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1、初中英语写作,马鞍山二中 闫 明,初中英语写作,一、句子的写作（简单句类型）二、句子的写作（简单句和复合句）三、段落的写作：主题与拓展四、文章的结构：开头、主体和结尾五、应用文：书信、电子邮件六、应用文：发言稿、通知,七、记叙文：写人、叙事八、说明文：介绍人物、事物的说明文 九、议论文十、图表、图画作文 十一、提示性作文 十二、（半）开放式作文十三、体验中考高分写作（1）十四、体验中考高分写作（2）,前 言,发展学生的英语语言技能，培养学生良好的英语交际能力。听、说、读、写密切联系，相互渗透，互为基础。,中考英语书面表达综述,1、题型目的测试考生的笔头运用，即语法知识、词汇知识掌握的程度及遣词
2、造句和用英语进行思维的能力。2、新课标要求：能根据写作要求，收集准备素材；能独立起草短文短信等；能使用常见的连接词表示顺序和逻辑关系；能简单描述人物或事件；能根据所给图示或表格写出简单的段落或操作说明。,中考英语书面表达综述,3、题型特点（1）指导性/辅助性写作(guided writing)有必要的说明,对写作的目的、对象、时间、地点、内容等情景给予简要的提示（2）足够的发挥余地 4、教学现状布置写作任务学生个人写作教师批改背诵范文 词汇贫乏、搭配不当、句型误用、语法不通、信息不全、条理紊乱、谋篇布局不合理,2019年安徽省中考英语试题中的书面表达,英语课堂上，老师要求学生就“与人相处”的话
3、题展开讨论。请根据以下你所在的小组讨论结果，以“How to get on well with others”为题，写一篇英语短文。Suggestions：Learn to share Respect(尊重)others Communicate with each other My suggestion注意：1、词数 80 100 2、可适当发挥，以使行文连贯；3、文中请勿提及你真实的姓名和学校,One possible version,How to get on well with others As we know,students should learn to get on well
4、with others.But in what ways?First of all,we should respect others.Everyone has their own ways to do things,so we should understand each other.Besides,its important for us to communicate with each other and share happiness and sadness.Whats more,we should be kind to others and offer necessary help t
5、o those who are in trouble.In my opinion,we should treat others in an honest way.Only in this way can we get along well.,中考英语书面表达综述,5、中考书面表达答题步骤 步骤1:认真审题。内容包括：文字信息表格、图标信息步骤2:巧妙构思。利用列提纲确定写作中心、组织/筛检材料。步骤3:信息转换以词及点：连词成句：连句成文：步骤4:检查修改。步骤5:规范抄写。,中考英语书面表达综述,6、案例分析 例题：你班进行了一次综合实践活动。通过活动，同学们收获很大，尤其是李华同学进步最快
6、。请你根据表格内容写一篇关于李华的短文。词数80个左右。,中考英语书面表达综述,参考作文对比，注意划线部分。,中考英语书面表达综述,练习题：通过讨论、分析以下例题，找出写作题材、要点、人称和时态。例题：下面六幅图描述了某日星期三早晨你所经历的一件事。请根据这些图画，用英语写一篇日记。,注意：1.日记须包括所有图画的内容，可以适当增加细节，使其连贯。2.词数：100 左右。,一、句子的写作（简单句类型）,1.写作指导-五种基本句型（1）主语+谓语 My father smokes a lot.Some are dancing,some are singing.（2）主语+连系动词+表语She i
7、s an English teacher.The one in red shirt is my uncle.（3）主语+谓语+宾语He likes learning Chinese.We all donated our pocket money.（4）主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语Mr.Wang teaches us English.I lent her my book.（5）主语+谓语+宾语+宾补I often ask him to help me with my homework.We chose him our monitor.,一、句子的写作（简单句类型）,练习题（一）请将下列词连成句
8、子。（1）walk,supper,shall,we,have,after,a?（2）I,him,my,considered,friend,best.（3）has,homework,he,not,done,his.（4）to,work,finish,we,difficult,the,it,found.,Shall we have a walk after supper?,I considered him my best friend.,He has not done his homework.,We found it difficult to finish the work.,一、句子的写作（简
9、单句类型）,练习题（二）分析句子并改错。（1）There was no people to take care of the children.（2）There are a desk and two chairs in the room.（3）Mr.Wang went to bed until 12 last night.（4）When one have knowledge,he can do what he want to do.（5）When I get to the station the train leave.（6）Could you tell me where shall we m
10、eet tomorrow?（7）Watch TV too much is bad for our eyes.（8）Though we were very tired,but we felt very happy.,were,is,didnt go,has,wants,got,had left,we shall,Watching,一、句子的写作（简单句类型）,2、优秀作文 用优美的语言描写你的学校。要求：请你用英语写一篇短文，词数80左右。短文要求达意、正确、连贯。My School At the foot of the mountain there is a river.By the rive
11、r there is a small school.The school has no tall building.It has only four old houses.Though old,it is funny and interesting.Before the houses there is a wooden yard.Students can play freely there after classes.Behind the houses there is a nut garden.When autumn comes,the nuts are in harvest.They ar
12、e delicious.On the top of a house there stands a big iron bowl.Do you know what it is?It is used to receive TV programs.With its help students can know the world far away.Its amazing,isnt it?This is my school.Please come and see it.,一、句子的写作（简单句类型）,3、必备（背）词句。仿例造句。be crazy about 发狂的喜欢例句：I am really cr
13、azy about Michael Jacksons rocknroll.造句give sb.a hand/give a hand to sb.帮助某人翻译：向危难之人伸出援助之手。the 比较级 the 比较级 越越翻译：你越努力，你进步越大。make(full)use of（充分）利用翻译：我们应该充分利用水。Theres no point in doing sth.做某事无意义、没必要翻译：等待毫无意义。would rather do sth.than do sth.宁愿（可）做 不愿做翻译：我宁愿在家看电视也不愿去看电影。,Give a hand to those(who are)in
14、 trouble.,The harder you work,the greater progress you will make.,We should make full use of water.,There is no point in waiting.,I would rather stay at home than go to the cinema.,一、句子的写作（简单句类型）,4、实战演练：佳句仿写（1）To tell you the truth,all of us were born in the year of goat.实话告诉你吧，我们都是羊年出生的。实话告诉你吧，她是我们
15、班学习最好的。（2）Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.海伦是我见过最美丽的女孩。张老师是我遇到的最仁慈的老师。（3）Reading is good for our mind.读书对我们的心智有益。做早操对我们有好处。（4）Nothing is difficult to do as long as you want to have a try.只要肯尝试，任何事情都不难！只要你需要我，我就愿意伸出援助之手。,To tell you the truth,she is the top student in our class
16、.,Mr.Zhang is the most merciful teacher that I have ever seen.,Doing morning exercise is good for our health.,Id like to give a hand as long as you need me.,一、句子的写作（简单句类型）,5、家庭作业：(1)根据中、英文提示，将下列要点连成一个小段落,一、句子的写作（简单句类型）,5、家庭作业：(2)根据中、英文提示，将下列要点连成一个小段落 根据中文大意，写出意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于50词的短文。所给英语提示词语供选用。目前洋快餐在中国
17、非常流行，许多中学生都很喜欢。洋快餐餐厅不仅拥有较好的环境，而且能够提供方便快捷的服务。但是请结合你自己的经历，谈谈你对洋快餐的看法。提示词语：foreign fast food,popular,like,clean,service,fast and convenient（方便的）,too much,一、句子的写作（简单句类型）,5、家庭作业（参考答案）：Foreign fast food is so popular in China that many students like eating it.They like eating in fast food restaurants beca
18、use most of them are clean and the service is fast and convenient.But fast food has too much salt,sugar and fat,and eating it too much is bad for peoples health.Although the fast food is not very healthy to us,I like it because it is quite different from Chinese food and it tastes good.When we hold
19、a party,we usually choose eating there.But I dont think its all right to eat foreign fast food very often.If we eat it only once a month,we neednt worry about anything.,二、句子的写作（简单句和复合句）,（一）简单句1.写作指导-精彩的简单句（1）连词词组、介词短语和动词固定搭配的使用：连词词组：bothand,neithernor,eitheror,as well as等介词短语：fromto，till/until,by me
20、ans of,in favor of等动词固定搭配：make progress,have fun,take time,keep a promise等（2）感叹句的使用：What+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语(it)+谓语(is)!How+adj.(adv.)+主语(it)+谓语(is)!,二、句子的写作（简单句和复合句）,（一）简单句1.写作指导-精彩的简单句（3）强调句：do(does/did)+动词原形It引导的强调句：It is(was)+被强调部分+that(who)+句子其他部分（4）倒装句：Only+状语+助动词(情态动词)+主语+谓语So(Neither/Nor)+助动词(
21、系动词/情态动词)+主语(so表示肯定意义、neither/nor表示否定意义),二、句子的写作（简单句和复合句）,（一）简单句2.练习：用以下词组填空by means of keep promise in favor ofas well as neithernor take time(1)_ I _ she is a teacher.我和她都不是老师。(2)Fei Junlong _ Yang Liwei are the national heroes.费俊龙和杨利伟一样也成为了人民英雄。(3)She tried to explain _body language.她试着通过肢体语言来解释。
22、(4)Im _his opinion.我同意他的观点。(5)English studying_.学英语很花费时间。(6)I must _my _.我得遵守诺言/我不能食言。,Neither nor,as well as,by means of,in favor of,takes much time,keep promise,二、句子的写作（简单句和复合句）,（二）复合句1.写作指导（1）熟悉各种从句的结构。复合句是中考考察的重点。熟练掌握常用复合句的构成、先行词/引导词、主句和从句的时态等。（2）掌握句型转换技巧。提高训练自己用多种方式表达相同意思的能力。,二、句子的写作（简单句和复合句）,（
23、二）复合句2.练习将下列含宾语从句的复合句转换为简单句1)We cant decide what we should do.(用不定式替换)2)I remember that I once met her at a party.(用动词固定搭配替换)将下列含状语从句的复合句转化为简单句1)He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam.(用介词短语替换)2）Turn off the light before you leave the classroom.(用v-ing结构替换)用两种方法表达同样的意思1）他们玩得很开心。(提示：hav
24、e a good time;enjoy oneself)2）我六点才到家。(提示：when;notuntil),We can decide what to do.,I remember meeting her at a party.,He studied hard in order to pass the exam.,Turn off the light before leaving the classroom.,They had a good time/enjoyed themselves.,It was six oclock when I got home.I didnt get home
25、 until six oclock.,二、句子的写作（简单句和复合句）,（三）优秀作文快餐在中国很流行，但快餐对人体却没什么好处。请根据下面中文提示，以“Fast Food”为题，写一篇80词左右得英语短文。提示：（1）快餐十分流行，尤其是儿童很喜欢；（2）快餐受欢迎的原因：方便(convenient)、省时；既可在快餐店吃可以带家吃；（3）从营养角度讲快餐食品不利于健康；（4）建议：如时间来不及可吃快餐，但儿童应尽量少吃。要求：句子通顺，语言表达正确，可适当增加细节使内容连贯。,Fast Food Fast food is becoming more and more popular in
26、China,especially among children.There are several reasons for the fast food.First,it is very convenient and save time.Second,you can either eat it in the restaurant or take it home.Third,the service is quite good.However,eating fast food too much will do harm to our health.I think fast food is only
27、a good choice when you are in a hurry.Its good for people,especially children,to eat fast food as little as possible.,二、句子的写作（简单句和复合句）,（四）.必备（背）词句both and 和都例句：Both you and I are good students.你和我都是好学生。either or 不是就是/或例句：你可以在早晨或在临睡前记单词。not until 直到才例句：直到中午我们才赶到目的地（destination）。（尝试用倒装句表达）make progres
28、s 取得进步例句：We are eager to make progress.我们很渴望取得进步。not only but also 不但而且例句：我不但喜欢音乐，而且还喜欢体育。(尝试用倒装句表达)too to 太以至于不例句：I was too excited to go to sleep.我太兴奋了以至于无法入睡。,You may memorize words either in the morning or before going to bed.,Not until noon did we reach the destination.,Not only do I like music
29、,but also PE.,二、句子的写作（简单句和复合句）,（五）实战演练：用另外一种方法表达1、年龄 She is 8 years old.2、外貌 She has a round face and big eyes.3、性格 She is kind and easy to get along with.4、爱好 She likes reading and music.5、体重 She weighs 32 kilos.,She is at the age of 8./she is a girl aged 8(years).,She is a girl with a round face a
30、nd big eyes.,She is so kind and easy as to get on with.,She is crazy about not only reading but also music.,She is 32 kilos in weight.,二、句子的写作（简单句和复合句）,（六）翻译下列句子1、只有努力我们才能取得最后的成功。（强调句）2、是我父亲昨天晚上在实验室做实验。（强调句）3、千万保重！（强调句）4、那时我才意识到英语的重要性。（强调句）5、约翰从没迟到过，我也从来没有过。（倒装句）,It is through hard work that we can
31、succeed in the end.,It was my father that/who did the experiment in the lab.,Do take care!,It was then that I realized the importance of English.,Never has John been late,nor have I.,二、句子的写作（简单句和复合句）,短文：根据下列中文提示，写一篇词数在80左右的短文.提示：1.昨天在上学的路上，你 看见一个盲人在过马路，你给予帮助；知道她要去第一人民医院买药，你一直把他送到医院才去上学；你的老师了解情况后，说你做
32、的对，你感到很高兴。,三、段落的写作,段落的构成：由一组共同表示一个中心思想的许多句子组合而成的。思想内容的一致和句子的前后连贯性。,三、段落的写作,（一）写作指导1、概括性的主题句主题句的功能：（1）提供紧紧围绕写作目标的方法；（2）为读者提供理解作者想表述内容的工具。2、层次分明的事例和细节事例和细节的选择应注意：（1）每个事例/细节都应“服务/从属”于主题句的主旨；（2）相关事例/细节必须充分且有序排列；（3）巧妙运用关联词将事例与事例、细节与细节有机连接。3、简洁明确、与主题句呼应的总结句,三、段落的写作,练习一 分析对比以下两段文字，并根据要求完成任务,三、段落的写作,练习二 认真阅
33、读下列主题句。(1)找出以下每句的中心词(2)给出2-3个支持事例或细节(3)以一句话做总结This weekend I helped my parents with chores.中心词：_支持事例/细节：_总结句：_There are some advantages to taking additional classes after school.中心词：_支持事例/细节：_总结句：_,三、段落的写作,（二）优秀作文 根据下列内容提示，写一篇80词左右日记。内容要点：2月8日（星期六，晴天）上午8：30；两支足球队：老年队（the Aged Team）和少年队（the Teenagers
34、 Team），最大的队员91岁，最小的队员9岁；上半场老年队以3-2获胜，第二场老年队体力欠佳，最后少年队5-4赢得球赛。Saturday February 8th Fine There was a special football game today.It attracted many people.The game was between the Aged Team and the Teenagers Team.The oldest player was 91 years old while the youngest was only 9.The game started at 8:30
35、 in the morning.The Aged Team won the first half.The score was 3 to 2.But in the second half,they felt a bit tired.The teens were still fully of energy.The audience cheered for both teams.In the end,the Teenagers Team won,and the score was 5 to 4.How wonderful the game was!,三、段落的写作,（三）必备（背）词句1.as so
36、on as 例句：一看到见她我就知道出事了/有事不对了。2.as+adj.+as possible/as many(much)+可数(不可数)名词+as possible例句：他问了尽可能多的问题。3.be famous for例句：我们学校以篮球著称。4.had better(not)do sth.例句：你最好不要吃太多快餐。,I knew something was wrong as soon as I saw her.,He asked as many questions as possible.,Our school is famous for basketball.,Youd bet
37、ter not eat too much fast food.,三、段落的写作,（三）必备（背）词句5.It takes sb.some time to do sth.例句：我花了2个月完成了这项调查。6.Its time for sth./Its time for sb.to do sth.例句：我们该休息休息了。7.prefer to do sth./prefer doing A to doing B.例句：I prefer to listen to some in my spare time.空闲时间，我更愿意听听音乐。比起游泳，我更喜欢钓鱼。8.used to do sth.例句：以前
38、他每天上课都迟到。,It took me two months to finish the investigation.,Its time for us to have a rest.,I prefer fishing to swimming.,He used to come late for class every day.,三、段落的写作,（四）实战演练根据提示，写一段介绍中国各地饮食的段落。提示（1）我国饮食种类繁多，如粤菜、川菜等各有地方特色；（2）广东菜口味清淡、四川菜以辣著称、上海菜比较油腻；（3）北方人多吃面条和饺子；（4）南方人多吃米饭和海鲜；（5）总之，中国菜色香味俱佳。,三
39、、段落的写作,（五）家庭作业 丰富多彩的课外活动可以减轻学习压力、充实校园生活；同学们还可以在活动中强身健体、在合作中增进友谊。但是一些学生认为参加课外活动会浪费时间、经历；特别是活动后容易感到疲劳，从而影响学习 请围绕九年级学生在复习期间该不该参加课外活动(after-class activity)这一话题，展开思路谈谈你的感想。要求：1.请根据提供的信息材料和话题（不要逐字翻译），写出结构完整，语言丰富又没，表达合理、语法准确、符合逻辑、可读性强的短文；2.80词以上；3.不得使用真实姓名、地名、学校名；4.题目自拟。,四、文章的结构（开头、主体和结尾）,（一）写作指导1.“开门见山”式的
40、开头2.“条理清楚”的主体3.“点明主题”的自然结尾,四、文章的结构（开头、主体和结尾）,练习一、根据背景提示编写出文章的开头。背景1：为了保护环境，节约能源，中国政府出台了一条禁令：从2019年6月1日起，禁止超市和商店使用超薄塑料袋。如客户有需要，需付费。请针对此禁令发表你的看法。提示词汇：ban(禁令)，stopfrom doing sth.provide,free(免费),protect,cause.你的开头：_背景2：蜡烛、蛋糕一定让你想起了一个个难忘的生日。下一个生日你打算怎么过？请以My Dream Birthday为题，发挥想象，写一篇作文。你的开头：_,四、文章的结构（开头、
41、主体和结尾）,练习二、为以上两篇文章各编写一个的合理的结尾背景1：你的结尾：_ _ _背景2：你的结尾：_ _ _,四、文章的结构（开头、主体和结尾）,（二）优秀作文After three years of staying together,you will say goodbye to your teachers soon.You must have much to say to your teachers.We want to know:What you want to say to your English teacher most.Why you want to say soWhat
42、you want to tell her about your future plan要求：1、词数：60-80；2、不要出现真实的人名和校名 敬爱的老师，我想对你说：Dear Mrs.Guo,I want to say Thank you most at the moment when I have to say goodbye to you.I really appreciate what you have done for me.I used to be too shy to speak English in front of the class.You found my problem
43、 and helped me out.I can still remember your smile on the day when I won the first prize in the English speech contest.It was you who gave me the confidence.I have a dream of going to the Beijing University in the future.Though its hard for me,Im sure your love will encourage me to achieve.Yours,Tom
44、,四、文章的结构（开头、主体和结尾）,（三）必备（背）词句1.try ones best to do sth.例句：老师希望我们竭尽全力取得尽可能大的进步。2.notuntil例句：过去，直到10：30我才能去睡觉，现在我9：30就可以睡觉。3.in order to do sth.例句：她努力学习为了能考取北京大学。4.practice doing sth.例句：你最好多练习些听力。,Teachers expect us to try our best go make as great progress as possible.,In the past,I couldnt go to bed
45、 until 10:30.Now I can go to bed at 9:30.,She studies hard in order to go to Beijing University.,Youd better practice doing more listening.,四、文章的结构（开头、主体和结尾）,（三）必备（背）词句5.get ready for sth.例句：我在准备明天的考试。6.all kinds of 例句：过去，他喜欢各种各样的水果。7.so that 例句：瑞克是如此的害怕以至于他的书本掉到了地上。8.share sth.with sb.例句：我很乐意与她共用一本
46、字典。,I am getting ready for tomorrows exams.,He likes all kinds of fruits.,Rick was so scared that he dropped his books onto the floor.,Id like to share a dictionary with her.,四、文章的结构（开头、主体和结尾）,（四）实战演练下面是一份英语学习自我评价表，每个评价项目后有若干个选项。请在符合自己实际情况的选项方框中打（可以多选）。根据你的选择，以“My English Learning”为题写一篇短文，介绍你英语学习中的优
47、势与不足，并针对自己的不足之处，提出改进方法。注意：1.语言通顺，意思连贯，书写规范；2.词数80左右。English Learning Self-assessment1.The new words I can remember:all most some several2.My favorite activities:pair work writing doing grammar exercises learning new vocabulary class discussions,四、文章的结构（开头、主体和结尾）,（四）实战演练3.The most difficult part in E
48、nglish learning:reading listening grammar vocabulary speaking writing4.The useful ways in English learning:keeping a vocabulary notebook taking an active part in class discussions reading texts aloud preparing lessons carefully before class5.Need to be improved in learning areas:listening reading sp
49、eaking writinggrammar vocabulary pronunciation My English Learning_,四、文章的结构（开头、主体和结尾）,（五）家庭作业假如你要接受一家英文报社采访，记者提出的问题是“How can you be a good child?”请你根据下面所给提示及要求，准备一段应答稿。（文稿开头已给出，不计入总词数）提示：1.What should you do at school?2.What can you do to give help at home?3.How do you show your love to parents(or g
50、randparents)？要求：1.文稿必须包含所有提示内容，可以适当发挥；2.文稿中不得出现真实的人名、校名和地名；3.词数：80个左右。How can you be a good child?Well,to be a good child,I _,五、应用文（书信、电子邮件）,简洁明了，事实清楚、内容完整、格式规范（一）书信1、写作指导部分组成：（1）信头（Heading）（2）称呼（Salutation）（3）正文（Body of the letter）【注意】灵活的书信写作形式-写回信。应总结上封来信中提出的问题、需求等。（4）结束语（Closing）（5）署名（Signature）,
