ _ in the picture?,if are p
27、laying,his name was,how many people you can see,8.Where did she put her car?Do you know?Do you know _ _ _ her car?9.What does he often talk about?The girl wondered.The girl wondered _ _ often _ about.10.Who knocked at the door so loudly?I dont know.I don t know _ _ at the door so loudly.11.Does he s
28、till live in that street?I dont know.I dont know _ he still _ in that street.,where she put,what he talked,who knocked,if lives,12.When does the train arrive?Please tell me.Please tell me _ _ _ _.13.Do they want fried chicken?He asked the boys.He asked the boys _ they _ fried chicken.14.Why didnt yo
29、u come with us to the party？Sue asked Steven.Sue asked Steven _ _ _ _ to the party with them.,when the train arrives,if wanted,why he hadnt gone,将下列句子合并为一句,Where do they stop on the way?I asked.2.What will you say at the meeting?Could you tell me?3.Do they like to go skiing?He asked.4.He is doing hi
30、s homework.He said.5.He will come back.Tom said.,I asked where they stopped on the way.,Could you tell me what you will say at the meeting?,He asked if they liked to go skiing.,He said that he was doing his homework.,Tom said that he would come back.,6.Is she doing her homework?Jim asked.7.When will
31、 he come back?Tom asked.8.How can I get to the station?Could you tell me?9.Why is the train late?Would you tell me?10.Where is Tom?They asked.,Tom asked when he would come back.,Could you tell me how I can get to the station?,Would you tell me why the train is late?,They asked where Tom was.,Jim ask
32、ed if she was doing her homework.,What did Mike say?He said _.A.if you are free the next week B.what colour was it C.the weather is fine D.summer comes after spring2.Let me tell you _.A.how much is the car B.how much does the car cost C.how much did I pay for the car D.how much I spent on the car,3.
33、Peter knew _.A.whether he has finished reading the book B.why the boy had so many questions C.there were 12 months in a year D.when they will leave for Paris4.Could you tell me _?A.who you are waiting for B.where do you live C.who were you waiting for D.where you live in5.She told me the sun _ in th
34、e east.A.rise B.rose C.rises D.had risen,6.I dont know _ up so early last Sunday.A.why did he get C.why does he get B.why he gets D.why he got7.The manager came up to see _.A.what was the matter B.what wrong was C.what the matter is D.whats the matter8.He asked his father _.A.where it happens B.wher
35、e did it happen C.how it happened D.how did it happen,9.No one has told us_,so we need your help.A.how we should do B.what should we do C.how to do it D.what to do it10.Could you please teach me _ the computer.A.how check C.how to check B.how checking D.to how checking11.Where do you think _ he _ the TV set?Sorry,Ive no idea.A./;bought B.has;bought C.did;buy D.did;bought,
