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1、动名词作主语和宾语,一、概念,doing,done,to do,动名词,现在分词,2.动名词：它是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词形式。基本形式为:v-ing,动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中主要作主语、宾语，在某些条件下亦可作表语、定语等。动名词有时态和语态的变化。,二、用法1.动名词作主语。注意谓语动词要用单数。Reading is an art.阅读是一门艺术。Playing with fire is dangerous.Climbing mountains is really fun.Getting up early is a good habit.,动名词作主语的其他类型：,1）用
2、it作形式主语，而把真正的主语（动名词或短语）置于句尾。注意这种用法仅限于某些名词和形容词的固定搭配中，如：Its no use(useless)/good doing 干是没用/没好处的It is no use crying over the spilt milk.洒掉的牛奶哭也没用。Its no use/good arguing with her.和她争吵是没有用的。Its(no)fun doing 干 是有（无）趣的It is fun playing with children.和孩子们一起玩真好。,It is a shame doing 干 是可耻的。,Its a shame copy
3、ing others homework.Its a waste of time doing 干.是浪费时间的Its a waste of time waiting here.在这里等着是浪费时间。2)用于there be 结构中There is no point（in）doing做是没有意义的Theres no point(in)getting angry.发火没有意义。,3）动名词的复合结构作主语,Toms coming surprised us.His being careless led to the accident.4)用于布告形式的省略结构中。,No smoking(=No smo
4、king is allowed(here).,No parking.,注意问题：,1）动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。,Reading books widens our knowledge.读书增长我们的知识。2）动名词的被动式（being done),也可当主语。Being laughed at is a painful thing.被人取笑是件令人痛苦的事。Being exposed to sunlight for too long time will do harm to ones skin.长期暴露在阳光下对皮肤有害。3)动名词的否定式，是在doing前加上not.Not working
5、 hard will result in failure.His not coming back made us worried.,4)动词不定式和动名词都可以做主语。在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象或习惯性动作；不定式多用来表示特指或某次具体的动作。,_(Walking/To walk)is a good form of exercise for both young and old._(Walking/To walk)in the garden is what I want to do this afternoon.2.动名词作宾语动名词既可作动词宾语，又可作介词宾语。如：I e
6、njoy learning English.How about meeting outside the theatre？,具体用法如下：,1）某些动词（短语）只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的类似动词（短语）有：finish（完成),enjoy（享受),practise（练习),keep（保持)，mind（介意)，miss（错过),imagine（想象),advise/suggest（建议)，admit（承认),avoid（避免),risk(冒险),escape（逃避),allow/permit（允许),dislikeappreciate（感激),understand(理解)，delay
7、/postpone（延期),mention(提及)，deny（否认),quit（停止),excuse/pardon(原谅)resist(抵抗)，forbid(禁止)feel like(想要),2）某些短语（特别是某些含有介词的短语）后，需要用动名词作宾语。类似的常用短语有：,常用的带介词 to 短语有:lead to/look forward to/devote to/pay attention to/be(get)used to/get down to(开始认真干)/object to/be opposed to（反对)/be addicted to（沉溺于）其他:cant help（情不自
8、禁)/insist on/feel like/put off(推迟)/cant bear/stand（不能忍受）feel like/succeed in/depend on/be fond of/be worth/in addition to/have difficulty in doing,3)某些词后既可加不定式又可加动名词，但意义截然不同，需要引起极大注意！如：,go on to do(做完一件事后)接着做另一件事 go on doing 继续做（原来做的事）After a break,the teacher went on _(to give/giving)his lessonAfte
9、r finishing his home work,he went on_(sweeping/to sweep)the floor.remember to do 记着要做（动作未发生）remember doing 记得做过（动作已发生）,I remembered to post the letter.我要记住把信寄出去。（未寄）I remembered posting/having post the letter.我记得把信寄出去。（已寄）,forget to do 忘了去做（没做）forget doing/having done 忘记以前曾做过（做过忘了）I forgot to post t
10、he letter.我忘了去寄信。(没寄）I forgot posting/having post the letter.我忘了曾寄过信了。(寄了，但忘了）,regret to do(say/tell/inform/announce)遗憾地(对将要做的事抱歉)regret doing/having done 后悔做了(对已经发生的事感到后悔),I regret _(say)I cant come.I regret _(spend)so much money the on car.mean to do 打算做（主语一般是人）mean doing 意味着（主语一般是物）You really mea
11、n _(go)Being late means _(wait)for another hour.,try to do 设法/尽力/努力去做 try doing 尝试着去做（看有何结果）,Since the front door wont open,why not try _(open)the back door?Try _(write)better in your exam.stop to do 停下来做（另一件事）stop doing 停止做（原来做的事）He stopped _(say)to his teacher on the way.When the bell rang,we stop
12、ped _(talk)cant help(to)do 不能帮助做 cant help doing 禁（忍）不住做,I cant help _(cook).Im too busy.On hearing joke,they couldnt help _(laugh),be used to do 被用来做 be used to doing 习惯于/适应于 Wood is used to _(make)paper.He has been used to_(get)up early.4)动名词表示被动意义:动词 need,require,want 表示“需要”时，其后跟动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动式作
13、宾语。即:doing need/want/require+to be done,The door needs/wants/requires _(repair)_,类似的还有：deserve(值得；应当)He deserves _(praise)3.动名词的复合结构 1）含义：动名词前面有自己独立的逻辑主语，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。2）构成：物主代词/名词所有格+动名词 3）性质与作用：动名词的复合结构在意义上相当于一个句子，但实际上是一个名词结构，故在句中作主语、宾语或表语。,1）作主语Marys coming late made her teacher angry.玛丽来晚了，这使得她的
14、老师很生气。,His coming here surprised us.他的到来使我们很惊讶。His being late made me angry.2)作动词或介词的宾语Do you mind my/me smoking?I insist on Marys/Mary going there.我坚持要玛丽到那儿去。I heard of your/you being ill.我没听说你病了。,3)作表语Whats most important is Toms going there at once.最为重要的是汤姆要立即去那里。The problem is their not having e
15、nough money.,问题是他们没有足够的钱。注意:若动名词的复合结构作宾语，其中的物主代词可由人称代词的宾格形式代替；名词所有格可由名词普通格代替。但作主语时不可这样代替。Do you mind my/me smoking?I insist on Marys/Mary going there.Marys(不可用Mary)being ill made her mother worried.,4.动名词的时态和语态,1）构成：动名词没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。动名词的时态分一般式和完成式两种，语态分主动形式和被动形式。具体如下：一般式的主动语态：doing 一般式的被动语态：b
16、eing done完成式的主动语态：having done完成式的被动语态：having been done图解如下:,动名词的时态和语态,doing,being done,having done,having been done,3）用法：,（1）一般式 doing/being done 的用法当动名词所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生或发生在谓语动词之后或不强调(没有)明确的先后关系时，用一般式。He kept smiling.(与谓语动作同时发生)I am thinking of going there.(发生在谓语之后)Finding work is difficult.(没有明确先后关系
17、)若动作表示被动，要用 being done 这种形式.He did it without _（ask).No one enjoys _(laugh)at.He was lucky to escape _(kill),(2)完成式：having done/having been done用法,如果要动名词所表示的动作（明显的）发生在谓语动作之前发生，则可用用动名词的完成形式；若表被动，要用having been done的形式。I cant remember _(meet)him.I regret _(not take)her advice.He admitted _(do)wrong.I c
18、ant remember _(give)the chance to do it.He didnt mention _(beat)by others.,5.注意：使用动名词时，一定先要注意用主动形式还是用被动形式，然后再去确定用一般式还是完成式。,练习:,1.Our father often told us in he past that _is believing.A.To see B.Seeing C.See D.To be seen2.-What made him so unhappy?-_ the ticket for the football match.A.Having been l
19、ost B.Lost C.Because of losing D.Losing3._ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.The walk B.Walking C.To walk D.Walk,4.Fishing is his favorite hobby,and _.A.hed like to collect coins as wellB.he feels like collecting coins,tooC.to collect coins is also his hobbyD.collecting coins also gi
20、ves him great pleasure,5.(2011上海)Its no use _ without taking action.A.complain B.complaining C.being complainedD.to be complained6.(2011四川)Lydia doesnt feel like_ abroad.Her parents are old.A.study B.studying C.studied D.to study,7.It is no_ arguing with Bill because he will never change her mind.A.
21、use B.help C.time D.way,8.(08上海)Something as simple as _ some cold water may clear your mind and relive pressure.to drink B.drinkingC.to be drinking D.drunk 9.Our teacher told us to spend some time _ English every day.A.to practise speaking B.practising speakingC.to practise to speak D.practising to
22、 speak,10.While shopping,people sometime cant help _ into buying something they dont really need.A.to pursue B.persuading C.being persuaded D.be persuaded,11.All the staff in our company are considering _ to the city center for the fashion show.A.to go B.going C.to have gone D.having gone12.Robert i
23、s indeed a wise man.Oh,yes.How often I have regretted _ his advice!A.to take B.taking C.not to take D.not taking,13._ provides us with essential nutrients,while _ provides us with oxygen.A.To eat;breathing B.Eating;to breathe C.Eating;breathing D.Eaten;breathed,14.Have you forgotten _$1000 from me l
24、ast month?Will you please remember _ it tomorrow?A.borrowing;to bring B.to borrow;bringC.borrowed;bringing D.borrowing;bringing15.-Let me tell you something about the writer.-Dont you remember _ me the story?A.told B.telling C.tell D.to have told,16.I still remember _ to the Famen Temple and what I
25、saw.A.to take B.to be taken C.taking D.being taken,17.-I usually go there by train.-Why not _ by boat for a change?A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going18.-Theres a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man.-My goodness!I cant imagine_ that old.A.to be B.to have been C.bei
26、ng D.having been,19.His room needs _,so he must have it _.A.painting;painted B.painted;paintingC.painting;painting D.painted;painted,20.The squirrel was lucky that it just missed_.A.catching B.to be caught C.being caught D.to catch21.She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake.A.to cle
27、an B.cleaning C.cleaned D.being cleaned22.I really appreciate _ to relax with you on this nice land.A.to have bad time B.having timeC.to have time D.to having time,23.The story was so funny that we _.A.couldnt help laugh B.cant but laugh C.couldnt help laughing D.couldnt help but to laugh,24.She rea
28、ched the top of the hill and stopped _ on a rock by the side of the path.A.to have rested B.resting C.to rest D.rest25.You cant imagine what difficulty we had _ home in the snowstorm.A.walked B.walk C.to walk D.walking,26.Having been ill in bed for nearly a month,he had a hard time _ the exam.A.pass
29、 B.to pass C.passed D.passing,27.Tony was very unhappy for _ to the partyAhaving not been invited Bnot having invitedChaving not invitedDnot having been invited,28.I hear theyve promoted Tom,but he didnt mention _ when we talked on the phone.A.to promote B.having been promoted C.having promoted D.to
30、 be promoted.,29._the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement AThe president will attend BThe president to attend C.The president attended DThe presidents attending,30._to the meeting surprised all us.A.Mike coming B.Mike came C.Mike coming D.Mikes coming 31.Its no use _that you didn
31、t know the rules.A.you pretend B.you pretending C.your pretending D.your pretend,32.His parents insist on _ to college.he should go B.he go C.his going D.him to go,33.What worried the child most was _ to visit his mother in the hospitalAhis not allowing Bhis not being allowedChis being not allowedDh
32、aving not been allowed,34.(05北京)When asked by the police,he said he remembered _ at the party,but not_.A.to arrive;leaving B.to arrive;to leaveC.arriving;leaving D.arriving;to leave,35.(06 江西)After he became conscious,he remembered _ and _ on the head with a rod.A.to attack;hit B.to be attacked;be hit C.attacking;be hit D.having been attacked;hit,36.(05北京)Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview._ the answers ready will be of great help.To have had B.Having C.Have D.Having,37.Which do you enjoy _ your weekends,fishing or watching TV?A.spending B.to spend C.being spent D.spend,
