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1、Grammar,Direct and Indirect Speech,直接引语:直接引用别人的话,把它放在引号内。(direct speech)间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话。(indirect speech),I am a beautiful girl.,She said that she was a beautiful girl.,What did the girl say?,转述他人的陈述陈述句,She asked me what I was doing.,She said,“Im going to Beijing.”,She said that she was going to Be
2、ijing.,He asked,“Are you a doctor?”,He asked me if/whether I was a doctor.,She asked,“What are you doing?”,2.转述他人的疑问一般疑问句,3.转述他人的问题特殊疑问句,陈述句用连词that引导,that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said,也可用told来代替,注意,可以说said that,said to sb.that,told sb.that,不可直接说 told that。,句子结构的变化,He said,“I have been to Japan.”He sai
3、d to us that he had been to Japan.She said,“Ill give you an exam tomorrow.”She told us that she would give us an exam tomorrow.,陈述句解题步骤:,“I dont like computers,”Sarah said to her friends.,Sarah said to her friends,that,(I dont like computers.),didnt,she,Sarah said to her friends that she didnt like
4、computers.,间接引语用连词whether或if引导,原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等),语序是陈述语序。,一般疑问句,Tom said,“Do you have any difficulty with English?”Tom asked(me)whether/if I had any difficulty with English.,一般疑问句解题步骤:Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil?(They asked him),They asked him,if,It is easy to impr
5、ove the condition of the soil.,(it is easy to improve the condition of the soil.),asked,is,was,They asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.,原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词,主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达,语序改为陈述句语序。,特殊疑问句,He said to me,“Where are you from?”He asked me where I was from.,特殊疑问句解题步骤：When do y
6、ou harvest the wheat?(They asked him),They asked him,When,you harvest the wheat,(you harvest the wheat.),he,harvested,They asked him when he harvested the wheat.,He asked,“Do you speak English or Chinese?”He asked me whether I spoke English or Chinese.,用whetheror表达(不用if/eitheror),选择疑问句,在直接引语变为间接引语时需
7、要注意的变化,1.时态的变化,2.人称和指示代词变化,3.时间和地点状语的变化,4.句子结构,He said he,played football,was playing,had played,had played,would play,had played,1)直接引语是客观真理。“The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth”,the teacher told me.The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves
8、 around the earth.,时态不变化,2)有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语（历史事件）Xiao Wang said.“I was born on April 2l,1980.”Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20,1980.,3)被引述的部分是反复出现的,习惯性的动作或说话时情况仍然存在的,The boy said to us,“I usually get up at six every day.”,The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.,The children said,
9、“We love this game.”,The children told us that they love that game.,4)直接引语中含有when,since,while等引导的表示过去的时间状语从句,She said,“I went there when I was six years old.”She said she had gone there when she was six years old.,She says that shell never forget the days in the country.,5）主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态,She says,“I
10、ll never forget the days in the country.”,6)谓语中含有would,should,might,must,used to,ought to,had better 等情态动词时。如：She said,“We should help each other.”She said we should help each other.,Attention:,When direct speech is about:a)a truth 真理 b)a timetable 时间表c)a saying/proverb/quotation 格言/引用语d)An adverbia
11、l indicating the past 过去的时间状语,There are some cases in which we dont need to change the tense in indirect speech.,He said,“the earth goes around the sun.”2.He said,“The train leaves at 7:30p.m.”3.He said,“Rome isnt built in a day.”4.Tom said,“I was born in July,1978.”,Change direct speech into indire
12、ct speech:,5.He said,“Im afraid I cant finish this work.”,6.He said,“I havent heard from him since May.”7.Tom said“I will see you next week.”,He said that he was afraid he couldnt finish that work.,He said that he hadnt heard from him since May.,Tom said that he would see me the next week.,8.“Why we
13、re you late again?”The teacher said to me.9.“Have you been to Paris?”My classmate asked me.10.His friends asked him if he would go to Dalian.,The teacher asked me why I was late again.,His friends asked him,“Will you go to Dalian?”,My classmate asked me if I had been to Paris.,Try to do SB P.5 Ex.2
14、Change the sentences either into direct speech or indirect speech:,Anne said that she didnt know the address of her new home.2.Anne told her father that she had got tired of looking at nature through dirty curtains and dusty windows.3.The girl said that she needed to pack up her things in the suitca
15、se very quickly.,4.Her father asked her why she had chosen her diary and old letters.5.“Are you very hot with so many clothes on?”Mother asked/said to her.6.“What else have you hidden under your overcoat?”Margot asked her.7.“When shall we go back home?”Anne asked her father.8.“Why did you talk so mu
16、ch to that boy?”Father asked Anne.,3.Pair work.Based on the form of weather report in the textbook,try to use indirect speech in your dialogue.e.g.GM:whats the weather in Beijing tomorrow?I cant hear the man clearly on the TV.GC:thats right,I can help.The man said GM:what did he say about shanghai?G
17、C:,1.Jack said to me,“You look worried today.”Jack told me that worried,Choose the best answer.,I looked,that day,2.We said to her,“Theyre walking through the street now.”We told her that _ through the street _.A.we were walkingthen B.you are walkingnow C.they were walkingthen D.they walkingnow,C,3.
18、Mr.Black said,“I have walked a long way this week.”Mr.Black said that _ a long way _.A.I had walkedlast week B.he had walkedthat week C.I walkedlast week D.he has walkedthis week,4.The man thought,“I shall take it back tomorrow.”The man thought that _ take it back _.A.I shalltomorrow B.I shallthe ne
19、xt day C.he shouldtomorrow D.he wouldthe next day,D,5.They said to us,“Are you afraid to leave this house?”They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house.A.that were wethis B.that we werethat C.if were we this D.if we werethat,D,6.Jane said,“What did he hear about a week ago?”Jane asked _ about _.A.that he
20、 hearda week ago B.what he had heardthe week before C.what he had herda week ago D.if he heardthe week ago,B,7.She asked,“Whose house will he break into next time?”She asked whose house _ break into _.A.will henext time B.would hethe next time C.he wouldthe next time D.he willnext time,C,8.Jack said
21、 to her,“Where do you spend your holidays?”Jack asked her where _ holidays.A.she spent her B.you spend your C.she spend her D.you spent your,A,9.Black asked me,“Why havent you left here yet?”Black asked me why _ yet.A.I hadnt left there B.I havent left here C.hadnt I left there D.havent I left here,
22、A,10.The teacher asked her,“Does the sun rise in the east?”The teacher asked her _ the sun _ in the east.A.ifrise B.ifrises C.whetherrose D.whether did rise,B,10.The teacher asked her,“Does the sun rise in the east?”The teacher asked her _ the sun _ in the east.A.ifrise B.ifrises C.whetherrose D.whe
23、ther did rise,B,For more exercises,click here.,Direct and Indirect Speech,Requests and Commands,1.Could I use your bathroom?,request,2.Put your coat in the closet.,command,3.Speak quietly on the phone,please.,request,Requests or Commands?,4.Will you help me with my homework this afternoon?,request,5
24、.Could you meet me at four?,request,6.Take your shoes off before you enter the room.,command,Direct speech,Requests:Do.,please.Can you.?Could you.?Will you.?Would you.?,Commands:Do.Dont.,Indirect speech,Requests:A asked B to do sth.A asked B not to do sth.,Commands:A told/ordered B to do sth.A told/
25、ordered B not to do sth.,祈使句的间接引语“动词+宾语+不定式”结构。told/asked/orderedsb.(not)to do sth.,祈使句的直接引语和间接引语,如果祈使句是表示请求,间接引语的动词常用ask;如果是表示命令,间接引语的动词常用tell,order,command等。,不定式The officer ordered him not to leave his post.,that 引导的宾语从句I suggested to him that we(should)start at once.,He said,“Lets go to the film.
26、”He suggested going to the film.或 He suggested that they should go to see the film.,直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句,变为间接引语时,通常用“suggest+动名词(或从句)”。如:,that/what/how引导的宾语从句He said that he was very happy.He said how happy he was.,感叹句,直引:主语+动词+“感叹句”间引:主语+动词+陈述句e.g.He said,“What a fine day it is!”He said,“How fine t
27、he day is!”He said what a fine day it was.He said how fine the day was.,“Could you pass me the salt?”Mary said to me.Mary asked me to pass her the salt.2.“Show me your license,please.”the policeman said to the driver.The policeman told the driver to show him the license.,把直接引语转换为间接引语。,3.The teacher
28、said to me,“Can you pass on the book to Tom?”4.Mother said to Li Ming,“Stop playing computer games!”Mother ordered Li Ming to stop playing computer games.,The teacher asked me to pass on the book to Tom.,5.The teacher said to the students,“Dont waste your time.”,The mother asked Tom to get up early.
29、,6.The mother said,“Tom,get up early,please.”,The teacher told the students not to waste their time.,Keys to the Exercises 3 on page 12,RequestThe children asked their teacher to sing a song for them.2.CommandThe mother ordered her child to turn off the radio.3.Request The dentist asked a patient to
30、 open his mouth,so he could see the bad tooth clearly.,4.Request The secretary asked the woman on the phone to hold on for a minute.5.Request John asked his classmate if/weather he could borrow his pen.6.Command The teacher ordered his student to come up to his office.,1.“Please close the window,”he
31、 said to me.He _ me _ the window.A.said to;to close B.told to;closingC.asked;to close D.said to;please close,Choose the best answer.,C,2.He said,“Dont do that again.”He _ me _ that again.A.said to me;not to do B.said to me;dont do C.told me;dont do D.told me;not to do,D,3.“Dont put it on my hat.”his
32、 wife said to him.His wife told him _ put it on _hat.A.dont,his B.dont,her C.not to,his D.not to,her,D,4.Rose asked Tom,“Did you see my purse?”Rose asked Tom _.A.whether that he had seen her purse B.whether he had seen her purse C.that whether he had seen her purse D.that if he had seen her purse,B,
33、7.“Youve already got well,havent you?”she asked.She asked _.A.if I have already got well,hadnt you B.whether I had already got well C.have I already got well D.had I already got well.,解析:反意疑问句要变成whether或 if引导的宾语从句。,B,8.He said,“Mother,the boy is very naughty.”He _ very naughty.A.said his mother that
34、 the boy wasB.said to his mother that the boy isC.told his mother that the boy wasD.spoke to his mother that the boy was,C,9.“Have you seen the film?”he asked me.He asked me _.A.had I seen the film B.have I seen the film C.if I have seen the film D.whether I had seen the film,D,10.“Please close the window,”he said to me.He _ me _ the window.A.said to;to close B.told to;closing C.asked;to close D.said to;please close,C,Bye,
