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1、专业好文档标 准 答 案一、 简单回答下列各题1 答：（1）土是由完整坚固岩石经风化、剥蚀、搬运、沉积而形成的；（2分） （2）第四纪沉积物有：残积物；坡积物；洪积物；冲积物；海相沉积物；湖沼沉积物；冰川沉积物；风积物。（8分）2答：强度低；压缩性大；透水性大（3分）。3答：（1）控制填土的含水量为最优含水量；（1分） （2）改善土的颗粒级配；（1分） （3）控制分层厚度不要过后；（1分） （4）增加碾压参数或能量。（1分）4答：（1）粘性土受扰动后强度降低，而静止后强度又重新增长的性质，称为粘性土的触变性；（2分） （2）粘性土的触变性有利于预制桩的打入；而静止时又有利于其承载力的恢复。（3
2、分）5答：（1）是指土在表面张力作用下，沿着细小孔隙向上或其它方向移动的现象；（1分） （2）对工程危害主要有：路基冻害；地下室潮湿；土地的沼泽化而引起地基承载力下降。（3分）6答：（1）其主要原因是，冻结时土中未冻结区水分向冻结区迁移和积聚的结果；（2分） （2）对工程危害：使道路路基隆起、鼓包，路面开裂、折断等；使建筑物或桥梁抬起、开裂、倾斜或倒塌。（3分）7答：（1）压缩试验过程：现场取土样，放于固结仪中；分级加荷，并观测各级荷载下的压缩量；绘制压缩曲线。（3分） （2）指标有：压缩系数；压缩指数；压缩模量。（3分）8答：（1）其根本原因是土体内的剪应力在某时刻大于土的抗剪强度；（2分）
3、 （2）促使剪应力增加的原因有：土坡变陡；动水力过大；坡顶有超载；打桩、爆破及地震等动荷载作用；（4分） （3）造成土抗剪强度降低的原因有：冻胀再溶化；振动液化；浸水后土的结构崩解；土中含水量增加。（4分）9答：（1）地质条件与水文地质条件；（2分） （2）河流冲刷深度；（1分） （3）当地冻结深度；（1分） （4）上部结构形式与荷载；（1分） （5）当地地形条件；（1分）10答：（1）板桩墙；（1分） （2）喷射混凝土；（1分） （3）现浇混凝土；（1分） （4）地下连续墙。（1分）11答：（1）木桩；（1分） （2）钢筋混凝土桩；（1分） （3）钢桩。（1分）12答：（1）挖孔灌注桩；（1
4、分） （2）钻孔灌注桩；（1分） （3）沉管灌注桩；（1分） （4）爆扩桩。（1分）13答：（1）围堰法；（1分） （2）吊箱法：（1分） （3）套箱法；（1分） （4）沉井结合法。（1分）14答：（1）人工挖掘；（1分） （2）爆破。（1分）二、解： 孔隙比 干容重 饱和容重 浮容重 孔隙率 饱和度 （10分）三、解：（1）主动土压力的计算（5分） 主动土压力系数 在墙顶， 在墙底， 总主动土压力为 其分布如下图所示 P总（2）被动土压力的计算（5分） 被动土压力系数 在墙顶，KPa 在墙底， 总主动土压力为 其分布如下图所示 P总四、解：分两层，第一层厚度为1.6m；第二层厚度为2.4m。
5、 第一层平均附加应力 第二层平均附加应力 （10分）Winger Tuivasa-Sheck, who scored two tries in the Kiwis 20-18 semi-final win over England, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while Slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against USA.Both sides boast 100% records
6、heading into the encounter but Australia have not conceded a try since Josh Charnleys effort in their first pool match against England on the opening day.Aussie winger Jarryd Hayne is the competitions top try scorer with nine, closely followed by Tuivasa-Sheck with eight.But it is recently named Rug
7、by League International Federation player of the year Sonny Bill Williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.The Kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the World Cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphin
8、g with the All Blacks in 2011.Id give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend, said Williams.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Associations 150th anniversary celebration
9、s and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday.I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure, he told BBC Sport.For me its about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.Uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedi
10、ngs against CSKAfor the racist behaviour of their fans duringCitys 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toures complaint. In a statement the Russ
11、ian side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA. Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph
12、, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even hig
13、her than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will s
14、lowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.They blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake against the Kiwis in Manchester.Five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the l
15、ast try they conceded was scored by Englands Josh Charnley in the opening game of the tournament.That could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but I have been impressed by the Kangaroos focus in their games since then.They have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough
16、, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. Theyve been great at all the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in the stands but not by your team-mates.It is as though their entire tournament has been preparation for the final.In
17、Johnathan Thurston, Cooper Cronk, Cameron Smith and either Billy Slater or Greg Inglis at full-back they have a spine that is unmatched in rugby league. They have played in so many high-pressure games - a priceless asset going into Saturday.The Kiwis are a lot less experienced but winning a dramatic match like their semi-final against England will do wonders for their confidence.They defeated Australia in the Four Nations final in 2010 and the last World Cup, and know they can rise to the big occasion.
