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1、FOREIGH LANGUAGE TEACHING AND RESEARCH PRESS AIR FORCE ENGINEERING UNIVERTISY,FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING AND RESEARCH PRESS AIR FORCE ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY,Nature:To worship or to conquer,Section A,4,Achieving sustainable environmentalism,Objectives,Nature:To worship or to conquer,Achieving sustaina
2、ble environmentalism,Section A,Achieving sustainable environmentalism,Section A,1.What do the following pictures remind you of in terms of the environmental issues?,2.What do you think of the relationship betweenman and nature?,Listen and Talk,Pre-reading Activities,Listen to a passage about World E
3、nvironment Day and then decide whether the following statements are true(T)or false(F).,1.World Environment Day falls on June 5 every year.2.San Francisco is the second city in the United States that has held events to celebrate World Environment Day.3.The main message of World Environment Day this
4、year is“Plan for Our Cities”.4.Cities use more than 57 percent of the worlds natural resources.5.The events held this year include not only speeches from famous persons,but also fun activities such as concerts,parades,etc.,T,F,F,F,T,Listen to the passage again.Work in pairs and discuss the following
5、 questions.,1.What is your understanding of a“green city”?2.To build a green city,besides the measures given in the passage such as building more healthy parks and reducing pollution,what other measures can you think of?,Pre-reading Activities,Listen and Talk,1.What is your understanding of a“green
6、city”?,As I understand,a“green city”is a city or town that focuses on environmentally friendly practices.It aims to improve the livability of urban surroundings and benefit the well-being of citizens living there.,Pre-reading Activities,Listen and Talk,2.To build a green city,besides the measures gi
7、ven in the passage such as building more healthy parks and reducing pollution,what other measures can you think of?,To build a green city,other measures may include water quality control,efficient recycling and waste management,use of renewable energy sources,increase of city residents awareness of
8、environmental protection,and easy access to products and services that make green lifestyle choices easy.,Pre-reading Activities,Listen and Talk,crisis,commitments,Listen to a short passage concerning global warming.,observed,inconvenient truth,relieve,breakthroughs,projected,Listen to a short passa
9、ge concerning global warming.,If energy use per person and technology remain the same,total energy use and greenhouse gas _(mainly,CO2)will be 42%higher in 2050.But thats too low,because societies that grow richer use more energy.We need economic growth unless we _ the worlds poor to their present p
10、overty and freeze everyone elses living standards.,emissions,condemn,Listen to a short passage concerning global warming.,To be continued,The practical solution is that if global warming is a _,the only solution is new technology.Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of
11、 breaking our dependence on _ or dealing with it.,potential disaster,fossil fuels,Listen to a short passage concerning global warming.,Cultural Background,3.What is the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge(ANWR or Arctic Refuge)?,Tips,Environmentalism refers to the concern about the environment,or the co
12、nsciousness about the intricate human-nature relation,which mainly advocates the preservation,restoration and/or improvement of the natural environment by social and political movements.,Cultural Background,What are the main ideas of Environmentalism?,Cultural Background,2.What do you know about Pro
13、tagoras?,Protagoras is a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher and one of the several fifth century B.C.Greek thinkers collectively known as the Older Sophists(诡辩家).Protagoras is known primarily for three claims:1)Man is the measure of all things;2)He could make the worse(or weaker)argument appear the bett
14、er(or stronger);3)One could not tell if the gods existed or not.,It is a national wildlife refuge in northeastern Alaska,United States,and the largest protected wilderness region in the country.The refuge supports a wide variety of plant and animal life including caribou,polar bears,grizzly bears,wo
15、lves,migratory birds,fish,dense shrubs,and rare groves of poplar trees.,Cultural Background,3.What is the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge(ANWR or Arctic Refuge)?,Achieving sustainable environmentalism,Section A,The author starts his argumentation by stating the importance of a keen _ in modern socie
16、ty.(Para.1),environmental awareness,What is the theme of the essay?(Para.1),Introduction:Two questions are raised to show that people have conflicting ideas about environmental protection.The introduction paves the way for the authors central argument.,Part I(Para.1),While answering the question rai
17、sed in Paragraph 1,what concepts does the author put forward?(Para.2),According to the author,what is the ultimate rule followed by rational environmentalism?(Para.2),How does the author explain environmental necessity?(Paras.3-4),According to Paragraph 5,why are ozone depletion and the greenhouse e
18、ffect considered as urgent human disasters?(Para.5),In the first section of the body,the author tries to establish a rule that people can follow when making environmental choices.,Part II Section 1(Paras.2-5),According to Paragraph 6,what are the features of the environmentalism that is popular toda
19、y?(Para.6),What does the author mean by saying“My nature worship stops with the twister that came through Kansas or the dreadful rains in Bangladesh that eradicated whole villages and left millions homeless”?(Para.6),What does the author intend to do by citing the example of oil drilling in ANWR?(Pa
20、ra.7),The author cites the debate about whether to drill for oil in ANWR to rebut the sentimental environmentalism and justify his own argument.,On the issue of preserving the spotted owl in Oregon versus protecting the logging families there,which side does the author take?Why?(Para.10),In the seco
21、nd section(Paras.6-10),the author,with the purpose of strengthening his own criterion,argues against a different rule,one which he calls a _,which he says is characterized by _.,Part II Section 2(Paras.6-_),10,excessive earth worship,sentimental environmentalism,What opinion does the author hold tow
22、ard the relationship between man and nature?(Para.11),cultivate,supervision,in the first place,According to the author,under what circumstance should humanity accommodate nature?Examples?(Para.12),Part three is the conclusion.The author restates his central argument:Human interests should be given _
23、 over those of nature although human beings should _ to nature only when their own survival is being endangered by environmental changes.,Part III(Paras.11-_),13,priority,adapt,This text is an argumentative writing in which the author tries to make a contrast between two different opinions about env
24、ironmental protection,through which he tries to justify his claim that human interests should be put above those of nature,and that human beings should protect nature only on the grounds that their own interests are guaranteed.,Main Idea of the Text,Main Idea&Structure,Two questions are raised to sh
25、ow that people have conflicting ideas about environmental protection.(Para.1),Introduction,Introduction,Main body:Section 1 and Section 2,The author tries to establish a rule for people to follow when they make environmental choices.(Paras.2-5),The author rebuts a different rule,called a sentimental
26、 environmentalism,which he says is characterized by excessive earth worship.(Paras.6-10),Body:Section 1,A rule,called a sane environmentalism,for making environmental choices is presented.(Para.5),The author defines environmental luxuries and environmental necessities.(Para.2),The author gives examp
27、les“combating ozone depletion and the greenhouse effect”to explain what he sees as an environmental necessity.(Paras.3-4),Body:Section 2,The author cites the debate about preserving the spotted owl in Oregon vs.protecting the livelihood of the logging families to justify his own argument.(Para.10),T
28、he author reviews a different rule,one which he calls a sentimental environmentalism.(Para.6),The author cites the debate about whether to drill for oil in ANWR to rebut the sentimental environmentalism and justify his own argument.(Paras.7-9),The author restates his central argument:Human interests
29、 should be given priority over those of nature.(Paras.11-13),Introduction,Main body:establishing a rule and rebutting a different rule,Conclusion,Introduction,Main body:establishing a rule and rebutting a different rule,Conclusion,Sharp concern for environmental protection,similar to the belief in _
30、 or the opposition to plastic surgery,is a necessary _ to people in the upper class world.But people have different opinions about it.Therefore,how can we make the right choice among so many different and conflicting proposals put forward in the name of environmental _?,To be continued,democracy,att
31、itude,protection,To answer the question,it is necessary to follow a rule for making environmental choices:the so-called _,which advocates that combating ecological changes that directly do harm to human health and safety is an _.The criterion for making environmental choices indicates that nature sh
32、ould _ human beings,and that human beings should protect nature only when their own interests are not affected.,To be continued,sane environmentalism,environmental necessity,serve,While other people put forward a different rule,called a _,which is characterized by excessive earth _,human interests s
33、hould be given priority over those of animals or nature and nature should be _ to human beings because human interests are more important than those of nature.,sentimental environmentalism,worship,subordinate,把区分,(fantasy/seek medical help),After staying in the net bar for several days and nights,he
34、 was no longer able to differentiate between fantasy and reality.He should seek medical help.,differentiate between,短语逆译,短语应用,在网吧呆了几天几夜，他已经不能区分虚幻和现实了。他应该寻求医疗帮助。,意群提示,呈现（某种特征）,(official visit/a new look),We firmly believe that after the leaders official visit to Britain,the relations between the two
35、countries must take on a new look.,take on,短语逆译,短语应用,我们相信，通过领导人对英国的正式访问，两国之间的关系一定会呈现出新面貌。,意群提示,引起共鸣,(charming pictures/touching plots/young audience),With its charming picture,touching plots and beautiful music,the movies struck a chord with the young audience.,strike a chord with,短语逆译,短语应用,这部电影以它迷人
36、的画面、动人的情节和优美的音乐在年轻观众中引起了共鸣。,意群提示,与格格不入,Out of our expectation,what he said and did in the public that day ran against the grains of his social status indeed.,run/go against the grains,短语逆译,短语应用,令我们意外的是，那天在公共场合他的言行的确和他的身份格格不入。,意群提示,(out of the expectation/social status),与不相容的,anti-virus software/comp
37、uter system/update system),The anti-virus software is incompatible with your computer system,so you have to get your system updated.,be incompatible with,短语逆译,短语应用,这款杀毒软件与你的电脑系统不兼容，因此，你需要找人进行系统升级。,意群提示,安然度过,(medical skill/weak beat/dying patient),Due to the doctors excellent medical skill,the dying
38、patient with a weak beat,was lucky enough to come through the operation.,短语逆译,短语应用,多亏了医生精湛的医术，这位生命垂危的病人心跳微弱，能够熬过手术真是幸运。,意群提示,come through,优先选择(某物)而非（另一物）,(making friends/honesty),In making friends with other people in modern society,we choose honesty over other qualities.,短语逆译,短语应用,在现代社会中，我们交友时更加看重诚
39、实的品德。,意群提示,choose sth.over sth.else,在上流社会，对环境的敏感就如同信仰民主、反对整容一样，是一种不可或缺的态度。,原句译文,逆译练习,句型提炼,Environmental sensitivity is now as required an attitude in polite society as is,say,belief in democracy or disapproval of plastic surgery.,sth.is now as required an attitude in.as is,say,sth.else in or,句型提炼,应用
40、提示,用于表达比较，“说明某种态度的重要性”。,句型应用,(cultural awareness/time-consciousness,典型例句,在跨文化交际中，文化意识就如同约会时守时、社交时礼貌一样，是一种不可或缺的态度。,意群提示,Cultural awareness is now as required an attitude in cross-cultural communication as is,say,time-consciousness in keeping appointment or politeness in social exchanges.,非感情用事的环保主义是建
41、立在普罗泰哥拉的格言“人是万物的尺度”的基础上的。,原句译文,逆译练习,A non-sentimental environmentalism is one founded on Protagorass idea that“Man is the measure of all things.”,句型提炼,sth.is one founded on ones idea that“”,句型提炼,应用提示,用于表达“某种思想或观点的理据”。,句型应用,(anti-racism/self-evident truth),典型例句,马丁路德金的反对种族主义是建立在这个不言自明的真理“人生来就平等”的基础上。,
42、意群提示,Martin Luther Kings anti-racism is one founded on the self-evident truths“that all men are created equal”.,只有当人类的命运与自然的命运密不可分时,人类才应该做出让步。,原句译文,逆译练习,Humanity should accommodate only when its fate and that of nature are inseparably bound up.,句型提炼,sb.should do/does sth.only when,句型提炼,应用提示,用于表达“某人做
43、某事的必要条件”。,句型应用,(conquer the outside world/inner side),典型例句,只有当一个人强大到不仅能够战胜外部世界而且能够战胜自己的内心时,他才成为真正的强者。,意群提示,A man becomes a hero only when he is strong enough to conquer both the outside world and his inner side.,Human activities can either cause natural disasters or make their effects much worse,suc
44、h as sandstorms,floods and landslides.To attach great importance to planting trees and make strict laws to protect forests.,1.What nature-related disasters are brought about by human activities?Are there any ways to reduce such disasters?,2.What environmental problems does the world face?What are th
45、e causes of these problems?,Water pollution Air pollution Wildlife protection Land erosion,to be continued,2.What environmental problems does the world face?What are the causes of these problems?,People dont have strong awareness of environmental protection.People dont have a long-term vision.They h
46、unt or cut down trees for temporary profit,but they dont realize the price they or their children have to pay in the long run.Some local governments dont make good plans about economic development.,First,the authorities must have better foresight.Environmental protection is a long-lasting campaign a
47、nd its impact cant be felt in a short term.Second,strict laws and policies should be made to ensure that the economy is not developed at the cost of the environment.Third,education can serve as effective way to teach more people to realize the importance of environment.,3.There are often conflicts b
48、etween economic development and environmental protection.How should we balance the two and ensure sustainable development?,Q:How much do you know about the basic view held by Chinese government towards environmental protection?,According to the government policy,promoting ecological progress is a lo
49、ng-term task of vital importance to the peoples well-being and Chinas future.We must give high priority to making ecological progress and incorporate it into all aspects and the whole process of advancing economic,political,cultural,and social progress,work hard to build a beautiful country,and achi
50、eve lasting and sustainable development of the Chinese nation.,to be continued,We should remain committed to the basic state policy of conserving resources and protecting the environment as well as the principle of giving high priority to conserving resources,protecting the environment and promoting
