PIC种猪饲养管理技术课件.ppt

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1、Source:Statistical from Jan.02 to Jan.03,PIC中国公司技术服务部牛如广-2005-,PIC种猪饲养管理技术Management of PIC Breeding Pigs,康贝尔母猪在中国的生产性能Camborough Performance In China,Source:Statistical from Jan.02 to Jan.03,PIC的产品,PIC的产品,简述,后备母猪的培养 最大程度蛋白质的沉积 Maximize protein growth控制体重的过快增长Controlled weight gain达到合适的种用体况Achieve b

2、ody tissue targets妊娠期 Gestation各阶段的饲喂评定 Critical stages of feeding胚胎的生长 Tissue gain(restoration)哺乳期 Lactation尽可能地多采食 Maximize Intake尽量减少失重Minimize tissue loss,后备母猪的培养Gilt Development-营养需要Nutritional Requirements,营养 Nutrition保育 育成 Nursery-Grower保持最快速度的生长Maximize lean tissue growth rate育肥 FinisherMaxi

3、mize lean tissue growth rate;however,dont maximize throughput饲料配方比屠宰猪的能量低一点 Lower energy diets than commercial 蛋白能量比与屠宰猪相近 Same amino acid to energy ratios as commercial diets有效磷含量0.35%.35 available phosphorus添加复合维生素B 及铬 Added B vitamins,choline,and chromium,17.01.2023,PIC 康贝尔后备母猪的培养建议Gilt Developme

4、nt PIC C22 Recommendations,生长猪(25-65kg)Growing gilts(From 25 to 65 Kg)饲喂与营养 Feeding and Nutrition自由采食 Gilts should be fed on ad-libitum basis(free access to feed)饲料配方与生长猪相近Diets could be similar to grower pigs 清洁的饮水Availability of clean water at all times.15头猪至少有一个饮水器 One nipple per 15 pigs more圈舍与环

5、境 Housing and environment后备母猪的栏位与育肥舍相近 Gilts should be housed in pens,similar to finisher 饲养密度与育肥舍相近 Space allowances should be similar as commercial(7 8 sqft)室温适中 Temperature should be in the thermo-neutral range between(18-23 C).保证足够的通风 Provide adequate ventilation,17.01.2023,隔离驯化期 60-120kg solati

6、on and Acclimation 60 Kg-120 KgThis important process should continues in this period.圈舍Housing 种猪应合理分群饲养 Gilts should be housed preferably in pens每天饲喂2-3次,保证能够采食到足够量的饲料,但也避免浪费 If in stalls,full feed to avoid wastage and improve intake feed 2 or 3 times/day 每头种猪的饲养空间至少应为屠宰猪的1.5倍 Space allowances in

7、pens should be of minimum 150%of commercial production 每栏饲养12头左右,最多不超 过18-20头 Group size should be 12 with maximum of 18-20 gilts/pen公猪刺激其性成熟,控制其生长速度Boar Exposure to slow growth and to stimulate estrus日增重为680g Goal ADG 680 gr,PIC 康贝尔后备母猪的培养建议Gilt Development PIC C22 Recommendations,17.01.2023,“清洁的环境

8、,干燥的地板,良好的通风,适宜的温度 Environment should be clean,with dry flooring,well ventilated with adequate temperature”温度的重要性 Temperature in thermo neutral zone for gilts,(18-23 C)过高或过低的温度都会影响种猪的性成熟 过高的温度还会影响种猪的采食量 过低的温度需要消耗额外的饲料来维持体能光照(对种猪有影响但还未得到证实)Lighting(effect not clearly demonstrated)每天应提供给种猪12-16小时的光照空气

9、质量 Air quality如果The development of gilts in closed barns imposes the need for systems that provide adequate ventilation and air qualityProvide with fresh air while target temperature and relative humidity are maintained.Recommended ventilation rates in gilts:(CFM/head)Cold(0.34);Moderate(1.13);Hot(4

10、.25),PIC 康贝尔后备母猪的培养建议 Gilt Development PIC C22 Recommendations,17.01.2023,“清洁的环境,干燥的地板,良好的通风,适宜的温度 Environment should be clean,with dry flooring,well ventilated with adequate temperature”空气质量 Air quality如果是封闭式的猪舍,应该保证良好的通风以提高空气质量 The development of gilts in closed barns imposes the need for systems

11、that provide adequate ventilation and air quality在保证温度和湿度适宜的前提下,保持空气新鲜 Provide with fresh air while target temperature and relative humidity are maintained.推荐的种猪猪舍空气流通量 Recommended ventilation rates in gilts:(CFM/head)冷Cold(0.34);适中 Moderate(1.13);热 Hot(4.25),PIC 康贝尔后备母猪的培养建议 Gilt Development PIC C2

12、2 Recommendations,Kg/day,PIC康贝尔种猪从被选 作种用到第一次断奶间的采食量 Feeding Level for PIC C22Gilts From Selection Through First Weaning,Ad Lib*,To condition 2.2 2.5*,2.3-2.7,Ad lib,被选作种用Selection,配后100天Day 100,产仔前Pre-farrow 哺乳Lactation,再配Service,初配Service,断奶Wean,To appetite,Gestation,130 Kg P2 16-18 mm,P2 16-18 mm,

13、P2 18-20 mm,*Feed level depends on delivery weight.Ex:220 lbs(Ad Lib);250 lbs(5.0 lbs/d).*Promote growth but dont let get too fat.P2 endpoint,18-20 mm.,2.2,Ad lib for 7 d,Lactation,Gestation,Isolation&Acclimatation,7,初配体重及P2背膘厚度对母猪5胎内生产性能的关系,(Challinor et al.,1996),妊娠期的饲养 Gestation Feeding to Condit

14、ion,目标 Targets妊娠期的增重 Pregnancy Weight Gain后备母猪 34公斤Gilts 75 pounds(34 kg)第二胎母猪 25公斤P2s 55 pounds(25 kg)三胎及三胎以上的 35-45公斤P3 35-45 pounds(18 kg)产仔时的背膘 Backfat at farrowing最小为16 16 minimum目标为18-20 18-20 target最大为22 22 maximum,妊娠期饲养,12 17.5 lbs 3.75 kg/d 12-16 2 6.0 lbs 2.7 kg/d 16-18 3 4.8 lbs 2.4 kg/d妊

15、娠后期 90 天 6.0 lbs 2.7kg/d Feed to condidtion,妊娠5-50天的饲喂水平 以一头180kg的母猪为例 Day 5-50 of Pregnancy Feed Level:180 Kg sow 背膘 体况评分 日采食量,1,2,3,4,5,最适宜的 3.0 3.5至少 2.0,平均背膘厚度:mm1011-1516-1819-2222+,妊娠猪的体况评分标准,妊娠猪的体况评分标准,妊娠期的饲养 Gestation Feeding,饲喂程序 Feeding program implementation每天饲喂一次或两次Once versus twice a da

16、y feeding据饲喂结果的差异性及各农场的实际情况保证足量的清洁饮水 Clean Water needs to be available母猪日饮水量为19公升,在夏天则需要22-30公升,妊娠期的饲喂营养要求,营养需求赖氨酸 Lysine后备母猪 0.65%gilts经产母猪 0.60%herd能量 Energy1465 Kcal/lb钙磷比 Ca/P0.90%钙;0.42%有效磷粗纤维 Fiber4 5%添加量 added原料取决于价格和实用性 Source dependent on cost/availability,17.01.2023,妊娠期 圈舍及环境要求 Gestation(H

17、ousing and Environment),需要考虑到圈舍及环境因素 Housing&Environment Considerations定位栏饲养优于群体饲养如可能,定位栏饲养妊娠舍栏位应保证清洁干燥 适宜的温度应为(18-23 C).最低温度为 14 C.如果使用滴水等降温系统,最高温度不超过23-26 C在早期妊娠阶段,过高的温度(30 C+)会导致初配母猪的胚胎死亡空气质量:湿度50%-80%一氧化碳 50 ppm氨气 25 ppm 通风,CFM(Cold 12,Temperate 40,Hot 150),哺乳期饲养 饲喂程序的执行,重点 Keys根据农场实际情况 System d

18、ependent尽可能地多采食 Dont let program minimize feed intake每天多次饲喂 Feed multiple times/day制作饲料消耗卡 Feed Cards优点遵循固定的程序 Follows specific pattern及时知道母猪采食状况 Know when sows are off feed 缺点费时 Takes time记录的准确性?Recording accuracy questionable,哺乳期饲养 饲喂程序的执行,一贯的饲喂方式 Feeding Methods Continued务必保证饲槽里的饲料干净新鲜 Keep clean

19、/fresh feed in feeder at all times每天清理饲槽 Clean feeders daily必要时除去被污染的饲料 Remove spoiled feed as needed,哺乳期的饲养管理,哺乳期间饲料消耗量与窝产仔数间的关系,aFirst Litter 350 lbs BW.PGR=165,230,and 265 g/d for weeks 1,2,and 3.bIntake estimate based on:1,530 Mcal/lb,85%of energy balance achieved.,从产仔到断奶间的饲喂 How to Feed the Sow

20、 from d-1 to Weaning,康贝尔母猪哺乳期的饲喂水平 Feed Intake Levels for Lactating Cam 22 Sows Average Intake in Kg by Parity and Seasonal Range Observed,21 d lactation,5.24.8,5.55.18,6 5.5,6.26 6,S.Pollo,初产母猪的培养-断奶体重与发情间隔的关系,Williams and Mullan,1989,y=0.0028x2-1.0337x+102.17,R2=.762,0,5,10,15,20,25,30,35,80,100,1

21、20,140,160,180,200,220,Weight of sow at weaning,kg,Wean to mating interval,d,影响采食量的因素,水流量(饮水不充足会引起便秘)保证24小时都可以采食 24 hour feed access饲料配方稳定 Consistent diet composition粉料或颗粒料高质量的颗粒料促进采食 低质量的颗粒料降低采食,17.01.2023,康贝尔母猪哺乳期的饲养 Management of C22 sows in Lactation,在圏舍方面 About the room圏舍清洁,干燥且消毒过的 Have the roo

22、m clean,dry and disinfected设施齐全 Have all needed equipment in place(heat lamps,mats,etc.)温度适宜 Room temperature should be comfortable for the sows(18-22 C)饲槽及饮水器运作良好 Feeders and nipples should be in good condition饮水器的水流2公升每分种 Water flow of 0.5 gal/minute(2 lt/min)is needed水压不要过高 Low water pressure 在转猪

23、方面 Moving the sows进入产房前需清洗母猪 Wash the sows before entering into farrowing room轻轻地将母猪赶到产房 Move the sows gently to the room在早晨将母猪赶到产房 Move them early in the morning将相应的母猪卡片转移到产房 Bring sow in with her individual card,17.01.2023,产房的环境要求 Farrowing Environment,空气质量 Air quality氨气Ammonia 25 ppm一氧化碳Carbon mo

24、noxide 50 ppm湿度 Humidity50%-80%通风 Ventilation rate冷 Cold 20 CFM适中Temperate 80 CFM热 Hot500 CFM(400 if drippers are used),PIC的产品,17.01.2023,产房的温度要求Farrowing Room Temperature,圈舍温度适宜的圏舍温度 促进母猪采食量,提高其泌乳性能,每天至少饲喂三次圈舍温度的调节应根据母猪的需求而非乳猪产仔前 16-20 C产后第一天至第三天 20-22 C产后第四天至断奶 18-20 C,如何达到妊娠期最佳的采食量?What Compromis

25、es Lactation Intake?,食欲下降,泌乳 Devastates intake and milk output营养水平的高低对其采食量无太大影响 Little can be done nutritionally最好的选择-早期断奶 Most powerful options split or early wean,在天气很热的情况下Extreme Heat Stress,17.01.2023,从断奶到配种间隔的饲养 Wean to Service Interval,目标:减少从断奶到配种的间隔时间使用妊娠饲料或哺乳饲料 Use Gestation or Lactation fee

26、d尽可能地多饲喂Feed as much as possible每天饲喂2-3次,但也要避免浪费 Feed 2-3 times a day to avoid feed wastage随时保证充足的饮水 Water should be available at all times preferably through Nipple 评定体况较差的猪只并使其尽快恢复 Identify sows in poor condition to start recovering them,soon在断奶后第一天就用公猪诱情 Work with the boar for estrus stimulation

27、from day 1 after weaning,17.01.2023,从断奶到配种间隔的饲养 Wean to Service(环境卫生角度 Hygiene&Environment),需要考虑到的环境卫生 Hygiene&Environment Considerations配种区必须干净,干燥并且消毒过的Breeding area should be clean,disinfected and dry圈栏必须冲洗、消毒,并且必须干燥后再进断奶猪 Wash,disinfect and let the crates dry before placing weaned sows适宜的温度 Tempe

28、rature comfort zone(18-23 C).最低的临界温度 Minimal critical temperature is 13 C空气质量 Air quality:湿度 Humidity50%-80%氨气 Ammonia 25 ppm一氧化碳 Carbon Monoxide 50 ppm通风 Ventilation rate Cold 14 CFM,Temperate 50 CFM and Hot 300 CFM,17.01.2023,从断奶到配种间隔的饲养 Wean to Service(圈舍方面),将母猪轻轻地从产房赶到指定的配种区域Move sows gently fro

29、m farrowing house into designated breeding area断奶母猪定位栏饲养 House weaned sows in individual stalls or crates与公猪充分接触(视觉,声音及嗅觉)Provide good contact with boars(sight,sound and smell)定位栏设计需符合下列条件 Crate design should allow 与公猪充分接触 good contact with the boar转猪方便(有前门及后门)easy movement of the sow(front and back

30、 door)有利于输精 rear access for insemination猪只、人员及设备进出配种区域方便安全Flow of breeding area should allow easy and safe movement of boar,staff and A.I.Equipment,48,36,24,12,0,12,24,36,48,60,小时,在公猪前静立(发情期)(约2.5天),发出求偶声阶段,低不要输精,低等待至下次发情,高输精,受胎力,AI53795,受精曲线,公猪特征,静立,骑背试验,约1天,48,36,24,12,0,12,24,36,48,60,小时,阴门红肿,下沉,大约4天,前情期,发情期,后情期,17.01.2023,环境管理,无 早 期 补 饲,健康,断奶,出生,7日龄,14日龄,21日龄,下痢少,早期补饲,下痢,早期补饲免疫耐性,无下痢,过敏反应在断奶前日采食量达600克且具有消化系统免疫耐力的仔猪。,17.01.2023,健康怎样降低断奶应激,按体重和性别分栏,弱小仔猪同栏以便更好的饲养管理。密度不可太大,每栏10-20头,每头5-25公斤的仔猪应需圈栏0.25m2。在最初24小时保持50%的光照,有助于猪只尽快安顿下来。按年龄和体重保持适宜的舍温,并避免贼风。风速 0.15米/秒以内。温差在2C以内。,17.01.2023,谢谢大家!,

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