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1、名词从句,三种句子充当具体成分,本质,1、用陈述句作成分（主语、宾语、表语、同位语）时，需要在陈述句首加that来引导。2、用一般疑问句作成分时，需要先将疑问句的倒装语序换成正常语序，然后再句首加上whether或if(if只用在宾语从句中）来引导，以保留原句疑问意义。3、用特殊疑问作成分时，只需要将疑问句的倒装语序换成正常的疑问语序。,4、引导名词从句的常用连词：,考点1：主语从句,(1)that引导主语从句句型：that引导的主语从句直接放在句首的较少，更常见的是用it作形式主语：1)过去分词：It is reported/believed/thought/should be noted/
2、has been found/must be pointed out that同样可用的动词还有:say,expect,know,estimate,forecast2)形容词：It is clear/fortunate/necessary that3)名词短语：It is a pity/a fact/good news/a good thing/no wonder/a shame/an honor/common knowledge/my belief/a miracle that4)不及物动词：It seems/follows/happens/turns out/comes about tha
3、t5)其他结构：It dawns upon/on sb that;It occurs to sb that;It makes no difference that;It doesnt need to be bothered that;It is of little consequence that(2)whether 及连接代词或连接副词引导主语从句一般放在句首。,考点2：宾语从句,(1)that省略问题：一般来讲，that引导宾语从句时，可将that省去。但若是几个宾语从句并列使用，则连词that不可省去。(2)If/whether1）if 一般只用于引导宾语从句，而whether可引导包括
4、宾语从句在内的其他名词从句。2）if不和or not直接连用，即一般不说if or not。但可以说ifor not。而whether没有此限制。(3)what/whatever/whoever/whomever whoever是人称代词的主格形式，一般在句子中作主语；whomever是人称代词的宾格形式，故一般作宾语。这两个词都等于the person that。what/whatever等于the thing(s)that。可以理解为“先行词+that”。,1._ the boss says,it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime wit
5、hout pay.2009 A.Whatever B.Whenever C.Whichever D.However2.The government has promised to do _ lies in its power to ease the hardships of the victims in the flood stricken area.(2004)A.however B.whichever C.whatever D.wherever3.She managed to save_she could out of her wages to help her brother.2002
6、A.how little money B.so little money C.such little money D.what little money 4.After _seemed an endless wait,it was her turn to enter the personnel managers office.(1999)A.that B.there C.what D.it 5.We can assign the task to _ is capable and trustworthy.A.whomever B.who C.whom D.Whoever,A,C,D,C,D,考点
7、3：表语从句,(1)表语从句通常是置于系动词，尤其是is后边。1.Quality is _ counts most.2008 A.which B.that C.what D.where2.Hes _ as a“bellyacher”hes always complaining about some thing.(1999)A.who is known B.whom is known C.what is known D.which is known(2)名词reason后面的表语从句一般用that引导，而不用because.,C,C,考点4：同位语从句,(1)“名词+that+陈述句”句型：同位
8、语从句通常是用that引导，而很少用whether，if以及连接代词或连接副词引导。这是因为我们多是用陈述句来补充名词的内容，而很少用一般疑问句或特殊疑问句来补充名词的内容。(2)no doubt+that/doubt+whether1.There is no doubt _ the company has made the right decision on the sales project.(2001)A.why B.that C.whether D.when,B,主谓一致,1.Mr Wells,together with all the members of his family,_
9、for Europe this afternoon.2004 A.are to leave B.are leaving C.is leaving D.Leave1)“就远原则”：在“A+(with,together with,along with,as well as,but,except,besides,like,including,rather than,more than,no less than)+B”结构中，谓语动词的单复数与之A一致。2.It is futile to discuss the matter further,because _ going to agree upon
10、anything today.2003 A.neither you nor I are B.neither you nor me is C.neither you nor I am D.neither me nor you are3._of the twins was arrested,because I saw both at a party last night.2002 A.None B.Both C.Neither D.All 2)就近原则：neithernor,(either)or,not onlybut also,notbut等并列结构作主语时采取就近原则：谓语动词的数由与其最接近
11、的那个主语的数决定。,C,C,C,3)a/the number of复数名词”:表“的数量”，谓动用数；表“一些/许多”，谓动用复4)more than one+n/Many a+n/Every A and every B/No A and no B/one and a half+n 谓动单数注意：more 复数名词+than one 用复数，More members than one are against your plan.5)由and连接的多个成分，如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时,谓动用单数:bread and butter,bread and cheese,a knife
12、and fork,a cart and horse,needle and thread,law and order,fish and chips,meat and potatoes6)若and连接两个并列主语，且and后面的名词有相关的副词（not,perhaps,particularly,even,too,likewise,as well等）修饰，则谓语动词形式与and前面的名词（真正的主语）保持一致。,7)表达时间、金钱、距离、重量、长度、价值,算式的短语通常接动词单数。8)如果主语由“the形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时,若表示抽象概念，谓语用单数。表示一类人，则为复数概念，谓语用复数
13、。9)由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数；但所指的内容是复数意义时，谓语动词通常用复数.10)people,police,cattle,militia是复数名词,接动词复数形式。Peoples指民族。sheep,deer,fish,means,aircraft,works单复数同形;clothes+复数动词11)常见的表示成对概念的复数名词，如：pants,trousers,scissors,scales（天平），glasses,binoculars(双筒望远镜)，spectacles,bifocals（双光眼镜）。谓动复数。12)形式上是复数（词尾加s）,但表示单数概念的词，谓语用
14、单数。Works(工厂)、gallows(绞刑架)、politics,statistics,measles,diabetes。若politics,statistics不表示学科，而分别表示“政治观点”，“统计数据”时，则需要复数。,1.The statistics_that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times.2006 A.proves B.is proving C.are proving D.prove13)the+最高级+of+n.复数+单数谓语14)a+单数名词+or two作主语，
15、谓语用单数。15)集合名词指整体时，用单数代词；指由不同的人组成的集合时，用复数代词。Audience,couple,family,public,class,crowd,government,staff,committee,group,team,crew,company集体名词：police,militia(民兵)，cattle,people等总是接复数动词，而mankind,humanity接单数动词。1.Our association,which has consistently pressed for greater employment opportunities for the di
16、sabled,will publish _ proposals in the near future.2008 A.their B.our C.his D.Its16)书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。1.All the Presidents Men _ one of the important books for historians who study the Watergate Scandal.2007 A.remain B.remains C.remained D.is remaining,D,D,B,17)“数量词+名词”结构的主谓一致,倒装句
17、,考点1：全部倒装,在以out,in,along,then,now,up,down,away,here,there 等副词开头的句子里。(2)表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。,考点2：部分倒装,(1)Only+状语位于句首时(2)否定副词及短语位于句首时。常考的词或词语有not,seldom,hardly,little,nowhere,by no means,in no time等。Little _ about her own safety,though she herself was in great danger.2009 A.she cared B.she may care C.may s
18、he care D.did she care2.On no account _ borrow money from friends,and still less_dependent on the favors of rich relatives.(1990)A.I would,I would be B.would I,I would be C.would I,would I be D.I would,would I be,D,C,(3)副词位于句首时，句子可部分倒装，也可不用。1.Stealthily out of the room.2004 A.The girl crept B.Crept
19、the girl C.Did the girl crept D.Creeps the girl(4)so neither nor 位于句首时。1.So+助动词+主语：也一样。Neither Nor+助动词+主语，表示“也不，也没有”。2.So+主语+助动词：确实如此。承前肯定so只能指定一件事情，两件事情用so it is(the same)with sb2.It is going to be fine tomorrow._.2009 A.So is it.B.So it is.C.So it does.D.So does it.3.He is not under arrest,_ any r
20、estriction on him.(1995)A.or the police have placed B.or have the police placed C.nor the police have placed D.nor have the police placed,A,B,D,(5)在“so+adj./adv.+that”句式中，将“so+adj./adv.”放在句首时的倒装。1.So badly _ in the car accident that he had to stay in hospital for a few months.(1994)did he injure B.injured him C.was he injured D.he was injured(6)not only but also;not.until 句式的倒装(前倒后不倒)1.Not until a monkey is several years old_ to exhibit signs of independence from its mother.(1991)A.it does begin B.when it begins C.does it begin D.before it begins,C,C,
